scholarly journals Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ajab ◽  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Salman Akbar Malik ◽  
Muhammad Junaid ◽  
Sadia Yasmeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Cigarette Ash ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Condensate ◽  
Significant Concentration

In this study, concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were determined in tobacco, tobacco smoke-condensate, and cigarette ash for selected brands used in Pakistan. Smoking apparatus was designed for metal extraction from cigarette smoke. Samples were digested through microwave digester and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). Higher concentration of Ni was detected in imported brands than the counterparts in the local brands. Pb levels were however higher in local brands while significant concentration of Cd was observed in both brands. For Cr, the level in tobacco of local brands was higher than their emitted smoke, whereas imported brands showed higher level in smoke than in tobacco. The cigarette ash retained 65 to 75% of the metal and about 25 to 30% went into the body. While this study revealed the serious requirement to standardize the manufacturing of tobacco products, more importantly is the urgent need for stronger enforcements to put in place to alert the general population about the hazardous effects of cigarettes and the health risks associated with these toxic metals.

Determination of Lead Content in Red Colored Lipsticks from Mandalay Market by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Exposure Levels

Red colored lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because some lipsticks contain a considerable amount of heavy metal especially lead. Lead is being used in lipstick mainly for the pigments required to obtain needed colors. Lead accumulates in the body over time and lead-containing lipstick applied several times a day, every day, combined with lead in water and other sources, could add up to significant exposure levels. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine lead content in red colored lipsticks from market. This study was laboratorybased, analytical study by using 25 lipstick samples. Red colored lipsticks were bought from Mandalay Market by random sampling procedure and they were completely coded to avoid the bias. Then, lead content in coded samples was determined by Flame AAS according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline. Lead contents of 88% of the lipsticks samples were more than specified limit (20 ppm) of Food and Drug Administration, United States. All of them, lead content was highest in counterfeit lipsticks group. Among the tested lipstick samples, lipstick with lowest lead content was LE-RL 01 (15.74 ppm) and the lipstick with highest lead content was CF-RL 01(60.09 ppm). In conclusion, lead contents of red colored lipsticks (22 out of 25) from market samples were higher than allowable limit (20 ppm).

Multi-element characterization of tobacco smoke condensate

1994 ◽  
Vol 348 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krivan ◽  
G. Schneider ◽  
H. Baumann ◽  
U. Reus
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Condensate

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Ziziphora (Ziziphora persica) Obtained from Local Market in Lahijan, Northern Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Habibollah Nazem ◽  
Mohammad Fazilati ◽  
Hossein Salavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study

: Heavy metals cause significant issues when people are exposed to many specific types of them. They can cause many disorders and affect the biochemical pathways in the body. Herbs are known as one of the richest sources of modern patented drugs, particularly in Iranian references. Many metals, particularly heavy metals, are toxic. Various studies have shown a higher level of heavy metals than standards in some countries like Iran, Pakistan, Egypt, and Nigeria. A preliminary study was conducted to determine some toxic elements in powdered Ziziphora (Ziziphora persica) collected from the local market in Lahijan city, northern Iran. Twenty random samples were gathered from various markets, and a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used to detect some featured toxic elements, including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg). The results showed higher Pb, Cd, and Hg levels than standards. Besides, Cu and Zn were detected to be lower than standards.

scholarly journals Évaluation de bioaccumulation des métaux toxiques (pb, cu, mn) dans les espèces de crabes Callinectes amnicola et Cardisoma armatum consommés avec les légumes d’Abelmoschus esculentus dans la basse vallée de l’Ouémé (Benin, Afrique de l’ouest)

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 15913-15925
Author(s):  
Bernadin ELEGBEDE MANOU ◽  
Mahamadou Ilalou ATIKOU ◽  
Marc SOHOUNNON ◽  
Hervé LABITE ◽  
A. Yvette DEGUENON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Prise De Décision ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Metallic Trace Elements ◽  
Risques Sanitaires

