scholarly journals In vitro Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Studies of Lippia nodiflora and Isolated Flavonoids and Phenylethanoid Glycosides as Potential Uric Acid-lowering Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Chuen Cheng ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Kit-Lam Chan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Effective Use

Lippia nodiflora has been traditionally used for treatment of knee joint pain. Hitherto, no studies have been reported on the effective use of L. nodiflora against hyperuricemia, gout or other metabolic disorders. In this present study, L. nodiflora was examined for its ability to lower uric acid levels using an in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay. The whole plant methanolic extract was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation to yield 4 fractions (F1–F4). F3 displayed the highest potency and was further purified by column chromatography to afford two phenylethanoid glycosides, arenarioside (1) and verbascoside (2), and three flavonoids, 6-hydroxyluteolin (3), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7- O-glycoside (4), and nodifloretin (5). These compounds inhibited xanthine oxidase activity, with IC50 values between 7.52 ± 0.01 and 130.00 ± 2.25 μM, of which 3 was the most potent. In contrast, allopurinol, serving as a positive control, was 0.22 ± 0.00 μM. Thus, L. nodiflora, and its chemical constituents are worthy of further studies as potential anti-hyperuricemic agents.

Application of UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS to Identify Constituents of Erding Granule and Anti-hyperuricemia Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifang Chen ◽  
Yun Yao ◽  
Yuan Zhan ◽  
Hui Jian ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serum Urate Level ◽  
Tof Ms

Background: Erding granule (EDG) widely used as an agent with the effect of heat-clearing, detoxifying, eliminating dampness, relieving jaundice and upper respiratory tract disease in clinical application, but the systematic chemical information and anti-hyperuricemia effect of EDG was still unclear. Methods: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was utilized to rapidly identify the chemical constituents of EDG. The anti-hyperuricemia effect of EDG was evaluated based on the effect on xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (in vitro) and lowering uric acid (in vivo). Results: 198 compounds were tentatively separated and identified or characterized within 30 min by UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS. These compounds were categorized as 22 coumarins, 38 flavones, 67 alkaloids, 36 organic acids, 16 sesquiterpenes, 14 lignans and 5 the others constituents. Meanwhile, EDG significantly decreases the serum urate level of hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate, while EDG did not significantly decrease the serum urate level of hyperuricemic mice induced by hypoxanthine and activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Conclusion: The method developed was rapid and sensitive to characterize the chemical constituents of EDG, and provide a systematic view of chemical information for EDG. Furthermore, we first discovered the anti-hyperuricemia effect of EDG and it would further provide the reference for clarifying the mechanism of EDG on lowering uric acid.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase-Catalyzed Xanthine and 6-Mercaptopurine Oxidation by Flavonoid Aglycones and Some of Their Conjugates

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Violetta Mohos ◽  
Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl ◽  
Miklós Poór
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Natural Phenolic Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds, which are the active ingredients in several dietary supplements. It is well-known that some flavonoid aglycones are potent inhibitors of the xanthine oxidase (XO)-catalyzed uric acid formation in vitro. However, the effects of conjugated flavonoid metabolites are poorly characterized. Furthermore, the inhibition of XO-catalyzed 6-mercaptopurine oxidation is an important reaction in the pharmacokinetics of this antitumor drug. The inhibitory effects of some compounds on xanthine vs. 6-mercaptopurine oxidation showed large differences. Nevertheless, we have only limited information regarding the impact of flavonoids on 6-mercaptopurine oxidation. In this study, we examined the interactions of flavonoid aglycones and some of their conjugates with XO-catalyzed xanthine and 6-mercaptopurine oxidation in vitro. Diosmetin was the strongest inhibitor of uric acid formation, while apigenin showed the highest effect on 6-thiouric acid production. Kaempferol, fisetin, geraldol, luteolin, diosmetin, and chrysoeriol proved to be similarly strong inhibitors of xanthine and 6-mercaptopurine oxidation. While apigenin, chrysin, and chrysin-7-sulfate were more potent inhibitors of 6-mercaptopurine than xanthine oxidation. Many flavonoids showed similar or stronger (even 5- to 40-fold) inhibition of XO than the positive control allopurinol. Based on these observations, the extremely high intake of flavonoids may interfere with the elimination of 6-mercaptopurine.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Oxidant Potential and Anti- Ulcer Activity of Leucas diffusa Plant Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
D. Jagadeesh ◽  
Y. Anil Kumar ◽  
N. Tulasi Uma Rani ◽  
A Prathyusha ◽  
Shaik Abdul Mahaboobsubhani
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Ligation Method

