scholarly journals Estimation and Statistical Analysis of Human Voice Parameters to Investigate the Influence of Psychological Stress and to Determine the Vocal Tract Transfer Function of an Individual

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar Mongia ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Inverse Filtering ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

In this study the principal focus is to examine the influence of psychological stress (both positive and negative stress) on the human articulation and to determine the vocal tract transfer function of an individual using inverse filtering technique. Both of these analyses are carried out by estimating various voice parameters. The outcomes of the analysis of psychological stress indicate that all the voice parameters are affected due to the influence of stress on humans. About 35 out of 51 parameters follow a unique course of variation from normal to positive and negative stress in 32% of the total analyzed signals. The upshot of the analysis is to determine the vocal tract transfer function for each vowel for an individual. The analysis indicates that it can be computed by estimating the mean of the pole zero plots of that individual’s vocal tract estimated for the whole day. Besides this, an analysis is presented to find the relationship between the LPC coefficients of the vocal tract and the vocal tract cavities. The results of the analysis indicate that all the LPC coefficients of the vocal tract are affected due to change in the position of any cavity.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERKAITAN SOSIOKULTURAL SUBAK DENGAN EFISIENSI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH SISTEM TAPIN DAN TABELA (STUDI KASUS SUBAK LINGGA MERTA KABUPATEN KOLAKA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Darsana ◽  
Ayub M. Padangaran ◽  
Muhammad Arief Dirgantoro
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analyze Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The aims of this study were: to describe farm rice cultivation with tapin and tabela systems practiced by subak and non-subak farmers; to find out the efficiency of farm rice cultivation with tapin and tabela systems on subak and non-subak farmers; to establish the relationship between socio-cultural subak and the efficiency of farm rice cultivation. The study was conducted from June to December 2016. Objects of the study were subak and non-subak farmers who adopted tapin and tabela systems. Data were collected using observation, interview, and study of literature. A total of 60 samples/respondents which were determined purposively and randomly. A descriptive statistical analysis and R/C ratio analysis were used to analyze data. Results of the study showed that: farm rice cultivation by subak farmers who adopted tapin and tabela system was different from that of non-subak farmers, particularly in social and religious aspects; the productivity and efficiency value of subak farmers was higher than that of non-subak farmers, with the subak farmers using tapin and tabela system gained a total of productivity value of Rp 20.741.945,-/hectare and those adopting tabela system reached Rp 20.493.410,-/hectare, and the efficiency value of tapin and tabela was 2.23 and 2.56 respectively. The productivity value of non-subak farmers was lower, with Rp 15.972.705,-/hectare and Rp 15.050.000,-/hectare gained by tapin system and tabela system respectively; it was found from a cross table analysis that the mean score of technology applied by subak farmers per respondent was higher than that of non-subak farmers, which was 12: 9.5 in the tapin system, and 11.27:9 in the tabela system. Based on the score of technology and R/C values, it could be established that there was no relationship between R/C both subak and non-subak.  Keywords: socio-cultural; subak; tapin, tabela; productivity; efficiency. 

COMPLEXITY-BASED ANALYSIS OF BRAINS’ SYNCHRONIZATION IN HUMAN–HUMAN INTERACTION

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED RASMI ASHFAQ AHAMED ◽  
MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN BABINI ◽  
NAJMEH PAKNIYAT ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Talking is the most common type of human interaction that people have in their daily life. Besides all conducted studies on the analysis of human behavior in different conditions, no study has been reported yet that analyzed how the brain activity of two persons is related during their conversation. In this research, for the first time, we investigate the relationship between brain activities of people while communicating, considering human voice as the mean of this connection. For this purpose, we employ fractal analysis in order to investigate how the complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) signals for two persons are related. The results showed that the variations of complexity of EEG signals for two persons are correlated while communicating. Statistical analysis also supported the result of analysis. Therefore, it can be stated that the brain activities of two persons are correlated during communication. Fractal analysis can be employed to analyze the correlation between other physiological signals of people while communicating.

scholarly journals ​Association of Bio-acoustic Features of Vocal Signals with Age and Semen Quality in Sahiwal Bulls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Devi ◽  
Kuldeep Dudi ◽  
Ranjana Sinha ◽  
R. Vikram
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Sperm Abnormality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

Background: Bio-acoustic features of animal’s voice can provide meaningful information about their biological and physical characteristics. The present study was conducted to get indicators of age from voice analysis and explore the relationship between voice features and seminal parameters in Sahiwal bulls. Methods: Voice samples were collected from healthy bulls (n=20), maintained at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. Bulls were classified into two groups i.e. young bulls and adult bulls. The voice signals were analyzed by Adobe Premium software and acoustic features were extracted by using PRAAT software. Result: The mean of acoustic features viz. call duration (sec), mean intensity (dB), total energy (P2S), amplitude (P), pitch (Hz), unvoiced frame (%), jitter (%), bandwidth (Hz) mean N/H ratio (%) have been found significantly different while mean H/N ratio (dB), shimmer (%) and pulses were not found statistically (P greater than 0.05) different between adult and young bulls. The seminal parameters viz mass activity (0-5 scale), individual progressive motility (%), live sperm count (%) and total sperm abnormality (%) were found significantly different between adult and young bulls. No significant association between voice features and semen quality of bulls was observed. Hence, voice signals of male might provide some clues about their age but for semen quality, there is further need to explore the interesting relationship between voice features and fertility of breeding bulls.

