scholarly journals Psychophysiology of Refractive Accommodative Esotropia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ungsoo Samuel Kim
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Korean Child ◽  
Accommodative Esotropia

Purpose. To investigate the psychophysiologic aspects of refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE).Methods. I prospectively recruited patients aged 3–6 years with more than 3.0 diopters of hyperopia who presented at Kim’s Eye Hospital from January 2011 to March 2013. I compared Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) which consists of internalizing factors (social withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety, and depression) and externalizing factors (social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior) between RAE group and control group.Results. Two out of three internalizing indexes were significantly different between groups (somatic complaints: RAE children50.1±4.6and controls46.6±5.8, P=0.026; depression/anxiety: RAE children48.8±7.9and controls43.9±6.8, P=0.024). Although there was no significant difference, RAE children scored slightly higher on the externalizing behavior index. In the RAE group, the far angle of esodeviation showed a moderate correlation with withdrawn behaviors.Conclusion. Hypermetropic children with high scores on the somatic complaint and depression/anxiety subscales of the CBCL could be at high risk for developing RAE. Psychosocial problems might be related to the pathogenesis of refractive accommodative esotropia.

Effects of a modular teacher coaching program on child attention problems and disruptive behavior and on teachers’ self-efficacy and stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-568
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hanisch ◽  
Ilka Eichelberger ◽  
Stefanie Richard ◽  
Manfred Doepfner
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder are associated with a multitude of psychosocial developmental risks, e.g. academic underachievement. Various cognitive behavioral interventions have proven to be effective in reducing problem behavior in school settings. Drawing on this previous work and on our parent-focused preventive and therapeutic programs, we developed the school-based coaching for elementary school teachers of children with attention deficits or disruptive behavior problems (SCEP). Based on functional behavior assessment, SCEP addresses teachers of children with severe externalizing behavior problems in an individualized modular manner. It consists of a one-day training course and fortnightly one-to-one or team-coaching sessions. We analyzed the effects of SCEP in a within-subject control group design ( N = 60), with student attention problems and rule-breaking behavior during class as the primary outcome measure. SCEP was found to reduce problem behavior during lessons, with small to medium effect sizes ( d = 0.42–0.6). After the intervention, teachers reported changes in their use of praise and felt more confident managing the class ( d = 0.58). The results of SCEP are discussed in light of multi-tiered preventive approaches that suggest extensive individualized interventions based on functional behavior analysis for children with severe problem behavior.

scholarly journals Identifying Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Factors in Adolescents: Understanding the Hikikomori Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hamasaki ◽  
Nancy Pionnié-Dax ◽  
Géraldine Dorard ◽  
Nicolas Tajan ◽  
Takatoshi Hikida
Keyword(s):  
Middle School Students ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
School Students ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Hikikomori is a Japanese term for social withdrawal, ranging from complete inability to venture outdoors to preferring to stay inside. The prevalence of hikikomori is high, up to 1.2% of the Japanese population, but only few studies have examined its emergence in adolescents. Therefore, we sought to identify environmental and psycho-behavioral characteristics related to hikikomori during adolescence. Parents of middle school students who underwent psychiatric outpatient treatment for hikikomori (n = 20) and control group parents (n = 88) completed the Child Behavior Checklist to evaluate their child’s psycho-behavioral characteristics and novel scales to evaluate environmental characteristics and hikikomori severity. Scores for all eight Child Behavior Checklist subscales were significantly higher in the experimental group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that “anxious/depressed,” “somatic complaints,” “lack of communication between parents” and “overuse of the Internet” were significant predictors of hikikomori severity. These findings can help identify individuals who are at risk of developing hikikomori.

Presurgical neuropsychological and behavioral evaluation of children with posterior fossa tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Varela ◽  
Magda Liakopoulou ◽  
George A. Alexiou ◽  
Dimitra Pitsouni ◽  
Giorgos A. Alevizopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Significant Difference

