Copper Oxide Nanomaterials Prepared by Solution Methods, Some Properties, and Potential Applications: A Brief Review

Cupric oxide (CuO), having a narrow bandgap of 1.2 eV and a variety of chemophysical properties, is recently attractive in many fields such as energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, and catalyst. Compared with bulk material, the advanced properties of CuO nanostructures have been demonstrated; however, the fact that these materials cannot yet be produced in large scale is an obstacle to realize the potential applications of this material. In this respect, chemical methods seem to be efficient synthesis processes which yield not only large quantities but also high quality and advanced material properties. In this paper, the effect of some general factors on the morphology and properties of CuO nanomaterials prepared by solution methods will be overviewed. In terms of advanced nanostructure synthesis, microwave method in which copper hydroxide nanostructures are produced in the precursor solution and sequentially transformed by microwave into CuO may be considered as a promising method to explore in the near future. This method produces not only large quantities of nanoproducts in a short reaction time of several minutes, but also high quality materials with advanced properties. A brief review on some unique properties and applications of CuO nanostructures will be also presented.

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Solar Internal Rotation

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900238461 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Jesper Schou ◽

Keyword(s):

Internal Rotation ◽

Doppler Shift ◽

Rotation Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Convection Zone ◽

Solar Interior ◽

High Quality ◽

Surface Rotation ◽

Near Future ◽

Soho Spacecraft

With the flood of high quality helioseismic data from the instruments on the SOHO spacecraft (MDI/VIRGO/GOLF) and ground based instruments (e.g. GONG, LOWL, BiSON, IRIS, MWO-CrAO and TON) we have been able to get increasingly detailed information on the rotation and other large scale flows in the solar interior.Here we will discuss some of the highlights of what we have learned so far and what we may expect to learn in the near future. Among the recent advances have been tighter constraints on the tachocline at the bottom of the convection zone and detection of details in the surface rotation rate similar to the torsional oscillations found in the surface Doppler shift.

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Preparation of High-quality Graphene via Electrochemical Exfoliation in Acidic Electrolytes: A Review

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.62 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (30) ◽

pp. 1611-1619 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Youning Gong ◽

Chunxu Pan

Keyword(s):

Technological Innovation ◽

Material Science ◽

Recent Progress ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Quality ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Electrochemical Exfoliation ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Wet Chemical

ABSTRACTSince the discovery of graphene in 2004, graphene has already been one of the researching hotspots in the material science. As a promising method, electrochemical exfoliation has drawn great attention for producing graphene on industrial scale with high efficiency, low cost, and non-pollution. However, like other wet-chemical methods, the induced oxidation and chemical functionalization are unavoidable during the exfoliation process. Several solutions have been reported to overcome this issue and improve the graphene quality. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in preparation and potential applications of high-quality graphene via electrochemical exfoliation in acidic electrolytes, focusing on the technological innovation and related properties of obtained high-quality graphene.

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Cost- und Monitoring-Projekt: Zwei neue forstliche Meinungsumfragen im Vergleich | The Cost- and Monitoring-Projects: A Comparison of Two New Forestry Opinion Polls

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2000.0001 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephan Wild-Eck ◽

Willi Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Forest Economics ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Swiss Confederation ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

The Cost ◽

Near Future ◽

Opinion Polls

Two large-scale surveys looking at attitudes towards forests, forestry and forest policy in the second half ofthe nineties have been carried out. This work was done on behalf of the Swiss Confederation by the Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Not only did the two studies use very different methods, but the results also varied greatly as far as infrastructure and basic conditions were concerned. One of the main differences between the two studies was the fact that the first dealt only with mountainous areas, whereas the second was carried out on the whole Swiss population. The results of the studies reflect these differences:each produced its own specific findings. Where the same (or similar) questions were asked, the answers highlight not only how the attitudes of those questioned differ, but also views that they hold in common. Both surveys showed positive attitudes towards forests in general, as well as a deep-seated appreciation ofthe forest as a recreational area, and a positive approach to tending. Detailed results of the two surveys will be available in the near future.

