scholarly journals Muscular Damage and Kidney Function in Rugby Players after Daily Whole Body Cryostimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lombardi ◽  
Alessandra Colombini ◽  
Simone Porcelli ◽  
Clara Mauri ◽  
Viviana Zani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Muscular Damage

Muscular damage, consequent to strenuous activities, could exceed the recovery potential of muscles and determine renal failure. Whole body cryostimulation is a cold-based therapy used to improve recovery or overcome fatigue symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated sessions of cryostimulation on muscle damage, renal function, and their relationship. Serum samples, from 27 elite rugby players, under training, before and after 2 sessions/day of cryotherapy over 7 days, were tested for markers of muscular (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase) and renal (creatinine, cystatin C) functions. eGFR was calculated with two formulas based on either serum creatinine concentration (MDRD) or serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations (creatinine/cystatin C CKD EPI). Pre- and posttreatment differences were determined by Wilcoxon’s test; correlations were evaluated with Spearman’s test. Cryostimulation helped muscular recovery (increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (P<0.001) and the stabile creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities). Creatinine was unaffected while cystatin C was increased (P=0.013). Creatinine-based eGFR was not affected by cryostimulation, while creatinine/cystatin C-based eGFR showed a slight decrease (P=0.015). eGFR and muscular biomarkers were not correlated, suggesting a real recovery effect of cryotherapy. Cystatin C seemed more sensible than creatinine in evaluating the kidney function.

Production and certification of secondary enzyme reference materials (ERMs). Part 1: Preparation of the sera and some of their properties.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1901-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Koedam ◽  
G M Steentjes ◽  
S Buitenhuis ◽  
E Schmidt ◽  
R Klauke
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Clinical Enzymology

Abstract We produced three batches of a human-serum-based enzyme reference material (ERM) enriched with human aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). The added enzymes were not exhaustively purified; thus the final ERMs contained some enzymes as contaminants, of which only glutamate dehydrogenase activity might interfere. The stability during storage and after reconstitution was good. The commutability of the four enzymes in the three ERM batches was also good, except when German or Scandinavian methods for aminotransferases were involved. The temperature-conversion factors for the ERMs were equivalent to those for patients' sera. Reactivation after reconstitution was complete within 5 min and was independent of the temperature of the reconstitution fluid. We believe that these secondary ERMs will aid in the transfer of accuracy between well-defined reference methods and daily working methods so that clinical enzymology results will become more comparable from laboratory to laboratory.

scholarly journals Local myotoxicity of ketamine hydrochloride in the marmoset

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Davy ◽  
P. N. Trennery ◽  
J. G. Edmunds ◽  
J. F. B. Altman ◽  
D. A. Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Plasma Enzyme ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Injection Procedure

An investigation of raised plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in marmosets after intramuscular ketamine injection suggested a local myotoxicity. This was confirmed by a range of histopathological findings from myofibrillar striation loss to necrosis. In addition to the elevations in AST levels, creatine kinase and the lactate dehydrogenase-5 isoenzyme levels were elevated. It was further demonstrated that, although the physical properties of the injectable solution (pH, osmolality) and to a lesser extent the injection procedure itself caused slight changes in plasma enzyme levels, the ketamine was predominantly responsible for the lesion. No hepatic interactions were seen. This effect should be taken into consideration when this anaesthetic is used in the marmoset if the primary objectives of the experiment entail routine blood analyses.

Improved column method for separating lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 2.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Column Method ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes

Abstract Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes 1 and 2 in human serum were separated on a column of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex. Samples layered on mini-columns were eluted with buffered sodium chloride (100, 150, and 200 mmol/liter). Lactate dehydrogenase activity in column effluents was measured by the Wacker method, and their isoenzyme content was evaluated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Results for column-fractionated LD-1 and LD-2 were expressed in two ways: LD-1/LD-2 ratios and total LD-1 + LD-2 activities. The former is a more specific indicator of myocardial infarction than the latter. Sera from 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction (increased creatine kinease isoenzyme MB activity) exhibited ratios in the range of 0.92 to 1.56, ratios for 10 patients without heart disease (normal creatine kinase MB) ranged from 0.33 to 0.69.

