scholarly journals Defluoridation with Locally Produced Thai Bone Char

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yothin Mutchimadilok ◽  
Sunisa Smittakorn ◽  
Surat Mongkolnchai-arunya ◽  
Deanna Durnford
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Synthetic Solution ◽  
Rural Thailand

The fluoride sorption ability of a locally available bone char is quantified. Both a synthetic solution and natural groundwater samples from several sites are studied and compared to Indian bone char, which is widely accepted and used successfully in India and elsewhere. The Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms were used to quantify sorption properties. Results show that the Thai bone char is as effective as the Indian bone char for removing fluoride from contaminated water, despite the more rigid physical and social constraints found in rural Thailand. Sorption studies with fluoride-contaminated natural groundwater samples also show that chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates had little effect on the removal of fluoride by the homemade bone char.

scholarly journals Spent mushroom substrate: a crucial biosorbent for the removal of ferrous iron from groundwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Menaga ◽  
S. Rajakumar ◽  
P. M. Ayyasamy
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
New Approach ◽  
First Order ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract A new approach was carried out with the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus florida on ferrous iron (Fe2+) removal using live, dead and pretreated substrate. In this study, the various dosage levels of SMS namely, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 1.50 g/50 mL were used for the removal of Fe2+ at different time intervals for 90 min. The effect of various temperatures and pH on Fe2+ removal was studied with optimized dosages and time intervals. The biosorption potential of P. florida SMS was checked against the iron-contaminated groundwater collected from in and around Salem, Namakkal and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu. The biosorption data were obtained and analyzed in terms of their kinetic behavior. Among the SMS of P. florida, the live SMS showed potential Fe2+ removal (100%) from aqueous metal solution in all the tested concentrations. SMS of P. florida showed high potential removal of Fe2+ in neutral pH, at room temperature and explored an efficient sorption ability (100%) in the tested water sample (SW10). The adsorption kinetic values fitted very well with pseudo-second-order when comparing with pseudo-first-order reaction. FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis proved the accumulation of Fe2+ by the SMS. The present study confirmed that the live SMS of P. florida may serve as a potential and eco-friendly biosorbent for removal of Fe2+ from the iron-contaminated water. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Homemade bone charcoal adsorbent for defluoridation of groundwater in Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunisa Smittakorn ◽  
Nithat Jirawongboonrod ◽  
Surat Mongkolnchai-arunya ◽  
Deanna Durnford
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
First Order ◽  
Social Resistance ◽  
Bone Charcoal ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Fresh Bone ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

High levels of fluoride in groundwater are a significant environmental and health problem in Thailand, as in many parts of the world. Small household defluoridators have several advantages over centralized treatment systems. In Thailand, however, use of bone char for water treatment has met resistance because of objectionable taste and odours of the water produced and the social resistance to handling fresh bone. This paper presents a method that uses bone charcoal as an absorbent for removing fluoride from groundwater. The commercially provided boiled bone is burned in a simple homemade furnace that can be constructed, operated and maintained easily by small rural householders. The method to produce the Thai bone char eliminates the odour and objectionable taste and also does not require the user to handle fresh bone, thus eliminating the social resistance. To evaluate the efficacy of the absorbent, batch experiments compare Thai and Indian bone char. Sorption isotherms are fit to the Freundlich and Langmuir equations and the kinetics are modelled using the pseudo first-order Lagergren equation. Results show that the sorption characteristics of Thai bone char compare favourably with the Indian bone char, with approximately 80% of the fluoride removed in both cases.

scholarly journals Quaternization of Composite Algal/PEI Beads for Enhanced Uranium Sorption—Application to Ore Acidic Leachate

Gels ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. Hamza ◽  
Amal E. Mubark ◽  
Yuezou Wei ◽  
Thierry Vincent ◽  
Eric Guibal
Keyword(s):  
Ph Effect ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Yellow Cake ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Protonated Amine ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Pre Treatment

