Blindness and Visual Impairment among Egyptian Glaucoma Patients

Purpose. Glaucoma is the second commonest cause of blindness worldwide. Visual fields and intraocular pressures are optimum outcomes to be assessed in developed countries. Visual acuity as an outcome is the key player when assessing blindness in developing countries. The aim of this study is to assess visual impairment and blindness in glaucoma patients and to identify the bulk they represent in comparison to nonglaucoma patients in the same practice setting.Methods. Patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University Hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Clinical data collected for these patients included their demographic data, best obtained visual acuity, and whether or not they have had an established diagnosis of glaucoma. Results were compared at 95% confidence intervals.Results. 988 eyes of 494 patients were included for this study. Their mean visual acuity was 6/24 (±3 Snellen lines). Legal blindness was found in 5% and 4% of glaucoma and nonglaucoma groups, respectively. There were high odds for finding eyes with total blindness due to glaucoma. That was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions. A large proportion of glaucoma patients suffered from blindness in at least one eye. Interventional strategies are recommended regarding visual disability among Egyptian glaucoma patients.

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Association Between Tobacco Consumption and Self-Reported Visual Impairment in Adults of High-Altitude Andean Communities of Peru

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/23337214211036256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233372142110362

Author(s):

Emilyn N. Paitan-Quispe ◽

Kathleen H. Pérez-Castillo ◽

Kiara Camacho-Caballero ◽

Maria Alejandra Rodriguez-Cuba ◽

Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

High Altitude ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Physician ◽

Original Cohort ◽

Cross Sectional

To determine the association between tobacco consumption and self-reported visual impairment. We performed a cross-sectional study based on an original cohort study. A non-probabilistic sampling was performed to invite 413 patients of 60 years or more from 11 high-altitude Andean communities (altitude higher than 1500 m above sea level) of Peru between 2013 and 2017. Demographic data and information on tobacco consumption were collected. Associations were determined using a Poisson regression model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of the 413 participants, 141 (34.14%) were men and 49 (11.86%) were tobacco users. In the adjusted model, tobacco users presented a high probability of visual impairment with a prevalence ratio of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.18–1.97). We also found that having two or more comorbidities 2.19 (95% CI: 1.53–3.15), receiving health assistance in a pharmacy 3.75 (95% CI: 1.97–7.16), and coffee consumption 1.67 (95% CI: 1.26–2.21) were factors significantly associated with self-reported visual impairment. We determined that in Peruvian high-altitude Andean communities, visual impairment was more frequent in individuals reporting tobacco consumption, taking alternative medicine, going directly to a drug store without primary care physician consultation, having more than one comorbidity, and coffee consumption.

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Oculo-Visual Findings among Industrial Mine Workers at Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa

Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases ◽

10.4137/oed.s9204 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. OED.S9204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

GO Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽

S Ocansey ◽

EK Abu ◽

S Kyei ◽

SB Boadi-Kusi

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Status ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean ◽

Mine Workers

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the visual status of mine workers who were directly involved in mining and/or are exposed to the mining environment. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and six (406) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their socio-demographic data was also collected. In addition, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination. Results The mean age of the workers was 41.1 years. Visual impairment was found in 114 (28.1%) of the study population of which refractive error (56.8%) was the major cause. Presbyopia was also observed in 45.5% of the workers with only 30.3% of them wearing near correction. The prevalence of eye diseases were pterygium/pingueculae (25.8%), conjunctivitis (26.8%), suspected glaucoma (15.3%), and cataract (7.4%). Conclusions Visual impairment and eye diseases were found among the miners.

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Mean difference of visual acuity with auto refraction and subjective refraction.

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v36i1.909 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

Rashida RIaz ◽

Muhammad Haseeb ◽

Hafiza Ammara Rasheed ◽

Samia Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Difference ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

The Mean ◽

Cylindrical Axis

Purpose: To compare the mean difference of visual acuity as measured by auto refraction and subjective refraction. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of ophthalmology, Services hospital Lahore from November 2013 to April 2014. Material and Methods: Using non-probability consecutive sampling 300 eyes of 300 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited through OPD registration slip. Demographic data including age and gender was recorded. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed. This included measurement of refractive error by auto-refraction as well as subjective refraction. Detailed anterior segment examination with slit lamp and dilated fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed. The collected data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 17. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.71 ± 7.45 years. There were 156 (52%) males and 144 (48%) females. There were 263 (87.69%) patients who had visual acuity of 6/6 and 37 (12.33%) had 6/9. Mean spherical auto-refraction and subjective refraction was 0.0290 ± 2.58 and -0.2842 ± 2.37 D with mean difference of -0.3133 ± 1.27 D. The mean cylindrical auto and subjective refraction in this study was -.9742 ± 0.78 D and -0.7500 ± 0.81 D and mean difference was 0.2242 ± 0.74 D. The mean cylindrical axis of auto and subjective refraction was 114.88 ± 49.75 and 115.60 ± 49.70 with mean difference as 0.72 ± 3.02 D (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Difference of spherical, cylindrical and cylindrical axis in auto and subjective refraction was significantly different.