STUDY OF SERUM NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN CONCENTERATIONS AS A MARKER OF RENAL FUNCTION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
G.G. Kaushik ◽  
Shubham Maheshwari ◽  
Ankita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Introduction: Serum lipocalin 2 serve as a marker for kidney function. Lipocalin 2 is found in both CKD and kidney injury and it rises in acute kidney injury (AKI) and in patients have faster decline in kidney function. Aims And Objectives: To nd out correlation and assess of serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin 2 (NGAL 2) in patients with stages 2 to 4 of Chronic Kidney disease. The aim of the study was NGAL could represent a novel, sensitive marker of kidney function in adult patients with CKD. Material And Methods: Study involved 120 patients divided in Case group (60 patients) attended medical/ urology OPD or admitted in medical/urology ward of CKD2 – CKD4 while control group – age and sex matched healthy individuals/ stage I CKD patients was taken as control. The plasma/ serum were used for serum urea, creatinine, Cystatin C and lipocalin 2 under all aseptic precaution on receiving consent. Result:The patients of CKD included in study were having glomerulonephritis (46.7%), pyelonephritis (21.7%), diabetic kidney disease (13.3%), polycystic kidney disease (1.7%) and other causes (16.7%). CKD patients demonstrated elevated serum NGAL 159.14 ± 48.73 ng/ml, together with a rise in urea 59.9 ± 17.6 mg/dL, serum creatinine 1.56 ± 0.97 mg/dL and Cystatin C 199 ± 113 ng/ml as compared to control have serum NGAL 76.31 ± 26.34 ng/ml, urea 22.3 ± 5.7 mg/dL, serum creatinine 0.75 ± 0.14 mg/dL and Cystatin C 76 ± 17 ng/ml (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Serum NGAL closely correlates with serum Cystatin C, creatinine, and eGFR, and serve as a potential early and sensitive marker of impaired kidney function/ kidney injury.

scholarly journals Blood Biomarkers of Recovery Efficiency in Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nowakowska ◽  
Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak ◽  
Rafał Buryta ◽  
Robert Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Over Time

Physical exercise strongly affects human metabolism and causes biochemical changes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between routine plasma biomarker levels and recovery efficiency in soccer players during an entire competitive match season. The players participating in the study were divided into a midfielder/defender group (seven midfielders and seven defenders) and a goalie/substitute group (six persons—goalkeepers and players with a short cumulative match-time). The fasting capillary blood samples were taken 17–24 h after each competitive match. The blood plasma was used to determine the creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, iron and magnesium levels of the athletes. The levels of (AST) (aspartate aminotransferase), (ALT) (alanine aminotransferase) and (Cr) creatinine were higher in the midfielder/defender group than in the control group, but only AST and Cr significantly varied over time (AST decreased, and Cr increased with time). The (LDH) (lactate dehydrogenase) activity and urea level were significantly lower in the midfielder/defender group than in the goalie/substitute group, and it significantly varied over time (LDH decreased, and urea increased with time). No differences in the (CK) creatine kinase and (ALP) alkaline phosphatase activities between the groups was found, although CK increased significantly with time in the midfielder/defender group (particularly midfielders in the spring round). In midfielders, the AST activity and the iron level were significantly lower in the spring than in the autumn round. On the contrary, ALT, CK, urea and magnesium levels were significantly higher in the spring than in autumn round. A long-term measurement of biochemical parameters in elite soccer players indicated that AST, CK, LDH and creatinine levels, when analyzed together, could constitute a useful set of markers for monitoring recovery periods.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Diluents on the Activity of Several Enzymes Present in Serum

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1080
Author(s):  
Ted W Fendley ◽  
Jane M Hochholzer ◽  
Christopher S Frings
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract We have evaluated the effect of diluting serum with water or NaCl solution (8.5 or 9.0 g/liter) before assaying by a manual method for creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activity. The t test and the F test show no significant difference in the accuracy and precision of the assays at the 95% confidence level when 100 different samples were compared for each enzyme activity after use of the three diluents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase for liver abnormalities: a biochemical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Nishant Pujara ◽  
Anand Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Muscular Damage

Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells. LDH catalyses the conversion of lactate to pyruvic acid and back. The aim of the present study was to determine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as an indicator of liver, muscular or cancer abnormalities in patients of more than 40 years of age.Methods: Two hundred and twenty patients had been tested for LDH and liver function tests (LFTs). Creatine kinase (CK) levels were measurement only in patients who had high levels of LDH.Results: High levels of LDH had been observed in many patients suggestive as an indicator of liver abnormalities. For muscular damage, measurement of CK in patients with elevated levels of LDH. Whereas high LDH levels, as an indicator for cancer abnormalities, were found in six males and two female who had normal values of LFTs and CK.Conclusions: LDH can be regarded as a good biomarker for diagnosis of liver, muscular and cancer abnormalities. There is little variable between males and females in the elevated value of LDH. Patients who had high values of LDH and CK are proposed to have unidentified cancer abnormality.