Objectifs : Le présent travail porte sur l’évaluation de la bioaccumulation des métaux toxiques (Pb, Cu, Mn) des eaux, des sédiments, de deux espèces différentes de crabes Callinectes amnicola et Cardisoma armatum, et de légume Abelmoschus esculentus (famille des Malvaceae) et communément appelés Gombo consommés dans la basse vallée de l’Ouémé. Méthodologie et résultats : Pour ce faire, les teneurs de trois éléments traces métalliques (ETM) à savoir le manganèse (Mn), le cuivre (Cu) et le plomb (Pb) ont été recherchées dans les eaux, les sédiments de sable, le légume et les crabes à l'aide d'un spectrophotomètre d'absorption atomique à flamme dans 12 échantillons d’eau et sédiments puis dans 72 échantillons de crabes et 10 échantillons de légumes. Par la suite, une évaluation des risques sanitaires liés à la consommation de ces produits contaminés a été réalisée suivant une démarche standard simplifiée. Les résultats ont montré que tous les légumes Abelmoschus esculentus ont des teneurs en Mn et Cu dépassant la réglementation de l'OMS. Les résultats ont révélé également des concentrations en manganèse plus élevées dans les sédiments par rapport aux deux autres échantillons de crabe. Les crabes Cardisoma armatum accumulent plus le Cu et Pb que le crabe Callinectes amnicola. Les concentrations du plomb (Pb) et Mn sont en deçà des normes fixées par l'OMS. Par contre celles du cuivre et de manganèse dépassent largement la réglementation. Le facteur de bioconcentration (FBC) varie de 0,25 à 0,29 pour Mn, de 0,15 à 0,17 pour Cu et de 0,67 à 0,82 pour Pb. La présence de ces éléments traces métalliques dans les crabes, ne peut résulter que du phénomène de la biodisponibilité dans les sédiments. Conclusion et application des résultats : En conclusion, on peut retenir que l’évaluation de la bioaccumulation des métaux toxiques dans les aliments a montré que la consommation de crabes et légumes constitue un danger de santé publique pour la population de la basse vallée de l'Ouémé. Il serait indispensable d’attirer Elegbede Manou et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Évaluation de bioaccumulation des métaux toxiques dans les espèces de crabes consommés avec les légumes d’Abelmoschus esculentus dans la basse vallée de l’Ouémé, Benin. 15914 l’attention des populations afin qu'elles adoptent une ration alimentaire variée. Ces résultats devront être un outil d’aide à la prise de décision des autorités au niveau de la santé. La grande recommandation issue des résultats est de procéder à une surveillance sanitaire dans la basse vallée de l'Ouémé en ce qui concerne l’alimentation. Mots clés : Basse vallée de l’Ouémé (Bénin), bioaccumulation, métaux toxiques, gombo et crabes. Evaluation of the bioaccumulation of toxic metals (pb, cu, mn) in the consumed crab species Callinect amnicola and Cardisoma armatum with Abelmoschus esculentus vegetables in the low valley of Oueme (Benin, West Africa) ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the bioaccumulation of toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Mn) for two different species of crabs (i.e., Callinectes amnicola and Cardisoma armatum) and of vegetable Abelmoschus esculentus (family Malvaceae) commonly called Okra and consumed in the lower valley of the Ouémé. Methodology and results:To do this, the contents of three metallic trace elements (MTE) manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were sought in water, sand sediment, vegetables and crabs by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer in 12 water and sediment samples and then in 72 crab samples. To search for lead, manganese and copper, an assessment of the health risks associated with the consumption of these contaminated products was carried out using a simplified standard approach. The results showed that all the Abelmoschus esculentus vegetables had Mn and Cu contents exceeding the WHO regulations. The results also revealed higher Mn concentrations in the sediment compared to the other two crab samples. Cardisoma armatum crabs accumulate more Cu and Pb than the Callinectes amnicola crab. The concentrations of lead (Pb) and Mn were below the standards set by the WHO. On the other hand, those of copper and manganese largely exceeded the regulations. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied from 0.25 to 0.29 for Mn, from 0.15 to 0.17 for Cu and from 0.67 to 0.82 for Pb. The presence of these metallic trace elements in crabs, can only result from the phenomenon of bioavailability in sediments. Conclusion and application of results: In conclusion, it can be remembered that the assessment of the bioaccumulation of toxic metals in food has shown that the consumption of crabs and vegetables constitutes a public health hazard for the population of the lower valley of the Ouémé. It would be essential to attract the attention of the populations so that they adopt a varied food ration. These results should be used as a decision-making tool for health authorities. The main recommendation resulting from the results is to carry out health surveillance in the lower valley of the Ouémé with regard to food. Key words: Lower Ouéme Valley (Benin), bioaccumulation, toxic metals, okra and crab