Leucas diffusa (lamiaceae) a branched herb collected from the Guntur region, A.P. India. Phytochemical studies of Leucas diffusa, methanolic fraction subjected to column chromatography and estimation of total flavanoid content and to evaluate antioxidant potential and anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extract of Leucas diffusa. The plant powder was subjected to continuous hot extraction in Soxhlet Apparatus & extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The extracts prepared were tested for the type of chemical constituents present by known qualitative tests. Total flavanoid content of methanolic and ethylacetate extract of Leucas diffusa were done. In vitro Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated using hydroxyl radical, reducing power & hydrogen peroxide scavenging abilities. Anti-ulcer activitiy of methanolic extract was evaluated through pylorus ligation method and ethanol induced ulcer models. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Our findings suggest that methanolic extract of whole plant Leucas diffusa have got profound antioxidant effect and showed significant anti-ulcer activity at higher dose. Keywords: Leucas diffusa; Antioxidant; Flavanoid; anti-ulcer activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of isolated fractions from methanolic extract derived from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarrappagaari Suresh ◽  
Gutha Rajasekar ◽  
Thopireddy Lavanya ◽  
Benne Lakshminarsimhulu ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Abstract Background Cleome viscosa is considered as an important medicinal plant extensively used in India, China, Bangladesh, and a few countries in Africa. In the present study, in vitro anti-radical and antidiabetic potential of isolated fractions of methanolic extract of C. viscosa whole plant (MeCV) has been investigated. The identification of polyphenols and their related functional groups in the bioactive fraction was categorized by using HPLC and FT-IR. Results The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of F-D were higher than those of F-A, F-B, and F-C. The F-D exhibited superior antioxidant capacity when compared with the remaining three fractions. However, the F-D showed the highest glucose diffusion activity over the 30 min–27 h incubation period and also inhibited both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activity. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the two known compounds (protocatechuic acid hexoside, rutin) and six unknown compounds in the F-D. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of phenol group. Conclusion The isolated F-D obtained from MeCV displayed superior antioxidant and antidiabetic activity which indicate the presence of polyphenols in the fraction. The data findings of the present study support the traditional uses of the whole plant of C. viscosa as a promising natural source of biological medicines for oxidative stress and diabetes.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase pada Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam (Piper sp)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Masruhim ◽  
Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo ◽  
Dita Paramitha
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
One Way Anova

Hyperuricemia is a condition in which increased levels of uric acid in the blood. Xanthine oxidase role in the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. One treatment of hyperuricemia is inhibiting xanthine oxidase in the process of formation of uric acid. The purpose of this study to determine the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase in the ethanol extract of black betel leaf (Piper sp). Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity test using UV-Vis spectrophotometry in vitro with a concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result is the ethanol extract of black betel leaf has a different activity significantly and IC50 values obtained is 65.96 ppm.

scholarly journals Identification of a Xanthine Oxidase-inhibitory Component from Sophora Flavescens using NMR-based Metabolomics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Suzuki ◽  
Yuka Hasuike ◽  
Moeka Hirabayashi ◽  
Tatsuo Fukuda ◽  
Yoshihito Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Loading Plot

We demonstrate that NMR-based metabolomics studies can be used to identify xanthine oxidase-inhibitory compounds in the diethyl ether soluble fraction prepared from a methanolic extract of Sophora flavescens. Loading plot analysis, accompanied by direct comparison of 1H NMR spectra exhibiting characteristic signals, identified compounds exhibiting inhibitory activity. NMR analysis indicated that these characteristic signals were attributed to flavanones such as sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone. Sophoraflavanone G showed inhibitory activity towards xanthine oxidase in an in vitro assay.

scholarly journals Fingerprinting, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cyclooxygenase and Metabolic Enzymes Inhibitory Characteristic Evaluations of Stachys viticina Boiss. Essential Oil

