scholarly journals Creatine, L-Carnitine, andω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation from Healthy to Diseased Skeletal Muscle

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe D’Antona ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Nabavi ◽  
Piero Micheletti ◽  
Arianna Di Lorenzo ◽  
Roberto Aquilani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
And Function

Myopathies are chronic degenerative pathologies that induce the deterioration of the structure and function of skeletal muscle. So far a definitive therapy has not yet been developed and the main aim of myopathy treatment is to slow the progression of the disease. Current nonpharmacological therapies include rehabilitation, ventilator assistance, and nutritional supplements, all of which aim to delay the onset of the disease and relieve its symptoms. Besides an adequate diet, nutritional supplements could play an important role in the treatment of myopathic patients. Here we review the most recentin vitroandin vivostudies investigating the role supplementation with creatine, L-carnitine, andω3 PUFAs plays in myopathy treatment. Our results suggest that these dietary supplements could have beneficial effects; nevertheless continued studies are required before they could be recommended as a routine treatment in muscle diseases.

scholarly journals IL-4 and SDF-1 Increase Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cell Ability to Improve Rat Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3302
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zimowska ◽  
Karolina Archacka ◽  
Edyta Brzoska ◽  
Joanna Bem ◽  
Areta M. Czerwinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Myogenic Factors ◽  
And Function

Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the satellite cells, which, in response to injury, activate, proliferate, and reconstruct damaged tissue. However, under certain conditions, such as large injuries or myopathies, these cells might not sufficiently support repair. Thus, other cell populations, among them adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), are tested as a tool to improve regeneration. Importantly, the pro-regenerative action of such cells could be improved by various factors. In the current study, we tested whether IL-4 and SDF-1 could improve the ability of ADSCs to support the regeneration of rat skeletal muscles. We compared their effect at properly regenerating fast-twitch EDL and poorly regenerating slow-twitch soleus. To this end, ADSCs subjected to IL-4 and SDF-1 were analyzed in vitro and also in vivo after their transplantation into injured muscles. We tested their proliferation rate, migration, expression of stem cell markers and myogenic factors, their ability to fuse with myoblasts, as well as their impact on the mass, structure and function of regenerating muscles. As a result, we showed that cytokine-pretreated ADSCs had a beneficial effect in the regeneration process. Their presence resulted in improved muscle structure and function, as well as decreased fibrosis development and a modulated immune response.

scholarly journals Blockade of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Summermatter ◽  
Anais Bouzan ◽  
Eliane Pierrel ◽  
Stefan Melly ◽  
Daniela Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Intracellular Zinc ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Zinc Storage

ABSTRACT Metallothioneins are proteins that are involved in intracellular zinc storage and transport. Their expression levels have been reported to be elevated in several settings of skeletal muscle atrophy. We therefore investigated the effect of metallothionein blockade on skeletal muscle anabolism in vitro and in vivo. We found that concomitant abrogation of metallothioneins 1 and 2 results in activation of the Akt pathway and increases in myotube size, in type IIb fiber hypertrophy, and ultimately in muscle strength. Importantly, the beneficial effects of metallothionein blockade on muscle mass and function was also observed in the setting of glucocorticoid addition, which is a strong atrophy-inducing stimulus. Given the blockade of atrophy and the preservation of strength in atrophy-inducing settings, these results suggest that blockade of metallothioneins 1 and 2 constitutes a promising approach for the treatment of conditions which result in muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals Multiplatform Physiologic and Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals Microbial Toxicity