Studies on the Characterization of Factor VIII and a Co-factor VIII

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
M. M. P Paulssen ◽  
H. L. M. A Vandenbussche-Scheffers ◽  
P. B Spaan ◽  
T de Jong ◽  
M. C Planje
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Two Factors

SummaryFactor VIII occurs in the body in two different forms. In lymph factor VIII is bound to chylomicra. In plasma, factor VIII is bound to a protein.After delipidation of chylomicra we obtained a glycoprotein with a high polysaccharide content and a molecular weight of approx. 160,000.In plasma, factor VIII is attached to a protein which is present in normal concentrations in plasma of patients with haemophilia A and in serum (co-factor VIII).This factor is deficient in both the plasma and the serum of patients with von Willebrand’s disease.The binding between factor VIII and co-factor VIII is reversible.Some properties of these two factors are described.

The Sober Bacchae: Dance as Phenomenal Limitation in Nietzsche

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Monique Lyle
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
Birth Of Tragedy

This essay seeks to dispel entrenched critical opinion regarding dance across Nietzsche's writings as representative of Dionysian intoxication alone. Taking as its prompt the riposte of Alain Badiou, ‘Nietzsche is miles away from any doctrine of dance as a primitive ecstasy’ and ‘dance is in no way the liberated bodily impulse, the wild energy of the body’, the essay uncovers the ties between dance and Apollo in the Nietzschean theory of art while qualifying dance's relation to Dionysus. Primarily through an analysis of The Dionysiac World View and The Birth of Tragedy, the essay seeks to illuminate enigmatic statements about dance in Nietzsche (‘in dance the greatest strength is only potential, although it is betrayed by the suppleness of movement’ and ‘dance is the preservation of orderly measure’). It does this through an elucidation of the specific function of dance in Nietzsche's interpretation of classical Greece; via an assessment of the difficulties associated with the Nietzschean understanding of the bacchanal; and lastly through an analysis of Nietzsche's characterization of dance as a symbol. The essay culminates in a discussion of dance's ties to Nietzschean life affirmation; here the themes of physico-phenomenal existence, joy and illusion in Nietzsche are surveyed.

In-vivo evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Cancer is assemblage diseases involving abnormal cell growth amid the potential of spread to other parts of the body due to tobacco use are the cause of about of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet & drinking alcohol. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally. In females, the most common type is breast cancer. Cisplatin also known as cytophosphane is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent from the oxazophosphinans groups were used to treat cancers & autoimmune disorders. Based on the above reasons I will fix the aim Preparation characterization of Cisplatin- nano particles  &  its anticancer activity. Solid tumor volume examination report showed that the assessment of different day indication 15,20,25 & 30th variations of different groups of tumor volumes were decreased CPG Nanoparticles (100 mg/kg)+ DAL(15th day 4.97±0.24↓), (20th day 0.6±0.13↓), (25th day 1.35±0.30↓) & (30th day 1.89±0.13↓).

scholarly journals Potential use of molecular and structural characterization of the gut bacterial community for postmortem interval estimation in Sprague Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Li ◽  
Siruo Zhang ◽  
Ruina Liu ◽  
Lu Yuan ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Species Taxon

AbstractOnce the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Fly Ash for Active Catalysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Jain ◽  
Renu Hada ◽  
Ashu Rani
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Different Temperatures

Fly ash based effective solid base catalyst (KF/Al2O3/fly ash473, KF/Al2O3/fly ash673, and KF/Al2O3/fly ash873) was synthesized by loading KF over chemically and thermally activated fly ash. The chemical activation was done by treating fly ash with aluminum nitrate via precipitation method followed by thermal activation at 650°C to increase the alumina content in fly ash. The increased alumina content was confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis. The alumina enriched fly ash was then loaded with KF (10 wt%) and calcined at three different temperatures 473 K, 673 K and 873 K. The amount of loaded KF was monitored by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, TEM and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The catalytic activities of the catalysts were tested in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde with 2′-hydroxyacetophenone to produce 2′-hydroxychalcone and 4-methoxy-2′-hydroxychalcone respectively. Higher conversion (83%) of benzaldehyde and (89%) of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde reveals that among these heterogeneous catalysts KF/Al2O3/fly ash673 is very active.

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