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Nawaf Al-Maharik
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to assess the in-vitro, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, metabolic enzymes and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory properties of essential oil (EO) of Stachys viticina Boiss. leaves. The S. viticina EO was isolated and identified using microwave-ultrasonic and GC-MS techniques, respectively. Fifty-two compounds were identified, of which endo-borneol was the major component, followed by eucalyptol and epizonarene. The EO was evaluated against a panel of in-vitro bioassays. The EO displayed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Epidermophyton floccosum, with MIC values of 0.039, 0.078 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The EO exhibited cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and Colo-205 (colon) cancer cell lines with percentages of inhibition of 95% and 90%, for EO concentrations of 1.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it showed metabolic enzyme (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) inhibitory (IC50 = 45.22 ± 1.1, 63.09 ± 0.26, 501.18 ± 0.38 µg/mL, respectively) and antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 19.95 ± 2.08 µg/mL. Moreover, the S. viticina EO showed high cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively, similar to those of the positive control (the NSAID etodolac). Outcomes amassed from this investigation illustrate that S. viticina EO represents a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules which can be further validated and explored clinically for its therapeutic potential and for the development and design of new natural therapeutic preparations.

scholarly journals LOWERING URIC ACID EFFICACY TEST OF THE COMBINED EXTRACT OF UNCARIA GAMBIR (HUNTER) ROXB. AND CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Sri Ningsih ◽  
Fahri Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
A Value

 Objective: Hyperuricemia (high uric acid levels) prevalence increased year by year. This study was aimed to elaborate the in vitro xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity and in vivo lowering hyperuricemic effect of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) (gambir), Caesalpinia sappan L. (secang) and the combined extract of secang and gambir (formulae extract [FE]).Methods: Gambir and secang extracts were prepared by maceration with ethanol and FE was the proportioned combination of these two extracts. XO inhibitory activity was determined by measuring the formation of uric acid in the xanthine/XO system in vitro using allopurinol as a positive control at 100 ug/mL. Antioxidant activity was by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical reducing methods. The in vivo experiments were conducted in the oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat model, in which FE was gavaged p.o. at the arrange dose of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bw for 2 weeks. Polyphenol content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent spectrophotometrically.Results: The XO inhibitory activity of FE was 80% of allopurinol, while secang and gambir were 98% and 50%, respectively. The strength was appropriate to the total polyphenol content, in which it decreased in the order of secang (99%) > FE (86%) > gambir (46%). Furthermore, FE at all tested doses was able to decrease uric acid levels. FE also demonstrated antioxidant activity with a value of 74% relative to Vitamin C at 4 ug/mL.Conclusion: These studies could be concluded that FE exhibited the ability to decrease uric acid level so that it was potential to be developed further as a uric acid-lowering agent.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase-1 Inhibitory Activity of Two Flavonoids Isolated fromPistacia integerrimaJ. L. Stewart Galls

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Ghias Uddin ◽  
Bina S. Siddiqui ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Pistacia integerrimais one of twenty species among the genusPistacia. Long horn-shaped galls that develop on this plant are harvested and used in Ayurveda and Indian traditional medicine to make “karkatshringi”, a herbal medicine used for the treatment of asthma and different disorders of respiratory tract. However, until now, the molecular mechanisms of action of “karkatshringi” and its chemical characterization are partially known. This study deals with the isolation and characterization of the active constituents from the methanolic extract ofP. integerrimagalls and it was also oriented to evaluatein vitroandin silicotheir potential enzymatic inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1), a well-known enzyme involved in airway smooth muscle activity and airway inflammation. Our results showed that the methanolic extract ofP. integerrimagalls and some of its active constituents [naringenin (1) and 3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-flavanone (2)] are ablein vitroto inhibit PDE1 activity (59.20 ± 4.95%, 75.90 ± 5.90%, and 65.25 ± 5.25%, resp.) and demonstratein silicoan interesting interaction with this enzymatic site. Taken together, our results add new knowledge of chemical constituents responsible for the biological activity ofP. integerrimaand contextually legitimate the use of this plant in folk medicine.

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