scholarly journals Toxicopathological Evaluation of Hydroethanol Extract ofDianthus basuticusin Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa ◽  
Mutiu Idowu Kazeem
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background. Dianthus basuticusis a commonly used medicinal plant in Basotho traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, but there is no report on its safety or toxicity. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity profile of the hydroethanol whole plant extract ofDianthus basuticusin Wistar rats.Methods.Acute toxicity test was performed with single oral administration of 100–3200 mg/kg body weight ofD. basuticusextract to rats and the animals were observed for 14 days for signs of toxicity. The subacute toxicity experiment was conducted by oral administration of graded doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) ofD. basuticusextract daily for 28 days. Behavioural changes as well as haematological, biochemical, and histological parameters were then evaluated.Results.There was no observable sign of toxicity in the acute toxicity test. There were significant decreases (P<0.05) in the feed and water intake as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides of theD. basuticusextract-treated rats in subacute toxicity study. There were no treatment related differences in the haematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations.Conclusions.Administration of hydroethanol extract ofD. basuticusmay be safe at the dosages tested in this study but its continuous usage can cause anorexia.

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of “Tran Chau Nguu Hoang Hoan” in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Tran Thai Ha ◽  
Pham Thi Van Anh ◽  
Dao Xuan Tinh ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Hang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oral Doses

“Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” was prepared from 12 herbal ingredients. So far, the safety of this product, has not been reported yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of “Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by the method of Litchfield Wilcoxon in mice at the doses of 2.42 g/kg b.w/day to 6.04 g/kg b.w/day. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated followed the Guideline of WHO and OECD in rats with oral doses of 58.0 mg/kg b.w/day and 174.0 mg/kg b.w/day for 12 consecutive weeks. As a result, in the course of the acute toxicity test, the mice showed no abnormal sign or death. In terms of the subchonic toxicity test, hematological indexes, hepato-renal functions and microscopic images of liver and kidney were unchanged. In conclusion, “Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” does not appear to produce acute and subchronic toxicities in mice and rats.

scholarly journals Toxicological implications of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis on wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusayo Aderonke Shorinwa ◽  
Barizonmdu Monsi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background The unopened buds of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis is used in the treatment of anaemia and skin diseases in traditional medicine. Hence, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the effects of oral administration of the fruit extract of Harungana madagascariensis on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in Wistar rats. Methods Phytochemical screening of the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis was carried out. Acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Sub-acute toxicity studies were done using 24 rats of both sexes which were randomized into four groups of six rats each. Animals in groups A, B, C were administered with the extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively while group D animals were given distilled water (5 mg/kg) and served as the control group. All administrations were done through the oral route for 30 consecutive days. Body weights of the animals were taken weekly during the study. The animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological (red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell) and biochemical (alanine transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and total protein) parameters. Histological examination was conducted on the liver and kidney of the animals. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroidal nucleus, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the RBC, HB, PCV and WBC of the extract treated groups when compared to the control group. There was however, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the creatinine level of the 500 mg/kg extract –treated group and the control. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in other biochemical parameters of the extract treated groups and the control group except for a marginal increase in the total protein in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of the extract (60 g/L) compared with control (54.80 g/L). Histopathological examination showed alterations in the morphology of the liver and kidney in extract treated groups as compared to the control groups. Conclusion The findings have revealed that the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis should be used with caution especially during prolonged usage as the histology showed it has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials. Further studies will be done to establish the effects of the extract on white blood cells.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Testing of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) on Histopathological Imaging of the Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ainge Rasbina Br Saragih ◽  
Fiska Maya Wardhani ◽  
Erny Tandanu ◽  
Rico Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Turmeric Extract

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a type of plant whose extract contains compounds that can inhibit carcinogenesis. Acute toxicity test was conducted to determine the safe dose and lethal dose (LD) 50 from the use of a drug substance. This research aimed to determine the effect of the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on the histopathological imaging of the lungs. This study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into six groups. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA statistical test, while for lung histopathology using ordinal data which were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on Wistar rats was not toxic and there was no death and no toxic symptoms and no necrosis, congestion and inflammation were found on the histopathological picture of the lungs.

Acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of the tuber of Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Acute Study

Abstract Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae) is used in South African traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia as an emetic, purgative and diuretic, and it is used against dropsy in the management of obesity. Aim of the study In this study, acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of K. africanatuber was evaluated in male and female Wistar rats in order to assess its safety profile. Materials and methods In acute toxicity, the effects of a single oral dose (2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg) of aqueous extract was determined in both sexes. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for 3 h and then periodically for 14 days. The subchronic toxicity test was performed in rats. The effects of the extract in daily single oral administration at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days were determined. Food and water intakes were monitored daily while body weight was monitored on a weekly bases. Hematological, biochemical and organ parameters were determined at the end of the 28-day administration. Results In the acute study, a single administration of the aqueous extract at the doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg did not induce mortality. Thus, the LD50 of the aqueous extract of K. africana (AEKA) has been estimated to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg. In the subchronic study, daily oral administration of the AEKA did not result in death of the rats or significant changes in hematological or biochemical parameters at the highest dose of 600 mg/kg. No alteration was observed in body weight, food and water intake. Liver, kidney and heart histopathology did not reveal morphological alteration. Conclusions The results showed that the aqueous tuber extract of K. africana did not cause any death, nor did it cause abnormalities in necropsy and histopathology findings. There were no acute or subchronic toxicity observed, and this indicates that the plant extract could be considered safe for oral medication.