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Nano sensors: Designing and Fabrication, Applications for flexible devices and Future Perspectives

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413716999200917161023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Bilal Tahir ◽

Aleena Shoukat ◽

Tahir Iqbal ◽

Asma Ayub ◽

Saff-e Awal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Flexible Devices ◽

More Care ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Nano Sensors ◽

Mechanical Sensor ◽

Small Models ◽

Near Future

: The field of nanosensors has been gaining a lot of attention due to its properties such as mechanical and electrical ever since its first discovery by Dr. Wolter and first mechanical sensor in 1994. The rapidly growing demand of nanosensors has become profitable for a multidisciplinary approach in designing and fabrication of materials and strategies for potential applications. Frequent stimulating advancements are being suggested and established in recent years and thus heading towards multiple applications including food safety, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and biomedical research. Nanofabrication being an efficient method has been used in different industries like medical pharmaceutical for their complex functional geometry at a lower scale. These nanofabrications apply through different methods. There are five most commonly known methods which are frequently used, including top-down lithography, molecular self-assembly, bottom-up assembly, heat and pull method for fabrication of biosensors, etching for fabrication of nanosensors etc. Nanofabrication help at the nanoscale to design and work with small models. But these models due to their small size and being sensitive need more care for use as well as more training and experience to do work with. All methods used for nanofabrication are good and helpful. But more preferred is molecular self-assembly as it is helpful in mass production. Nanofabrication has become an emerging and developing field and it assumed that in near future our world is known by the new devices of nanofabrication.

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A cosmic microscope for the preheating era

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep01(2021)021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

JiJi Fan ◽

Zhong-Zhi Xianyu

Keyword(s):

Scalar Field ◽

Nonlinear Effect ◽

Large Scale ◽

Nonlinear Effects ◽

Light Fields ◽

Unique Probe ◽

Light Scalar ◽

Spatially Varying ◽

Near Future ◽

Scalar Perturbations

Abstract Light fields with spatially varying backgrounds can modulate cosmic preheating, and imprint the nonlinear effects of preheating dynamics at tiny scales on large scale fluctuations. This provides us a unique probe into the preheating era which we dub the “cosmic microscope”. We identify a distinctive effect of preheating on scalar perturbations that turns the Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a light scalar field into square waves, like a diode. The effect manifests itself as local non-Gaussianity. We present a model, “modulated partial preheating”, where this nonlinear effect is consistent with current observations and can be reached by near future cosmic probes.

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Coherent suppression of backscattering in optical microresonators

Light Science & Applications ◽

10.1038/s41377-020-00440-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Ø. Svela ◽

Jonathan M. Silver ◽

Leonardo Del Bino ◽

Shuangyou Zhang ◽

Michael T. M. Woodley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Factor ◽

Bulk Material ◽

Near Field ◽

High Quality Factor ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

High Quality ◽

Frequency Combs ◽

Optical Microresonators ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

The Stability

AbstractAs light propagates along a waveguide, a fraction of the field can be reflected by Rayleigh scatterers. In high-quality-factor whispering-gallery-mode microresonators, this intrinsic backscattering is primarily caused by either surface or bulk material imperfections. For several types of microresonator-based experiments and applications, minimal backscattering in the cavity is of critical importance, and thus, the ability to suppress backscattering is essential. We demonstrate that the introduction of an additional scatterer into the near field of a high-quality-factor microresonator can coherently suppress the amount of backscattering in the microresonator by more than 30 dB. The method relies on controlling the scatterer position such that the intrinsic and scatterer-induced backpropagating fields destructively interfere. This technique is useful in microresonator applications where backscattering is currently limiting the performance of devices, such as ring-laser gyroscopes and dual frequency combs, which both suffer from injection locking. Moreover, these findings are of interest for integrated photonic circuits in which back reflections could negatively impact the stability of laser sources or other components.

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Tiered Sampling

ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data ◽

10.1145/3441299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1-52

Author(s):