The necessity to recover uranium from dilute solutions (for environmental/safety and resource management) is driving research towards developing new sorbents. This study focuses on the enhancement of U(VI) sorption properties of composite algal/Polyethylenimine beads through the quaternization of the support (by reaction with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride). The sorbent is fully characterized by FTIR, XPS for confirming the contribution of protonated amine and quaternary ammonium groups on U(VI) binding (with possible contribution of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, depending on the pH). The sorption properties are investigated in batch with reference to pH effect (optimum value: pH 4), uptake kinetics (equilibrium: 40 min) and sorption isotherms (maximum sorption capacity: 0.86 mmol U g−1). Metal desorption (with 0.5 M NaCl/0.5 M HCl) is highly efficient and the sorbent can be reused for five cycles with limited decrease in performance. The sorbent is successfully applied to the selective recovery of U(VI) from acidic leachate of uranium ore, after pre-treatment (cementation of copper, precipitation of rare earth elements with oxalate, and precipitation of iron). A pure yellow cake is obtained after precipitation of the eluate.

Removal of Anions from Solution by Calcined Hydrotalcite and Regeneration of Used Sorbent in Repeated Calcination-Rehydration-Anion Exchange Processes

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1517-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Kovanda ◽  
Eva Kovácsová ◽  
David Koloušek
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Layered Crystal ◽  
Calcined Hydrotalcite ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Subsequent Calcination ◽  
Rehydration Process

Synthetic hydrotalcite calcined at 350-550 °C was used for the removal of arsenate, chromate, and vanadate ions from water solutions. The initial anion concentrations were 0.002 mol l-1. The sorption isotherms were measured at 20 °C and at neutral pH. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used for the sorption capacity evaluation. The ability of the calcined hydrotalcite to remove the anions from solution decreased in the order of vanadate - arsenate - chromate. The hydrotalcite calcined at 450 °C exhibited the best sorption ability for all the anions. The sorbed anions were released by anion exchange in a carbonate-containing solution and the hydrotalcite after subsequent calcination was used again for the removal of anions. The repeating cycles calcination-rehydration-anion exchange gradually reduced the adsorption capacity of the hydrotalcite. The sorption capacity decreased by 50% after the first two cycles but it did not change significantly in the subsequent cycles. When chromate anions were adsorbed, the decrease in sorption capacity was not observed during repeated calcination-rehydration-anion exchange cycles. The change in the sorption capacity was influenced by the ability of calcined hydrotalcite to regenerate the layered crystal structure during the rehydration process.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Polymers by Click Polymerization Reaction and Gas Sorption Property

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Ru Song ◽  
Wen-Gui Duan ◽  
Dian-Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sorption Property ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Gas Sorption ◽  
Click Polymerization ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Angle Spinning

Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are promising materials for gas sorption because of their intrinsic and permanent porosity, designable framework, and low density. The introduction of nitrogen-rich building block in MOPs will greatly enhance the gas sorption capacity. Here, we report the synthesis of MOPs from the 2,4,6-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine unit and aromatic azides linkers by click polymerization reaction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solid-state 13C CP-MAS (Cross Polarization-Magic Angle Spinning) NMR confirm the formation of the polymers. CMOP-1 and CMOP-2 exhibit microporous networks with a BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface area of 431 m2·g−1 and 406 m2·g−1 and a narrow pore size distribution under 1.2 nm. Gas sorption isotherms including CO2 and H2 were measured. CMOP-1 stores a superior CO2 level of 1.85 mmol·g−1 at 273 K/1.0 bar, and an H2 uptake of up to 2.94 mmol·g−1 at 77 K/1.0 bar, while CMOP-2, with its smaller surface area, shows a lower CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.64 mmol·g−1 and an H2 uptake of 2.48 mmol·g−1. In addition, I2 vapor adsorption was tested at 353 K. CMOP-1 shows a higher gravimetric load of 160 wt%. Despite the moderate surface area, the CMOPs display excellent sorption ability for CO2 and I2 due to the nitrogen-rich content in the polymers.