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Cai ◽  
Robert G. Nichols ◽  
Imhoi Koo ◽  
Zachary A. Kalikow ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Metabolic Phenotyping ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota is susceptible to modulation by environmental stimuli and therefore can serve as a biological sensor. Recent evidence suggests that xenobiotics can disrupt the interaction between the microbiota and host. Here, we describe an approach that combinesin vitromicrobial incubation (isolated cecal contents from mice), flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry- and1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to evaluate xenobiotic-induced microbial toxicity. Tempol, a stabilized free radical scavenger known to remodel the microbial community structure and functionin vivo, was studied to assess its direct effect on the gut microbiota. The microbiota was isolated from mouse cecum and was exposed to tempol for 4 h under strict anaerobic conditions. The flow cytometry data suggested that short-term tempol exposure to the microbiota is associated with disrupted membrane physiology as well as compromised metabolic activity. Mass spectrometry and NMR metabolomics revealed that tempol exposure significantly disrupted microbial metabolic activity, specifically indicated by changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, amino acids, nucleotides, glucose, and oligosaccharides. In addition, a mouse study with tempol (5 days gavage) showed similar microbial physiologic and metabolic changes, indicating that thein vitroapproach reflectedin vivoconditions. Our results, through evaluation of microbial viability, physiology, and metabolism and a comparison ofin vitroandin vivoexposures with tempol, suggest that physiologic and metabolic phenotyping can provide unique insight into gut microbiota toxicity.IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiota is modulated physiologically, compositionally, and metabolically by xenobiotics, potentially causing metabolic consequences to the host. We recently reported that tempol, a stabilized free radical nitroxide, can exert beneficial effects on the host through modulation of the microbiome community structure and function. Here, we investigated a multiplatform phenotyping approach that combines high-throughput global metabolomics with flow cytometry to evaluate the direct effect of tempol on the microbiota. This approach may be useful in deciphering how other xenobiotics directly influence the microbiota.

scholarly journals Effect of lycorine on the structure and function of hepatoma cell membrane in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosong Xin ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Shiyong Gao ◽  
Zheng Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Polyphenol Pterostilbene Ameliorates the Myopathic Phenotype of Collagen VI Deficient Mice via Autophagy Induction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Metti ◽  
Lisa Gambarotto ◽  
Martina Chrisam ◽  
Martina La Spina ◽  
Martina Baraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Collagen Vi ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Muscle Remodeling

The induction of autophagy, the catabolic pathway by which damaged or unnecessary cellular components are subjected to lysosome-mediated degradation and recycling, is impaired in Collagen VI (COL6) null mice and COL6-related myopathies. This autophagic impairment causes an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which in turn leads to myofiber degeneration. Our previous work showed that reactivation of autophagy in COL6-related myopathies is beneficial for muscle structure and function both in the animal model and in patients. Here we show that pterostilbene (Pt)—a non-toxic polyphenol, chemically similar to resveratrol but with a higher bioavailability and metabolic stability—strongly promotes in vivo autophagic flux in the skeletal muscle of both wild-type and COL6 null mice. Reactivation of autophagy in COL6-deficient muscles was also paralleled by several beneficial effects, including significantly decreased incidence of spontaneous apoptosis, recovery of ultrastructural defects and muscle remodeling. These findings point at Pt as an effective autophagy-inducing nutraceutical for skeletal muscle with great potential in counteracting the major pathogenic hallmarks of COL6-related myopathies, a valuable feature that may be also beneficial in other muscle pathologies characterized by defective regulation of the autophagic machinery.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Antimuscarinics on the Bladder Remodeling After Bladder Outlet Obstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Deyi Luo ◽  
Tongxin Yang ◽  
Banghua Liao ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bladder Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
M3 Receptors ◽  
And Function