scholarly journals Altered kidney function and acute kidney damage markers predict survival outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A prospective pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Zafer Temiz ◽  
Ibrahim Hacibey ◽  
Ramazan Omer Yazar ◽  
Mehmet Salih Sevdi ◽  
Suat Hayri Kucuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackgroundThe central role in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), called as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infection is attributed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). ACE-2 expressing respiratory system involvement is the main clinical manifestation of the infection. However, literature about the association between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and higher ACE-2 expressing kidney is very limited. In this study, we primarily aimed to investigate whether there is a kidney injury during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The predictive value of kidney injury for survival was also determined.MethodsA total of 47 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The participants were classified as ‘‘COVID-19 patients before treatment’’ ‘‘COVID-19 patients after treatment’’, ‘‘COVID-19 patients under treatment in ICU’’ and ‘‘controls’’. The parameters comorbidity, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, CKD-EPI eGFR levels, KIM-1 and NGAL levels, urine KIM-1/creatinine and NGAL/creatinine ratios were statistically compared between the groups. The associations between covariates including kidney disease indicators and death from COVID-19 were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsSerum creatinine and cystatin C levels, urine KIM-1/creatinine levels, and CKD-EPI, CKD-EPI cystatin C and CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C eGFR levels exhibited significant difference in the groups. The causes of the difference were more altered kidney function and increased acute kidney damage in COVID-19 patients before treatment and under treatment in ICU. Additionally, incidences of comorbidity and proteinuria in the urine analysis were higher in the COVID-19 patients under treatment in ICU group. Urine KIM-1/creatinine ratio and proteinuria were associated with COVID-19 specific death.ConclusionsWe found that COVID-19 patients under treatment in ICU exhibited extremely higher levels of serum cystatin C, and urine KIM-1/creatinine and urine NGAL/creatinine ratios. These results clearly described the acute kidney damage by COVID-19 using molecular kidney damage markers for the first time in the literature. Lowered CKD-EPI, CKD-EPI cystatin C and CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C eGFR levels were determined in them, as well. Urine KIM-1/creatinine ratio and proteinuria were associated with COVID-19 specific death. In this regard, considering kidney function and kidney damage markers must not be ignored in the COVID-19 patients, and serial monitoring of them should be considered.

scholarly journals Serum Creatinine and Serum Cystatin C are Both Relevant Renal Markers to Estimate Vancomycin Clearance in Critically Ill Neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Leroux ◽  
Valérie Biran ◽  
John van den Anker ◽  
Verena Gotta ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Model Based

Purpose: Serum creatinine (SCr) is used as a marker of kidney function to guide dosing of renally eliminated drugs. Serum Cystatin C (S-CysC) has been suggested as a more reliable kidney marker than SCr in adults and children. Purpose of this study was to investigate S-CysC as alternative renal marker to SCr for estimating vancomycin clearance in neonates undergoing intensive care.Methods: Vancomycin pharmacokinetics (PK), SCr and S-CysC data were collected in patients undergoing vancomycin treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of Robert Debré Hospital - Paris. A population PK analysis was performed utilizing routine therapeutic drug monitoring samples. S-CysC and SCr were compared as covariates on vancomycin clearance using stepwise covariate modeling (forward inclusion [p &lt; 0.05] and backward elimination [p &lt; 0.01]). Model performance was evaluated by graphical and statistical criteria.Results: A total of 108 vancomycin concentrations from 66 patients (postmenstrual age [PMA] of 26–46 weeks) were modeled with an allometric one-compartment model. The median (range) values for SCr and S-CysC were 41 (12–153) µmol/l and 1.43 (0.95–2.83) mg/l, respectively. Following stepwise covariate model building, SCr was retained as single marker of kidney function (after accounting for weight and PMA) in the final model. Compared to the final model based on SCr, the alternative model based on S-CysC showed very similar performance (e.g. BIC of 578.3 vs. 576.4) but included one additional covariate: impact of mechanical ventilation on vancomycin clearance, in addition to the effects of size and maturation.Conclusion: ill neonates. However, if using S-CysC for this purpose mechanical ventilation needs to be taken into account.

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