scholarly journals Recent Advances in Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanostructures: An Overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Dehghan Banadaki ◽  
Amir Kajbafvala
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Controllable Synthesis ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Nanomaterials

Nobel metal nanomaterials with interesting physical and chemical properties are ideal building blocks for engineering and tailoring nanoscale structures for specific technological applications. Bimetallic nanomaterials consisting of magnetic metals and noble metals have attracted much interest for their promising potentials in many fields including magnetic sensors, catalysts, optical detection, and biomedical applications. Particularly, effective control of the size, shape, architecture, and compositional microstructure of metal nanomaterials plays an important role in enhancing their functionality and application potentials, for example, in fuel cells, optical and biomedical sensing. This paper focuses on recent advances in controllable synthesis of bimetallic nanostructured materials. Recent contributions in controllable synthesis of bimetallic nanomaterials with different architectures including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, or nanotubes and their assemblies are presented in this paper. A wide range of facile synthesis methods are covered herein with high emphasis on wet chemical methods owing to their facility of use, efficacy, and smaller environmental footprint.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4672
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Hassan ◽  
Cian Vyas ◽  
Bruce Grieve ◽  
Paulo Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Direct Electrochemistry ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Glucose Sensors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayan ◽  
Mohapatra ◽  
Uthaman ◽  
Park
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range

The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles in Bioapplications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqi Wu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Weihang Ding ◽  
Letong Xu ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Persistent Luminescence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Biomaterials ◽  
Efficient Elimination ◽  
Guided Therapy

AbstractPersistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation. In the past decade, persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with intriguing optical properties have attracted a wide range of attention in various areas. Especially in recent years, the development and applications in biomedical fields have been widely explored. Owing to the efficient elimination of the autofluorescence interferences from biotissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission, many researches have focused on the manipulation of PLNPs in biosensing, cell tracking, bioimaging and cancer therapy. These achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing new types of PLNPs with desired superior characteristics and multiple functions. In this review, we summarize the works on synthesis methods, bioapplications, biomembrane modification and biosafety of PLNPs and highlight the recent advances in biosensing, imaging and imaging-guided therapy. We further discuss the new types of PLNPs as a newly emerged class of functional biomaterials for multiple applications. Finally, the remaining problems and challenges are discussed with suggestions and prospects for potential future directions in the biomedical applications.

Progress in Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Pyrazoloquinazolines

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Chunlei Tang ◽  
Bainian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background: This paper reviews the research progress of pyrazoloquinazolines which widely used in the field of medicine and pesticide in recent years. Five types of pyrazoloquinazolines are introduced: pyrazolo [4,3-h]quinazolines, pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines, pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinazolines, pyrazolo[1,5-a] quinazolines , pyrazolo[1,5-b]quinazolines, and their new progress in the synthesis methods and treatment of diseases. Methodology: The derivatives of pyrazoloquinazolines exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiviral activities. Consequently, their syntheses have attracted significant interest. Various methodologies have been developed for the synthesis and functionalization of these class of compounds. Conclusion: In the present article, the relevant and recent advances in the field will be briefly covered.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Activity of 8-Hydroxyquinolines

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haythem A. Saadeh ◽  
Kamal A. Sweidan ◽  
Mohammad S. Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Compounds containing the 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) 1 nucleus exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and antifungal effects. The chemistry and biology of this group have attracted the attention of chemists, medicinal chemists, and professionals in health sciences. A number of prescribed drugs incorporate this group, and numerous 8-HQ- based molecules can be used to develop potent lead compounds with good efficacy and low toxicity. This review focusses on the recent advances in the synthesis of 8-HQ derivatives with different pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial activities. For this purpose, recent relevant references were searched in different known databases and search engines, such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane, Scientific Information Database (SID), SciFinder, and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge. This review article provides a literature overview of the various synthetic strategies and biological activities of 8-HQ derivatives and covers the recent related literature. Taken together, compounds containing the 8-HQ moiety have huge therapeutic value and can act as potential building blocks for various pharmacologically active scaffolds. In addition, several described compounds in this review could act leads for the development of drugs against numerous diseases including cancer.

Chiral allenylcarbonyls – underexploited building blocks for complex synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Yadavalli ◽  
Salvatore D. Lepore
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Recent Advances

Abstract: Chiral allenylcarbonyls such as allenoates remain underutilized in complex synthesis despite recent advances in synthesis methods to prepare them non-racemically. The field is now ripe for the employment of this class of allenes as building blocks to facilitate the construction of complex small-molecule compounds, such as bridged bicycles.

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

Stereospecific, Palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)–H Alkenylation and Alkynylation of a Proline Derivative Enabled by 8-Aminoquinoline as a Directing Group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Balliu ◽  
Aaltje Roelofje Femmigje Strijker ◽  
Michael Oschmann ◽  
Monireh Pourghasemi Lati ◽  
Oscar Verho
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Vinyl Iodides ◽  
Initial Results

<p>In this preprint, we present our initial results concerning a stereospecific Pd-catalyzed protocol for the C3 alkenylation and alkynylation of a proline derivative carrying the well utilized 8‑aminoquinoline directing group. Efficient C–H alkenylation was achieved with a wide range of vinyl iodides bearing different aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents, to furnish the corresponding C3 alkenylated products in good to high yields. In addition, we were able show that this protocol can also be used to install an alkynyl group into the pyrrolidine scaffold, when a TIPS-protected alkynyl bromide was used as the reaction partner. Furthermore, two different methods for the removal of the 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary are reported, which can enable access to both <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-configured carboxylic acid building blocks from the C–H alkenylation products.</p>

Facile Synthesis of a Diverse Library of Mono-3-substituted β-Cyclodextrin Analogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kellett ◽  
Brendan M. Duggan ◽  
Michael Gilson
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range

We have described simple, high-yield, protocols, which require only commonly accessible equipment, to synthesize a wide range of β-CD derivatives mono-substituted at the secondary face. These derivatives may be useful in their own right, and they are also scaffolds for further modification, and examples of the far broader array of derivatives that may be accessed by these procedures.

Efficient Prediction of Structural and Electronic Properties of Hybrid 2D Materials Using DFT and Machine Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Tawfik ◽  
Olexandr Isayev ◽  
Catherine Stampfl ◽  
Joseph Shapter ◽  
David Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Interlayer Distance ◽  
Computational Screening ◽  
Wide Range

Materials constructed from different van der Waals two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures offer a wide range of benefits, but these systems have been little studied because of their experimental and computational complextiy, and because of the very large number of possible combinations of 2D building blocks. The simulation of the interface between two different 2D materials is computationally challenging due to the lattice mismatch problem, which sometimes necessitates the creation of very large simulation cells for performing density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Here we use a combination of DFT, linear regression and machine learning techniques in order to rapidly determine the interlayer distance between two different 2D heterostructures that are stacked in a bilayer heterostructure, as well as the band gap of the bilayer. Our work provides an excellent proof of concept by quickly and accurately predicting a structural property (the interlayer distance) and an electronic property (the band gap) for a large number of hybrid 2D materials. This work paves the way for rapid computational screening of the vast parameter space of van der Waals heterostructures to identify new hybrid materials with useful and interesting properties.

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