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Prevalence and causes of visual impairment amongst older adults in a rural area of North India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018894 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e018894 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sumit Malhotra ◽

Praveen Vashist ◽

Mani Kalaivani ◽

Noopur Gupta ◽

Suraj Singh Senjam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Rural Population ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

North India ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Causes

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, causes and associated factors for visual impairment (VI) in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 50 years and above were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. Presenting visual acuity using LogMAR E chart was measured along with collection of other demographic details as part of the house-to-house survey. Subjective refraction and torch light examination were performed at a clinic site within the village to ascertain VI and its cause. VI was considered when presenting visual acuity was less than 6/18 in the better eye. Common causes of VI viz uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, central corneal opacity and others were noted by optometrists. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for determining associated factors with VI.ResultsOut of 2025 enumerated adults, 1690 (83.5%) were examined at the household level and 1575 (78%) completed all study procedures. The prevalence of VI was found to be 24.5% (95% CI 21.1 to 26.3) and blindness was 5% (95% CI 3.9 to 6.1). The most common causes of VI were uncorrected refractive errors (50%) and cataract (37%). The VI in study participants was found to be associated with age, gender, marital and educational status.ConclusionsVI is still a public health problem in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana. Provision of spectacles and cataract surgical services are simple interventions to address this issue.

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The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among School Children at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2017/9326108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Haile Fentahun Darge ◽

Getahun Shibru ◽

Abiy Mulugeta ◽

Yinebeb Mezgebu Dagnachew

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Low Vision ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Care Service ◽

Health Care Service ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. Visual impairment and blindness are major public health problems in developing countries where there is no enough health-care service. Objective. To determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children. Materials and Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June 2015 and 30 November 2015 at Arada subcity primary schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Two schools were selected randomly, and 378 students were screened from grades 1 to 8 using systematic random sampling method. Snellen chart was used for visual acuity test. Students who had visual acuity of ≤6/12 were further examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose the reason for low vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 378 students were screened, and 192 (50.8%) were females and the remaining 186 (49.2%) were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VA) of ≤6/12 on either eye was 5.8%, VA < 6/18 on either eye was 1.1%, and VA < 6/18 on the better eye was 0.53%. In this study, color blindness [OR: 19.65, 95% CI (6.01–64.33)] was significantly associated with visual acuity impairment. Conclusion. The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area was 5.8% and school screening is recommended.

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Prevalence of Undescended Testis in Tehran and the Main Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study

Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research ◽

10.5812/amh.111132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Alimohammad Fakhr Yasseri ◽

Hossein Dialameh ◽

Farshad Namdari ◽

Ghazal Shariatpanahi ◽

Maryam Veisizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Undescended Testis ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Average Birth Weight ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Maternal Hypertension

Background: Undescended testis (UDT) is the most common abnormality of the male genital system. To date, no study has been carried out to determine the prevalence of UDT and its risk factors in Tehran. This study aimed to determine the frequency of cryptorchidism and its risk factors in male infants who were born at three university hospitals in Tehran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on boys born at three major university hospitals (Baharlou, Yas, and Ziaeian Hospitals) in Tehran between 2016 and 2018. All of the newborns were examined on the first or second day of birth. Demographic data were collected using hospital databases after getting permission. Also, the pregnancy care card was used to collect maternal complications of pregnancy, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, eclampsia, fetal malignancy, preterm, and late delivery. Results: A total of 1,350 boys were evaluated. Eleven (0.81%) boys had UDT. There were statistically significant associations between UDT and maternal hypertension, presence of other congenital anomalies, infection during pregnancy, fetal presentation, and type of delivery. The average birth weight and gestational age were lower in patients with UDT than in healthy infants. Conclusions: The prevalence of UDT in Tehran was much lower than in previously reported rates in other areas. Factor analysis showed that cryptorchidism was associated with the markers of poor fetal development.

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Assessment of visual problems in elderly in an urban slum community of Mumbai

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.2.4.9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (04) ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

Vinod S. Kamble ◽

Aparna Y. Takpere ◽

Santosh Biradar ◽

Sriniwas Reddy

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Low Vision ◽

The Elderly ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Visual Disability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Problems ◽

Slum Community

Background: Visual problems in the elderly share a major portion of the disability in the elderly. Visual impairment in the elderly can interfere with daily activities tremendously leading to dependence in many things. It can also lead to accidents and falls. Hence a study was carried out in an urban slum community at Mumbai to assess the various visual problems in the elderly, its causes and the prevalence. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study of the elderly persons residing in an urban slum of Mumbai. Results: 65.54% (426) people had visual disability. Of 426 people with visual impairment 405(95.07%) people had low vision and 21 (4.93%) were blind. It was observed that errors of refraction (63.85%) and cataract (18.31%) were the most common cause of visual impairment. Conclusion: Visual impairment and disability is a major problem of the elderly. Errors of refraction and Cataract are the major causes for this disability which can be treated, thus preventing visual handicap and dependency.