Object Brain tumors are associated with behavioral and neuropsychological effects. Most available data are focused on the posttreatment neurological and cognitive deficits of these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pretreatment neuropsychological and behavioral impairment in children with posterior fossa tumors. Methods The authors studied 24 children with posterior fossa tumors who were between 4 and 15 years of age, and who were surgically treated at the authors' institute. During the period prior to the tumor excision, neuropsychological and behavioral assessments were performed. A control group of age-matched children was also studied. The children's executive functions were assessed using the short form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). For the assessment of visuospatial functions, spatial memory, and visuomotor integration skills, the Bender-Gestalt Test (BGT) was used. For assessment of the visual perception and visual memory, the authors used the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT). Furthermore, parents or caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results The WISC revealed no significant difference between patients and the control group. The CBCL revealed significant somatic concerns compared with the measure's norms. Furthermore, the patients differed in aggressiveness, somatic concerns, anxiety symptoms, internalizing of problems, and total problems. In the BGT and the BVRT results, no significant difference was observed between patients and the control group. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between neuropsychological scores and sex, age at diagnosis, histological diagnosis, presence of hydrocephalus, degree of hydrocephalus, tumor size, and tumor location. Conclusions Children with posterior fossa tumors suffer more frequently from somatic concerns, aggressiveness, anxiety, and internalizing disorders compared with controls. No difference was found with respect to intelligence scores.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (ACT) ON ANXIETY LEVELS IN ELDERLY LIVING AT PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA (PSTW) BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Tresna Wicaksana ◽  
Teguh Wahju S ◽  
Rinik Eko K ◽  
Putu Yudara S
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elderly Living ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Panti werdha in Indonesia is considered as a nursing home for elderly. However, there are still psychosocial problems occur such as loneliness, sadness, and anxiety disorders. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may be able to solve psychosocial problems especially for anxiety.Objective: To analyze the extent of ACT's influence on the level of anxiety of the elderly living in the PSTW Bali.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest with control group. Sixty elderly were recruited and divided into control and treatment groups with 30 samples of each group. Paired and Independent T-test were used for data analysis.Results: The paired T-test results in the control group showed significant differences of anxiety score between pretest and posttest after given generalist therapy (p 0.05). The result of paired T-test in the treatment group showed that there was a significant difference of anxiety score between pretest and posttest after given general and ACT therapy (p 0.05). The independent T-test showed that there was a significant difference of anxiety score between control group and treatment group (p 0.05).Conclusion: ACT psychotherapy is effective in decreasing anxiety in elderly who are living in PSTW Bali. 

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation and Sleep Problems in ADHD with and without Pharmacological Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472098624
Author(s):  
Miriam Sanabra ◽  
Tary Gómez-Hinojosa ◽  
Núria Grau ◽  
Jose A. Alda
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse DESR and its influence on sleep parameters in three different groups of children and adolescents: a group newly diagnosed with ADHD naïve, a group with ADHD under pharmacological treatment and a control group. Method: Subjects were a total of 327 children and adolescents. Two groups diagnosed with ADHD: 108 medication-naïve and 80 under pharmacological treatment; and one group with 136 healthy subjects. DESR was defined using anxious/depressed, attention problems and aggressive behaviors (AAA) scales from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and sleep through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Results: Significant differences were found comparing the three groups ( p = .001), with a significantly higher profile on DESR in ADHD subjects, especially those who did not undergo treatment, and a positive correlation between DESR and sleep. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with ADHD without treatment present higher DESR than healthy controls and consequently higher sleep problems.

scholarly journals Externalizing behavior problems and influencing factors among Hui nationality left-behind children in rural areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yu ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Miaomiao Liu ◽  
Qiuli Li ◽  
Xiuying Dai
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Externalizing behavior problems (EBP) is being increasingly viewed as a public health problem. Previous study showed that the detection rate of behavioral problems of Hui nationality left-behind children (LBC) was far higher than that of Han nationality LBC. However, existing literature has not reported EBP of Hui nationality LBC. The purpose of current study was to investigate the prevalence EBP and its influencing factors among Hui nationality LBC in rural areas of China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012-2013). The general self-made questionnaire, Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ for Children), Piers-Harri Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and Achenbach's Child behavior Checklist (CBCL for parents) were used to investigate the related information. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were conducted. Results: The prevalence of EBP in Hui nationality LBC and non-left-behind children(non-LBC) were 12.01% (46/383) and 8.57% (49/572), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (χ2 =3.04, P=0.08). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low self-concept of behavioral (OR=13.71), introversion (OR =11.19) and intermediate personality (OR=9.35) were risk factors for EBP of Hui nationality LBC, while the intermediate type of mother refusal and denial (OR =0.43) was their protective factor. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that parental migration is a risk factor for EBP among Hui nationality LBC in rural China. Influencing factors should be considered when formulating relevant policies and undertaking intervention measures in the future, so as to reduce EBP of Hui nationality LBC.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR RELAXATION ON ANXIETY LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF TUGUREJO SEMARANG, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Ary Astuti ◽  
Anggorowati Anggorowati ◽  
Andrew Johan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Muscular Relaxation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis suffer changes in lifestyle, which cause physical and psychosocial problems, particularly anxiety. Progressive Muscular Relaxation is considered as an intervention to reduce anxiety.Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of progressive muscular relaxation in in reducing anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design involved 78 respondents, with 38 randomly assigned in the intervention and control group. The progressive muscular relaxation was performed on 14 muscle groups for 4-week period. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used to measure anxiety. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for data analyses.Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in anxiety values between the intervention and control group with p-value 0.000 (<0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant effect of progressive muscular relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. The results of this study is expected to be one reference in making the  progressive muscular relaxation as a nursing intervention in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. 

