scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Mysak ◽  
Stepan Podzimek ◽  
Pavla Sommerova ◽  
Yelena Lyuya-Mi ◽  
Jirina Bartova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cell Numbers

Porphyromonas gingivalisis a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of one of the main periodontal pathogens—Porphyromonas gingivalis.This bacterium, along withTreponema denticolaandTannerella forsythia, constitute the “red complex,” a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. This review outlinesPorphyromonas gingivalisstructure, its metabolism, its ability to colonize the epithelial cells, and its influence upon the host immunity.

scholarly journals Virulence of the Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Is Controlled by the CRISPR-Cas Protein Cas3

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Solbiati ◽  
Ana Duran-Pinedo ◽  
Fernanda Godoy Rocha ◽  
Frank C. Gibson ◽  
Jorge Frias-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Polymicrobial Disease

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen of periodontitis, a polymicrobial disease characterized by a chronic inflammation that destroys the tissues supporting the teeth. Thus, understanding the virulence potential of P. gingivalis is essential to maintaining a healthy oral microbiome. In nonoral organisms, CRISPR-Cas systems have been shown to modulate a variety of microbial processes, including protection from exogenous nucleic acids, and, more recently, have been implicated in bacterial virulence. Previously, our clinical findings identified activation of the CRISPR-Cas system in patient samples at the transition to disease; however, the mechanism of contribution to disease remained unknown. The importance of the present study resides in that it is becoming increasingly clear that CRISPR-associated proteins have broader functions than initially thought and that those functions now include their role in the virulence of periodontal pathogens. Studying a P. gingivalis cas3 mutant, we demonstrate that at least one of the CRISPR-Cas systems is involved in the regulation of virulence during infection.

scholarly journals Subgingival Microbial Profile And Production Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Chronic Periodontitis

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velichka T. Dosseva-Panova ◽  
Christina L. Popova ◽  
Vladimir E. Panov
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

ABSTRACT This review examines literature data concerning the bacterial findings in chronic periodontitis depending on pocket depth, and presents the latest published information on the presence of proinflammatory factors in periodontal environment. It has been found that chronic periodontitis affects as much as 80% of the middle-aged population; by comparison, the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis reaches up to 1-1.5%. It is accepted that this social disease is multifactorial in etiology, but the evidence in the literature suggests that the levels of specifi c Gram-negative organisms in subgingival plaque biofilm play a major role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Of the many bacterial species inhabiting the periodontal environment, three types - Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Treponema denticola (TD), Tannerella forsythia (TF) - are strongly associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Microbiological studies suggest that Porphyromonas gingivalis should be considered a major etiologic agent. Currently, Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. On the other hand, the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis may be related to the severity of the disease and thus modify the therapeutic plan. The increased amount of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival area can activate a cascade of defense mechanisms of the body associated with the production of factors causing infl ammation and destruction, which suggests a correlation between the bacterial findings and the body response implemented by enhancing the local cytokine expression. Studies in the literature show that the presence of certain micro-organisms in the periodontal environment is associated to increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the gingival fluid and gingival tissue. These levels have been associated with destructive tissues response. There is little evidence in the literature on the correlation of the levels of periodontal pathogens of sites with different pocket depth with periodontal disease activity defined by the degree of the proinflammatory cytokine expression such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6 ).

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis and its impact on periodontal health and systemic diseases. A concise review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Pablo Jasma ◽  
Patricio Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Systemic Health

Periodontitis is defined as a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, associated to a dysbiotic biofilm and characterized by the progressive destruction of the periodontal attachment. Clinical studies have revealed the presence of 10 to 15 bacterial species that are potential periodontal pathogens in adults. From these, the most cited are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. The aim of this article is to review P. gingivalis’ characteristics and impact on periodontal and systemic health. Different studies have reported a relation between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal disease. P. gingivalis was one of the most frequently detected species in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. This is due to its unique ability to avoid the host’s immune response and contribute to the development of the destructive process. P. gingivalis, although only present in low frequency, is pathogenic because of its ability to induce dysbiotic microbial communities. There is more evidence that P. gingivalis might invade cardiovascular cells and tissues causing inflammation. It has been suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the development of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The repeated exposure to P. gingivalis, produces neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and formation of intra and extracellular amyloid plaques, which are pathognomonic signs of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Relative quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans high-risk bacterial species in Romanian patients evaluated for periodontal disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosac Ion Constantin ◽  
Ionica Consuel ◽  
Ratiu Attila Cristian ◽  
Savu Lorand
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Complex Species

AbstractThree bacterial species pertaining to the red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were investigated in relation to the incidence and severity of periodontal disease. A total of 259 patients were included in this study, 179 being diagnosed with periodontal disease. The gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained from periodontal pockets and the presence and levels of target bacteria were assessed following DNA extraction and real-time quantitative PCR. Our results account for significant positive associations between the number of bacterial species from the red complex coexisting within a patient and several clinical signs (gingival bleeding, inflammation and bone deterioration). A similar positive association was found between bacterial load of the red complex species and the clinical Case Type diagnostic of the periodontal disease, as well as the probing depth with the most evident results for T. denticola. In conclusion, our study, a first for the Romanian population, confirms previous results found elsewhere and finds a possible regional pathogenic specificity for T. denticola as a major factor for periodontitis severity.

scholarly journals Oral Treponema denticola infection induces Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 accumulation in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Su ◽  
Zhiqun Tang ◽  
Yuqiu Liu ◽  
Wanzhi He ◽  
Jiapei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Presenilin 1 ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a central component of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. A growing number of evidences demonstrate close associations between periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) and AD. However, the effect and mechanisms of T. denticola on accumulation of Aβ remain to be unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that T. denticola was able to enter brain and act directly on nerve cells resulting in intra and extracellular Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 accumulation in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice by selectively activating both β-secretase and γ-secretase. Furthermore, both KMI1303, an inhibitor of β- secretase, as well as DAPT, an inhibitor of γ- secretase were found to be able to inhibit the effect of T. denticola on Aβ accumulation in N2a neuronal cells. Overall, it is concluded that T. denticola increases the expression of Aβ1−42 and Aβ1−40 by its regulation on beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 and Presenilin 1.