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Refractive errors and visual impairment among children and adolescents in southernmost China

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01993-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Peng ◽

Ling Gao ◽

Yunyan Zheng ◽

Yanan Dai ◽

Qing Xie

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

High Myopia ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Spherical Equivalent ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Refractive errors and visual impairment in southernmost China have not been reported previously. We aim to investigate and determine the age-specific prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and visual impairment based on a large population cross-sectional study in Hainan area of southernmost tropical province in China. Methods A population-based sample of 31,524 children aged 6–15 years from Hainan was assessed. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity (VA) analyses were performed on all participants and a subgroup of participants undergoing cycloplegia. Results Of all participants, 23.0% presented uncorrected VA (UCVA) was worse than 20/40 in worse eye, 6.0% presented mild presenting visual acuity impairment (PVAI), 7.0% presented moderate PVAI, 0.2% presented severe PVAI in the better eye, and 46.9% presented abnormal UCVA [worse than 20/25 (≥ 6, < 8 years old) and worse than 20/20 (≥ 8 years and older)] at least in one eye. The overall prevalence of myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 0.50 D] and high myopia (SE ≤ − 6.00 D) were 46.0%, 1.0% respectively. Hyperopia [SE ≥ + 1.00 D (≥ 7 years old) and SE ≥ + 2.00 D (≥ 6, < 7 years old)] and significant hyperopia (SE ≥ + 3.00 D) were 4.2 and 0.6%, respectively. Astigmatism [cylinder ≥ 1.00 D (≥ 7 years old) and ≥ 1.75 D (≥ 6, < 7 years old)] was found in 31.9%. Conclusions Myopia was the most common refractive error in southernmost province in China (Hainan). Its prevalence increased with age, while hyperopia prevalence showed a decreasing trend. However, myopia, especially high myopia prevalence was much lower than in other urban regions across China.

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Screening of Primary School Children for Amblyopia and Amblyogenic Factors in Central Cairo, Egypt

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2018/8425319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad A. Rashad ◽

Khaled M. Abd Elaziz ◽

Samah Mahmoud Fawzy ◽

Ahmed Abdel Meguid Abdel latif ◽

Mahmoud Abdel Meguid Abdel latif

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cutoff Value ◽

Ophthalmologic Examination

Objective. To measure the prevalence of amblyopia and amblyogenic factors among primary school children and to evaluate distance visual acuity (VA) as a screening test to detect amblyopia and define its cutoff value. Subjects and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on primary school children in two schools in Central Cairo. Children underwent assessment of visual acuity using Landolt broken ring. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examination was performed for amblyopia suspects at the Ophthalmology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals, including reassessment of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the same chart. Results. A total of 352 children were examined. Reduced screening VA (amblyopia suspect) was detected in 47 subjects (13.35%) proved amblyopia after comprehensive examination was 1.98% (7 cases). Refractive errors (REs) were present in all suspected and proved amblyopia cases (100%) but was only present in 11.6% of nonamblyopic students (P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperopia in the whole sample was 3.6%, and was 27.6% in subjects with RE. Thirty percent of hyperopic eyes were amblyopic. The prevalence of myopia was 9.3% of the whole sample and 70% of students with RE. Only 9% of myopic eyes were amblyopic. Mild to moderate amblyopia (VA better than 0.2log MAR) was 42.9%, while severe amblyopia represented 57.1%. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of school-based eye care system targeting the detection of amblyopia by application of a fast screening distance VA test with a cutoff value of high sensitivity at log MAR 0.539 (Snellen′s VA equivalent 6/18).

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Ultraviolet-related ocular problems in children living on the coast of Southwest Sumba, Indonesia

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi58.3.2018.128-32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 128-32

Author(s):

Ratna Sitompul ◽

Rita Sitorus ◽

Julie Barliana ◽

Rossalyn Andrisa ◽

Budiman Prakoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Uv Exposure ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Signs

Background A previous study has shown a high proportion of visual impairment and blindness in the adults of Southwest Sumba, Indonesia due to ultraviolet-radiation (UVR)- related ocular problems, such as cataract and pterygium. Currently, there is no data regarding the effect of ultraviolet (UV) exposure on children and its future implications. Objective To seek the predisposing factors of UVR ocular problems in the children of Southwest Sumba. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Perokonda Village, Southwest Sumba in May 2017. A total of 337 children <16 years old were examined for ocular problems by ophthalmologists. Subjects with ocular problems were then treated accordingly. Results Visual acuity was normal in 98.2% of subjects. Visual impairment and blindness were found in 1.2% and 0.3% of subjects, respectively. Ocular problems were found in 38%, consisting of conjunctival pigment deposits (60.2%), pinguecula (15.6%), and pterygium (13.3%). The UVR ocular problems constituted 33.8% of all ocular problems, comprising conjunctival pigment deposits (22.8%), pinguecula (6%), and pterygium (5%). Conclusion The proportion of UVR ocular problems in the children of Perokonda village is 34.5%, the most common of which being conjunctival pigment deposits. Such deposits may be early signs of UVR ocular problems. This study serves as a platform to highlight the possible relationship between pigment deposits and future UVR ocular problems, which warrants further study.

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