scholarly journals Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis: Biological Effects, Clinical Efficacy, and Safety on Glucose Metabolism

Arthritis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Luis Bello ◽  
Mervin Chávez ◽  
Roberto Añez ◽  
Joselyn Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Degenerative Disorder ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder that currently represents one of the main causes of disability within the elderly population and an important presenting complaint overall. The pathophysiologic basis of osteoarthritis entails a complex group of interactions among biochemical and mechanical factors that have been better characterized in light of a recent spike in research on the subject. This has led to an ongoing search for ideal therapeutic management schemes for these patients, where glucosamine is one of the most frequently used alternatives worldwide due to their chondroprotective properties and their long-term effects. Its use in the treatment of osteoarthritis is well established; yet despite being considered effective by many research groups, controversy surrounds their true effectiveness. This situation stems from several methodological aspects which hinder appropriate data analysis and comparison in this context, particularly regarding objectives and target variables. Similar difficulties surround the assessment of the potential ability of glucosamine formulations to alter glucose metabolism. Nevertheless, evidence supporting diabetogenesis by glucosamine remains scarce in humans, and to date, this association should be considered only a theoretical possibility.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DONIACH ◽  
D. J. SHALE
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Longevity

Abstract Background In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalized health recommendations to the elderly population. Methods The study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, from which 5354 Chinese seniors aged 65–112 years were selected as the subjects, spanning the years 1998–2018. Data on alcohol, diet, activity, and cognition were collected by questionnaire and cognitive levels were judged by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (also referenced to the Functional Assessment Staging Test). Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis. Results The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank (HR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.175–1.419). The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits (i.e., longer drinking years, HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004–1.013). Compared to non-alcoholic beverages, liquor (≥ 38°), liquor (< 38°), wine and rice wine all showed negative effects. Whereas, the risk of cognitive decline was relatively lower in seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine compared to the high-level liquor (HR: 0.672 (0.508, 0.887) and 0.732 (0.559, 0.957), respectively). Conclusions Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.

scholarly journals Longstanding Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis of More Than 20 Years

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 632-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mucosal Folds ◽  
Erosive Change ◽  
Symptomatic Benefit

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an eosinophil-predominant inflammatory process that may be detected in endoscopic gastric or intestinal biopsies. The long-term natural history and effects of EGE treatment are not known. A 44-year-old man with abdominal pain was treated with oral ketotifen and followed for more than 20 years. Ketotifen provided symptomatic benefit, with prompt clinical relapse if the drug was discontinued. However, despite the use of ketotifen, the endoscopic abnormalities persisted and appeared to progress. Gastric body and antral mucosal folds appeared thickened, erythematous and friable, with minimal erosive change. Later, even during long asymptomatic periods suggesting clinical ‘remission’, inflammatory polypoid change, previously described in children with EGE, developed with mucosal ‘pock-marking’ and apparent scarring. Ketotifen treatment does not appear to prohibit or reverse the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa in EGE, although long-term effects of steroids may be avoided. In the future, treatment of EGE may involve monoclonal antibody agents that target the specific biological effects of the eosino-phil, apparently central to this unusual inflammatory process.

VR Applied Asobi-Litation System for Dementia Elderly in Group Homes

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieko Ohsuga ◽  
◽  
Yumiko Inoue ◽  
Wataru Hashimoto ◽  
Fumitaka Nakaizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Home ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Group Homes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
System Use ◽  
System Acceptance ◽  
Positive Effect

The “Asobilitation” (Japanese “asobi,” meaning “play,” replaces the “rehab” in “rehabilitation”) system we developed using virtual reality and targeting physical and mental improvement in elderly people with dementia was applied to residents of a group home for the aged, “Nishiyama no Sato.” A pair of residents, or a resident and a caregiver, took part in a cooperative game using bicycling or a balancing exercise. First experiment was executed to evaluate system acceptance and over two thirds of the residents participated indicating that they found the system at least interesting and easy enough to try out. Second experiment was designed for effect assessment of system use, however it showed no clear positive effect of the system on walking, despite our objectives of having the system improve mobility and reverse lower-leg muscle deterioration. A study is thus needed on the system’s continuous, long-term effects, and we must develop an easier way to assess walking function in the elderly with dementia.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Statin Treatment in Elderly People: Extended Follow-Up of the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e72642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Lloyd ◽  
David J. Stott ◽  
Anton J. M. de Craen ◽  
Patricia M. Kearney ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Ileal transposition in rats influenced glucose metabolism and HSP70 levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Stygar ◽  
Tomasz Sawczyn ◽  
Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek ◽  
Iwona Karcz-Socha ◽  
Bogdan Doleżych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractObjective: Ileal transposition procedure (IT), in combination with sleeve gastrectomy, is widely used to induce diabetes remission and to control related metabolic abnormalities. A transposition of a long segment of distal ileum in obese Zucker rats improved glucose tolerance 6 months after IT. The premise of our study was to to examine the long - term effects of ileum transposition on the liver glycolytic enzymes content in a euglycemic group of operated Zucker rats. Methods: Twenty male Zucker rats underwent either the transposition of 50% distal ileum or a sham surgery. Six months after surgery, liver tissue concentrations of glycogen synthase kinase alpha (GSK-3α), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6PC), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) and HSP70 were assessed by immunoenzymatic methods. Results: HSP70 values were significantly higher in the IT group compared to SHAM. G6PC liver concentrations in the IT group were almost 1.45-fold lower than in the SHAM operated rats. Statistical analyses (F-test) showed HSP70 levels were significantly related to caveolin-1and SHAM group. Conclusions: Lowered glycolytic enzyme concentrations assessed in the liver suggest positive effects on glucose metabolism in long-term observations.

Long-term effects of baroreflex activation therapy on glucose metabolism

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Wallbach ◽  
Luca-Yves Lehnig ◽  
Hans-Joachim Helms ◽  
Charlotte Schroer ◽  
Gerhard A. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽  
Activation Therapy

scholarly journals Eradication of Helicobacter pylori may improve dyspepsia in the elderly for the long term

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikko Tanaka ◽  
Shoko Ono ◽  
Yoshihiko Shimoda ◽  
Masaki Inoue ◽  
Sayoko Kinowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Postprandial Fullness ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) improves symptoms of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia (HPD), but the effects of eradication in elderly patients are unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate dyspepsia symptoms and long-term effects of eradication in elderly patients. Methods This retrospective study included 496 patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy. The patients were divided into a group of elderly patients (group E: ≧ 65 years old) and a group of non-elderly patients (group N: < 65 years old). Abdominal symptoms were evaluated using a questionnaire about abdominal symptoms before eradication and after eradication (1–2 months and more than one year). Dyspepsia was defined as a score of 4 points or more for at least one of 4 items (postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and hunger pain). Improvement of symptoms was defined on the basis of changes in Global Overall Systems scores. Results There were no differences in abdominal symptoms before eradication between the two groups. Successful eradication improved symptoms in patients with dyspepsia within 2 months (in 75.6% (56/74) of the patients in group N and in 64.5% (20/31) of the patients in group E). The questionnaire showed that 80% (32/40) of the patients in group N and 60% (12/20) of the patients in group E had long-term relief of dyspepsia. The scores for abdominal symptoms in group E continued to improve for a mean period of 54.8 months after eradication. Conclusions Eradication of H. pylori age-independently improved dyspepsia symptoms for the long term.

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