Severe Affective and Behavioral Dysregulation in Youths Is Associated with a Proinflammatory State 1MH and LP contributed equally to the paper

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Holtmann ◽  
Luise Poustka ◽  
Florian D. Zepf ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Josef Priller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Duration Of Illness

Objective: A heritable behavioral phenotype, the so-called Dysregulation Profile (DP), characterized by extreme scores on the syndrome scales Anxious/Depressed (A/D), Attention Problems (AP), and Aggressive Behavior (AGG), has been identified on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). It characterizes children with severe affective and behavioral dysregulation. The present study examined possible alterations of the inflammatory system in CBCL-DP using a clinical sample of n = 133 children and adolescents. Method: Participants with the CBCL-DP scoring ≥ 2.5 SDs above average constituted the CBCL-DP subgroup (n = 51). Those with CBCL-DP scores of 1 SD or less above average were regarded as controls (n = 82). Groups were compared in terms of serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Results: Participants showing the CBCL-DP exhibited increased CRP and decreased albumin levels compared to controls. CRP was correlated with AGG, AP, and the CBCL-DP total score. A negative correlation was observed between albumin and AGG, AP, the CBCL-DP score, and A/D. These associations could not be attributed to differences in age, sex, weight, socioeconomic status, global functioning, or duration of illness. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate associations between the CBCL-DP and a proinflammatory state. Limitations include the lack of a healthy control group, the use of a single measurement of inflammatory markers, and the lack of follow-up data. Future research should address whether inflammatory diathesis in these children confers increased susceptibility to later development of cardiovascular disease and other medical morbidities.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Associations Between Attention Problems and Other Problem Behaviors

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schmitz ◽  
David A. Mrazek
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractProblem behavior in children shows a high degree of cooccurrence, both within the domains of internalizing and externalizing behaviors and across domains. Maternal ratings of 207 same- and opposite-sex twin pairs on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4–18; Achenbach, 1991) were used to determine the etiology of these associations. In the current sample of 4- to 11-year-old children (mean age: 7.6 years) phenotypic correlations were .68 between Internalizing and Externalizing, between .41 and .66 within the internalizing scales, and between .58 and .71 within the externalizing scales. Correlations across domains on the scale level were of similar magnitude. Genetic and shared environmental correlations were generally high, with the exception of the somatic complaints scale which showed low genetic correlations with other scales. These findings of uniformly high shared etiology was seen within and across domains. For example, Attention Problems showed genetic correlations of .65 with Delinquent Behavior and .76 with Aggressive Behavior; the genetic correlations of Attention Problems with internalizing scales were .71 for Anxious/Depressed and .79 for Withdrawn; a low genetic correlation was only shown for the Somatic Complaints scale (rg = .16). Although the magnitude of shared environmental contributions was lower, the environmental correlations were close to unity, indicating that the same family environmental factors were involved in aspects of problem behavior when assessed across domains. Results for the Attention Problems scale were similar to other disruptive behavior, justifying its inclusion with the externalizing scales.

scholarly journals Parent Reports of the Psychosocial Functioning of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlagh Hunt ◽  
Donald Burden ◽  
Peter Hepper ◽  
Mike Stevenson ◽  
Chris Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: (1) to determine the opinion of parents regarding the psychosocial functioning of their child with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP); (2) to identify predictors of psychosocial functioning; and (3) to determine the level of agreement between children with CLP and their parents. Participants: One hundred twenty-nine parents of children with CLP and 96 parents of children without CLP participated in this cross-sectional study. Outcome measures: Parental opinion of the child's self-esteem, anxiety, happiness, and problems caused by facial appearance were assessed using visual analogue scales. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and were interviewed. Results: Children with CLP were more anxious (p < 0.05), less happy with their appearance (p < 0.001), and in general (p < 0.05) had lower self-esteem (p < 0.05) and greater behavioral problems (p < 0.001) compared with non-CLP children. Parents reported that their child with CLP was teased more often (p < 0.001) and was less satisfied with his/her speech (p < 0.01) compared with reports of parents in the control group. A number of factors affected parents’ ratings of their child's psychosocial functioning (presence of CLP, appearance happiness, previous history of CLP, and visibility of scar). Children who had been teased were more anxious (p ≤ 0.01), less happy with their appearance (p < 0.001) and had greater behavioral problems (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Parents of children with CLP reported various psychosocial problems among their children. Parents considered children who had been teased to have greater psychosocial problems.

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