scholarly journals Sorption of medical preparations by chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 06025
Author(s):  
Anna Beliaeva ◽  
Galina Nianikova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Sorption

The article provides information about sorption properties of crab chitosan in relation to Analgin, Aspirin, Quamatel, Mydocalm, Paracetamol, Tsifran and Phtalazol. Quantitative determination of medicines’ amount before and after sorption was performed by HPLC-MS method with the preliminary plotting of calibration curves. The sorption capacity of chitosan taken in different concentrations was determined. Sorption isotherms and kinetic curves of medications’ sorption by chitosan were plotted. It has been shown that the maximum degree of sorption in static conditions for all studied medicines was achieved within an hour after the beginning of the sorption process.

Bulgarian natural diatomites: modification and characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paunka Vassileva ◽  
Madlena Apostolova ◽  
Albena Detcheva ◽  
Elisaveta Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
High Sorption Capacity ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Modified Diatomite

AbstractNatural Bulgarian diatomite modified by oxidation with sulfuric acid and H2O2 or by coating with manganese oxide was characterized considering its chemical composition, surface area, pore volume, and structure. Modified diatomites displayed larger surface area and pore volumes in comparison with untreated natural diatomite, which favored their sorption behavior. Sorption properties of diatomites towards Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Pd2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were investigated and their sorption capacities were determined. Sorption properties of manganese oxide-modified diatomite were superior to those of diatomite modified by oxidation. Owing to its high sorption capacity towards Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, the manganese oxide-modified diatomite is a promising low-cost sorbent for selective removal of milligram amounts of these toxic metal ions from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Study of sorption properties of cellulose and its derivatives

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Michael Ioelovich ◽  
Alex Leykin
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Thermodynamic Potential ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic Equation ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
G Value

The sorption of vapors by cellulose samples and by some cellulose derivatives was studied at 25 oC. To describe sorption isotherms, a thermodynamic equation was proposed: A=Ao/[1-(RT/g)lnφ], where Ao is maximal sorption value, φ is relative pressure of vapors, and g is specific thermodynamic potential. Depending on the g -value, this equation can describe isotherms of various shapes that occur for cellulose and its derivatives. Application of the equation makes it possible to calculate such structural characteristics of the polymers as accessible specific surface and crystallinity, as well as the substitution degree of cellulose derivatives. Moreover, amounts of monomolecular and multimolecular fractions of the sorbate can be determined.

Fluoride Sorption Characteristics of Different Grades of Bone Charcoal, Based on Batch Tests

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1310-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Mwaniki
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Sorption Rate ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Bone Charcoal ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Although bone charcoal (char) has been recommended for use in the de-fluoridation of drinking water in developing countries, parameters relating to fluoride (F) sorption characteristics by grade or type of bone char are unclear. Based on batch tests, the rate and capacity of F uptake were highest with black grade, followed by grey grade and lowest with white grade. Twenty-four- hour contact-time F sorption isotherms indicated saturation at capacities of 11.4 mg F per g of black grade, 2.4 mg F per g of grey grade, and less than 0.3 mg F per g of white grade bone char. Additional investigations showed that F-removal efficiency of black grade char decreased steadily with increasing F concentration. Its initial sorption kinetics were dependent on particle size, and the highest sorption rate was observed with particle sizes below 0.42 mm. For maximum sorption rate, the critical mixing time was between five and 15 min. The presence of chloride anions and elevated temperatures increased the rate of F uptake by black bone-char. The pH of distilled water following contact with bone char rose to 11.5 for white bone-char, 8.3 for grey bone-char, and 7.8 for black bone-char. The effects of processing temperature on the availability of intra- and extraapatitic F-binding sites, levels of oxides of calcium and magnesium, and the carbon content were viewed as possible causes of observed variations. These findings suggest that the black grade of bone char was the most efficacious for use in partial de-fluoridation of drinking water.

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