THE HEMATOLOGIC PROFILE IN THE ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF COGON GRASS ROOTS ETHANOL EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
VANESSA AYU SUMIRAT ◽  
IRMA MELYANI PUSPITASARI ◽  
NENI ANGGRAENI ◽  
MAS RIZKY ANGGUN ADIPURNA SYAMSUNARNO
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Hematologic Profile

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the hematologic profile of Wistar rats in the acute toxicity test of Cogon grass roots ethanol extract (CGEE). Methods: Cogon grass roots were dissolved in 70% ethanol. An acute toxicity test was conducted based on The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia. Five female rats in the treatment group were administered a single high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CGEE in 200 μl of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the 5 female rats in the control group were administered 200 μl of 0.5% CMC. After 14 d, blood samples were collected, and 18 hematologic parameters were measured with a hematology analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the parameters between the two groups with the independent t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann Whitney test for non-normally distributed data. Results: None of the hematologic parameters in the treatment group significantly differed from those in the control group after 14 d of observation (P>0.05). Conclusion: A single high dose of 5000 mg/kg BW of CGEE did not change the hematologic profile of Wistar rats. These results indicate that CGEE does not have an acute hemotoxic effect, at least for hematologic parameters.

scholarly journals The Liver histopathology structure of Wistar rats on the acute toxicity test of Kapulaga Seeds extract (Amomum cardamomum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Dewi Yudhani ◽  
Rizka Hendriyani ◽  
Riza Novierta Pesik
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Treatment Groups

One-third of the Indonesian population uses herbs for alternative medicine empirically. One of them is Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) which known as a spice and traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatic, fever, cough, sore throat, and mouth odor. The clinical use of herbs must be supported by scientific evidenced-based and its safety profile. The risk of exposure to a substance in humans can be identified through the toxicity tests on animals. The liver histopathological structure is one of the parameters of the acute toxicity test. This study to determine the acute toxicity of Kapulaga seeds extract (Amomum cardamomum) based on the liver histopathological structure of Wistar rats. The sample selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the OECD 420 guideline. The research consisted of a preliminary and the main test. One rat was used in the preliminary test with an initial dose of cardamom seed extract 300 mg/kg BW and followed by a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg BW after 48 hours. The main test used 10 rats that were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Based on the result of the preliminary test, the treatment group was given a single dose of cardamom seed extract 2000mg /kg BW, whilst the control group was given distilled water. Observations of any toxic signs or dead were conducted every 30 minutes in the first 4 hours and continued once per day until 14thday. Assessment of the degree of liver damage was done using the liver damaged scoring and compared using the Mann Whitney test (α = 0.05). The average liver damage score of control and treatment groups is 0.96 ± 0,856 and 0.96 ± 0,604, respectively, and did not show any statistically significant differences (p>0,05). Kapulagaseeds (Amomum cardamomum) had no acute toxic effect based on the liver histopathological structure of Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in the Wistar Rats Liver Treated with Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Rhizome Ethanol Extract during Acute Toxicity Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Kesy Sasta Handani ◽  
Wiwien Sugih Utami ◽  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Rena Normasari
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Zingiber Cassumunar

Malaria is still an infectious disease that can not be eradicated. The presence of antimalarial drug resistance case encourages the research on herbal plants that are expected to be a complementary therapy drug of malaria, one of them is bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.). This research aimed to investigate the effect of bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) rhizome ethanol extract to the histopathological changes of Wistar rats liver during acute toxicity test. This research type was true experimental laboratories with posttest only control group design using four treatment groups (given dose 42,609 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, 213,045 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, 426,09 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, and 852.18 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%) and one control group (given 1% Tween). Each treatment groups consisted of five male rats and five female rats. The final mean score of hepatocyte damage as the research data was analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and showed that p=0,084. It indicated that there was no significant difference of liver histopathology results between groups.  Keywords: malaria, bangle rhizome, acute toxicity test, liver histopathology

Acute toxicity test of triple fermented barley extracts (fbe) in mice after oral administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Min Lim ◽  
Dong-Chan Park ◽  
Hyung-Rae Cho ◽  
Go-Woon Jung ◽  
Sae Kwang Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test

Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

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