Background/Aims: Overactive bladder associated with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a highly prevalent condition, which is usually treated with antimuscarinics. However, the potential effects of antimuscarinics on the structure and function of bladder have not been investigated thus far. Methods: Sprague-Dawley(R) rats accepted bladder neck obstruction surgery or sham surgery, and then received treatment of three different antimuscarinics (Solifenacin, Darifenacin, and Tolterodine) or vehicle. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks, the bladder function and structure were measured. The effect of antimuscarinics on cellular alteration in vitro was observed under mechanical stimulation. Bladder morphology were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the bladder function were investigated by cystometry and strip contractility test. The expression of muscarinic receptors and inflammatory cytokines were measured by PCR and Western blotting. Results: Here we demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that antimuscarinics are protective regulators for the bladder structure and function. Antimuscarinics decrease the weight of bladders with BOO. Antimuscarinics improve the voiding parameter and enhance the contraction of bladder smooth muscle. The results also show that antimuscarinics inhibit the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle cells both in vivo and in vitro, it can reduce the collagen deposition and inflammatory cytokines in bladders with BOO. During this process, the expression of M2 and M3 receptors was altered by antimuscarinics. Conclusion: Antimuscarinics could reverse the structural and functional changes of BOO bladder wall at cellular and tissue level, and the alteration of M2 and M3 receptors may be involved in this biological process.

scholarly journals Overexpression of cofilin stimulates bundling of actin filaments, membrane ruffling, and cell movement in Dictyostelium.

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Aizawa ◽  
K Sutoh ◽  
I Yahara
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Membrane Ruffling ◽  
And Function

Cofilin is a low molecular weight actin-modulating protein whose structure and function are conserved among eucaryotes. Cofilin exhibits in vitro both a monomeric actin-sequestering activity and a filamentous actin-severing activity. To investigate in vivo functions of cofilin, cofilin was overexpressed in Dictyostelium discoideum cells. An increase in the content of D. discoideum cofilin (d-cofilin) by sevenfold induced a co-overproduction of actin by threefold. In cells over-expressing d-cofilin, the amount of filamentous actin but not that of monomeric actin was increased. Overexpressed d-cofilin co-sedimented with actin filaments, suggesting that the sequestering activity of d-cofilin is weak in vivo. The overexpression of d-cofilin increased actin bundles just beneath ruffling membranes where d-cofilin was co-localized. The overexpression of d-cofilin also stimulated cell movement as well as membrane ruffling. We have demonstrated in vitro that d-cofilin transformed latticework of actin filaments cross-linked by alpha-actinin into bundles probably by severing the filaments. D. discoideum cofilin may sever actin filaments in vivo and induce bundling of the filaments in the presence of cross-linking proteins so as to generate contractile systems involved in membrane ruffling and cell movement.

scholarly journals Purification of desmin from adult mammalian skeletal muscle

1981 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M O'Shea ◽  
R M Robson ◽  
M K Hartzer ◽  
T W Huiatt ◽  
W E Rathbun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cytoskeletal Function ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
And Function ◽  
Filament Protein

A method has been developed for preparation of purified desmin from mature mammalian (porcine) skeletal muscle. A crude desmin-containing fraction was prepared by modification of procedures used for isolation of smooth-muscle intermediate-filament protein [Small & Sobieszek (1977) J. Cell Sci. 23, 243-268]. The desmin was extracted in 1 M-acetic acid/20 mM-NaCl at 4 degrees C for 15h from the residue remaining after actomyosin extraction from washed myofibrils. Successive chromatography on hydroxyapatite and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B in 6M-urea yielded desmin that was routinely more than 97% 55 000-dalton protein and that had no detectable actin contamination. Removal of urea by dialysis against 10mM-Tris/acetate (pH 8.5)/1 mM dithioerythritol and subsequent clarification at 134 000 g (rav. 5.9 cm) for 1 h results in a clear desmin solution. Dialysis of purified desmin against 100 mM-NaCl/1 mM-MgCl2/10 mM-imidazole/HCl, pH 7.0, at 2 degrees C resulted in the formation of synthetic desmin filaments have an average diameter of 9-11.5 nm. The present studies demonstrate that the relatively small amount of desmin in mature skeletal muscle can be isolated in sufficient quantity and purity to permit detailed studies of its properties and function. Although 10nm filaments have not been unequivocally demonstrated in mature muscle in vivo, that the purified skeletal-muscle desmin will form 10 nm filaments in vitro lends support to their possible existence and cytoskeletal function in mature skeletal-muscle cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document