Lorenzo De Stefani ◽

Erisa Terolli ◽

Eli Upfal

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Analysis Of Algorithms ◽

Base Layer ◽

Single Edge ◽

Real World Data ◽

High Quality ◽

Large Graphs ◽

Massive Graphs ◽

Variance Estimate ◽

Low Probability

We introduce Tiered Sampling , a novel technique for estimating the count of sparse motifs in massive graphs whose edges are observed in a stream. Our technique requires only a single pass on the data and uses a memory of fixed size M , which can be magnitudes smaller than the number of edges. Our methods address the challenging task of counting sparse motifs—sub-graph patterns—that have a low probability of appearing in a sample of M edges in the graph, which is the maximum amount of data available to the algorithms in each step. To obtain an unbiased and low variance estimate of the count, we partition the available memory into tiers (layers) of reservoir samples. While the base layer is a standard reservoir sample of edges, other layers are reservoir samples of sub-structures of the desired motif. By storing more frequent sub-structures of the motif, we increase the probability of detecting an occurrence of the sparse motif we are counting, thus decreasing the variance and error of the estimate. While we focus on the designing and analysis of algorithms for counting 4-cliques, we present a method which allows generalizing Tiered Sampling to obtain high-quality estimates for the number of occurrence of any sub-graph of interest, while reducing the analysis effort due to specific properties of the pattern of interest. We present a complete analytical analysis and extensive experimental evaluation of our proposed method using both synthetic and real-world data. Our results demonstrate the advantage of our method in obtaining high-quality approximations for the number of 4 and 5-cliques for large graphs using a very limited amount of memory, significantly outperforming the single edge sample approach for counting sparse motifs in large scale graphs.

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C4 Bacterial Volatiles Improve Plant Health

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10060682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 682

Author(s):

Bruno Henrique Silva Dias ◽

Sung-Hee Jung ◽

Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira ◽

Choong-Min Ryu

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Large Scale ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Plant Health ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Bacterial Volatiles

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plant roots can trigger plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Several bacterial determinants including cell-wall components and secreted compounds have been identified to date. Here, we review a group of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds released by PGPR, which improve plant health, mostly by protecting plants against pathogen attack under greenhouse and field conditions. We particularly focus on C4 bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs), such as 2,3-butanediol and acetoin, which have been shown to activate the plant immune response and to promote plant growth at the molecular level as well as in large-scale field applications. We also disc/ uss the potential applications, metabolic engineering, and large-scale fermentation of C4 BVCs. The C4 bacterial volatiles act as airborne signals and therefore represent a new type of biocontrol agent. Further advances in the encapsulation procedure, together with the development of standards and guidelines, will promote the application of C4 volatiles in the field.

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In Vivo Production of RNA Aptamers and Nanoparticles: Problems and Prospects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1422

Author(s):

Ousama Al Shanaa ◽

Andrey Rumyantsev ◽

Elena Sambuk ◽

Marina Padkina

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Large Scale ◽

Potential Model ◽

Model Organism ◽

Rna Aptamers ◽

Early Stages ◽

Near Future

RNA aptamers are becoming increasingly attractive due to their superior properties. This review discusses the early stages of aptamer research, the main developments in this area, and the latest technologies being developed. The review also highlights the advantages of RNA aptamers in comparison to antibodies, considering the great potential of RNA aptamers and their applications in the near future. In addition, it is shown how RNA aptamers can form endless 3-D structures, giving rise to various structural and functional possibilities. Special attention is paid to the Mango, Spinach and Broccoli fluorescent RNA aptamers, and the advantages of split RNA aptamers are discussed. The review focuses on the importance of creating a platform for the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles in vivo and examines yeast, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a potential model organism for the production of RNA nanoparticles on a large scale.

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Sustainable Spatial Energy Planning of Large-Scale Wind and PV Farms in Israel: A Collaborative and Participatory Planning Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 551

Author(s):

Sofia Spyridonidou ◽

Georgia Sismani ◽

Eva Loukogeorgaki ◽

Dimitra G. Vagiona ◽

Hagit Ulanovsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Participatory Planning ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Selection Processes ◽

Planning Framework ◽

Planning Approach ◽

Near Future

In this work, an innovative sustainable spatial energy planning framework is developed on national scale for identifying and prioritizing appropriate, technically and economically feasible, environmentally sustainable as well as socially acceptable sites for the siting of large-scale onshore Wind Farms (WFs) and Photovoltaic Farms (PVFs) in Israel. The proposed holistic framework consists of distinctive steps allocated in two successive modules (the Planning and the Field Investigation module), and it covers all relevant dimensions of a sustainable siting analysis (economic, social, and environmental). It advances a collaborative and participatory planning approach by combining spatial planning tools (Geographic Information Systems (GIS)) and multi-criteria decision-making methods (e.g., Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)) with versatile participatory planning techniques in order to consider the opinion of three different participatory groups (public, experts, and renewable energy planners) within the site-selection processes. Moreover, it facilitates verification of GIS results by conducting appropriate field observations. Sites of high suitability, accepted by all participatory groups and field verified, form the final outcome of the proposed framework. The results illustrate the existence of high suitable sites for large-scale WFs’ and PVFs’ siting and, thus, the potential deployment of such projects towards the fulfillment of the Israeli energy targets in the near future.

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