Phrase-Final Syllable Lengthening and Intonation in Early Child Speech

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Snow
Keyword(s):  
Speech Development ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Developmental Relationship ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Final Syllable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
The Voice

This research describes the development of phrase-final prosodic patterns in nine English-speaking children. The intonation feature of interest is the fall in the fundamental frequency of the voice that occurs in the final syllables of statements. The corresponding feature of speech timing is phrase-final lengthening. To test opposing theories about the relationship between intonation and syllable timing, these boundary features were compared in a longitudinal study of the children’s speech development between the mean ages of 16 and 25 months. The results suggest that young children acquire the skills that control intonation earlier than final syllable timing skills. The findings support the hypothesis that final lengthening in the speech of 2-year-olds is a learned prosodic feature that cannot be accounted for as a secondary effect of inherent speech production constraints. In addition, a consistent pattern of final lengthening began to emerge when the children were making the transition to combinatorial speech, suggesting a developmental relationship between the child’s learning of speech timing and syntax.

scholarly journals Does Body Mass Index Interfere in the Formation of Speech Formants?

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 045-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Takaki ◽  
Marilena Vieira ◽  
Angelica Said ◽  
Silvana Bommarito
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

Introduction Studies in the fields of voice and speech have increasingly focused on the vocal tract and the importance of its structural integrity, and changes in the anatomy and configuration of the vocal tract determine the variations in phonatory and acoustic measurements, especially in the formation of the formants (Fs). Recent studies have revealed the functional consequences arising from being overweight and having an accumulation of fat in the pharyngeal region, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and impacts on the voice. Objectives To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and analysis of the speech. Methods This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (no. 288,430). The cohort consisted of 124 individuals aged between 18 and 45 with full permanent dentition and selected randomly. The participants underwent a brief medical history taking, BMI assessments and recording emissions of the sustained vowels /a/, /ε/, /i/, and /u/ by acoustic program PRAAT (v. 5.3.85, Boersma and Weenink, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Recordings were taken using a unidirectional microphone headset (model Karsect HT-9, Guangdong, China), with a condenser connected to an external sound card (USB-SA 2.0, model Andrea, PureAudio™, Pleasant Grove, UT, USA), to reduce noise. Results There was a significant correlation between BMI and formant 3 (F3) vowel /a/; however, there was a low degree of correlation intensity. Conclusions We did not observe a correlation between the BMI and the speech formants, but we believe there is a trend in this correlation that leads to changes in speech patterns with increases in BMI.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Vowels in Cleft Palate Children with or without Hypernasality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Katsuaki Mishima ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakano ◽  
Tatsushi Matsumura ◽  
Norifumi Moritani ◽  
Seiji Iida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Voice Signal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Nasal Resonance

Objectives. To clarify the difference between Lyapunov exponents (LEs) for cleft palate (CP) patients with hypernasality versus without hypernasality and to investigate the relationship between their LEs and nasalance scores (NSs).Material and Methods. Six CP patients with severe hypernasality (mean age 9.2 years) and six CP patients without hypernasality (mean age 8.0 years) were enrolled. Five Japanese vowels were recorded at 44.1 KHz, and the NSs were measured simultaneously. The mean first LE (mLE1) from all one-second intervals was computed.Results. The mLE1for /o/ in patients with hypernasality was significantly higher than that in patients without hypernasality. The correlation coefficients between the mLE1and NS for all vowels were not statistically different.Conclusion. The voice signal of /o/ for the patients with hypernasality was more instable than in those without hypernasality. The chaotic phenomenon was independent of nasal resonance in CP voice.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivananda B Nayak ◽  
Dharindra Sawh ◽  
Brandon Scott ◽  
Vestra Sears ◽  
Kareshma Seebalack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

Pulse-Width Modulated Amplifier for DC Servo System and Its Matlab Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-631
Author(s):  
Ma Xiaocheng ◽  
Zhang Haotian ◽  
Cheng Yiqing ◽  
Zhu Lina ◽  
Wu Dan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Input Signal ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Pulse Width Modulated ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
The Relationship

This paper introduces a mathematical model for Pulse-Width Modulated Amplifier for DC Servo Motor. The relationship between pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal and reference rotation speed is specified, and a general model of motor represented by transfer function is also put forward. When the input signal changes, the rotation speed of the servo motor will change accordingly. By changing zeros and poles, transient performance of this system is discussed in detail, and optimal ranges of the parameters is recommended at the end of discussion.

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