Multiplex amplification of Target Genes for Periodontal Pathogens in Continuous Flow PCR Microfluidic Chip

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Li ◽  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Chunxian Tao ◽  
Lulu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Multiplex Amplification

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Tannerella forsythia (T.f) are supposed as the major periodontal pathogens induced gingivitis, which affects 50-90% adults worldwide. Microfluidic chip based on continuous flow...

scholarly journals Dynamics of colonization by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in aggressive periodontitis families

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Martin Bonilha ◽  
Renato Correa Viana Casarin ◽  
Aurélio Amorim Reis ◽  
Mabelle Monteiro ◽  
Larissa Bizarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Family Aggregation ◽  
And Gender

Aggressive periodontitis(AgP) is a disease characterized by the presence of periodontal pathogens and family aggregation of cases, possibly related to the vertical transmission of microorganisms. Thus, the project has evaluated the pattern of colonization of some pathogens in children of parents affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis, compared to children of periodontally healthy parents. Five edentulous babies and 15 primary, mixed and permanent dentate children from families with parents affected by AgP were selected and, by a age and gender-matched approach, similar population from eriodontally heath individuals were also selected. From all subjects, saliva was collected, had a DNA extracted and sequenced for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) identification. Results showed a higher prevalence in AgP-family children regarding Td and Tf. denticola in mixed and permanent dentition (p<0.05). In conclusion,the presence of disease in parentes negatively affectthe oral microbiota of their descendants.

scholarly journals Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Fragkioudakis ◽  
Marcello P. Riggio ◽  
Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Dental Biofilm

In the mid-1960s the microbial aetiology of periodontal diseases was introduced based on classical experimental gingivitis studies . Since then, numerous studies have addressed the fundamental role that oral microbiota plays in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Recent advances in laboratory identification techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of the oral microbiome in both health and disease. Modern culture-independent methods such as human oral microbial identification microarray and next-generation sequencing have been used to identify a wide variety of microbial taxa residing in the gingival sulcus and the periodontal pocket. The first theory of the ‘non-specific plaque’ hypothesis gave rise to the ‘ecological plaque’ hypothesis and more recently to the ‘polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis’. Periodontitis is now considered to be a multimicrobial inflammatory disease in which the various bacterial species within the dental biofilm are in a dysbiotic state and this imbalance favours the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions and ultimately the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart from the known putative periodontal pathogens, the whole biofilm community is now considered to play a role in the establishment of inflammation and the initiation and progression of periodontitis in a susceptible host. Treatment is unlikely to eliminate putative pathogens but, when it is thoroughly performed it has the potential to establish a healthy ecosystem by altering the microbial community in numbers and composition and also contribute to the maturation of the host immune response.

Microbiota Associated with Residual Clefts and Neighboring Teeth in Patients with Cleft Lip, Alveolus, and Palate

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mombelli ◽  
Urs Brägger ◽  
Niklaus P. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Twenty patients with residual clefts or pronounced soft tissue grooves, treated for uni- or bilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate were included in this study. Ten patients were recalled for dental prophylaxis at regular intervals, 10 patients were not. One microbiologic sample was obtained from the cleft area and two samples from a tooth adjacent to the cleft (sites adjacent and distant to the cleft). Between the recall and the nonrecall group there were notable differences in the presence of anaerobic Gram-negative organisms. Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella melaninogenica, and P, intermedia were more often found in nonrecall patients. While rarely seen in recall patients, spirochetes and motile rods were a common feature of nonrecall patients. The putative periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were not detected in either group. The differences between the recall and the nonrecall groups were more pronounced when the respective samples from teeth were related to each other than when the samples obtained from the clefts were compared. The cleft flora was less complex irrespective of how good maintenance was and resembled the flora of teeth of well-maintained patients. Samples from clefts were never Wolinella positive, and harbored significantly less Capnocytophaga and Actinomyces viscosus than samples from dental sites.

scholarly journals The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Expression of Transposases and Cell Death of Streptococcus mitis in a Biofilm Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 3374-3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana E. Duran-Pinedo ◽  
Vinesha D. Baker ◽  
Jorge Frias-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTOral microbial communities are extremely complex biofilms with high numbers of bacterial species interacting with each other (and the host) to maintain homeostasis of the system. Disturbance in the oral microbiome homeostasis can lead to either caries or periodontitis, two of the most common human diseases. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by the coordinated action of a complex microbial community, which results in inflammation of tissues that support the teeth. It is the most common cause of tooth loss among adults in the United States, and recent studies have suggested that it may increase the risk for systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. In a recent series of papers, Hajishengallis and coworkers proposed the idea of the “keystone-pathogen” where low-abundance microbial pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis) can orchestrate inflammatory disease by turning a benign microbial community into a dysbiotic one. The exact mechanisms by which these pathogens reorganize the healthy oral microbiome are still unknown. In the present manuscript, we present results demonstrating thatP. gingivalisinducesS. mitisdeath and DNA fragmentation in anin vitrobiofilm system. Moreover, we report here the induction of expression of multiple transposases in aStreptococcus mitisbiofilm when the periodontopathogenP. gingivalisis present. Based on these results, we hypothesize thatP. gingivalisinducesS. mitiscell death by an unknown mechanism, shaping the oral microbiome to its advantage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document