scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effect of Geopropolis fromMelipona scutellarisIs Dependent on Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo Aparecido Ribeiro-Junior ◽  
Marcelo Franchin ◽  
Miriam Elias Cavallini ◽  
Carina Denny ◽  
Severino Matias de Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Gastroprotective Activity ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Antisecretory Activity ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Prior Administration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) fromMelipona scutellarisand to investigate the possible mechanisms of action. The gastroprotective activity of the EEGP was evaluated using model ulcer induced by ethanol. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of action, we investigated the involvement of the nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups, nitric oxide and prostaglandins. In addition, the antisecretory activity of EEGP was also evaluated by pylorus ligated model. The EEGP orally administrated (300 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerative lesions induced by the ethanol (P<0.05). Regarding the mechanism of action, the prior administration of nitric oxide and prostaglandins antagonists suppressed the activity of gastroprotective EEGP (P<0.05). On the other hand the gastroprotective activity of EEGP was kept in the group pretreated with the antagonist of the NP-SH groups; furthermore the antisecretory activity was not significant (P>0.05). These results support the alternative medicine use of geopropolis as gastroprotective and the activities observed show to be related to nitric oxide and prostaglandins production.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective Activity of Sterculia striata A. St. Hil. & Naudin (Malvaceae) in Rodents

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Joubert A. Sousa ◽  
Irisdalva S. Oliveira ◽  
Francilene V. Silva ◽  
Danielly A. Costa ◽  
Mariana H. Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Gastroprotective Activity

The Sterculia striata ethanolic extract (Ss-EtOH) inhibited gastric lesions induced by ethanol, HCl/ethanol, and ischemia/reperfusion, but not those induced by indomethacin, and did not alter the gastric secretion. Ss-EtOH restored the catalase activity and content of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in the stomach of mice treated with ethanol. The gastroprotection induced by Ss-EtOH in the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model was abolished by NG-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) pretreatment, suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide and antioxidant compounds, but not prostaglandins, in this activity. Lupeol obtained from Ss-EtOH promoted gastroprotection as well as the extract at the same dose, and it must therefore contribute to the observed effects

scholarly journals Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Allison M. Rice ◽  
Yueming Long ◽  
S. Bruce King
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Reductive Metabolism

Nitroaromatic antibiotics show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding use in the treatment of Heliobacter pylori infections, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Despite this activity and a clear need for the development of new treatments for these conditions, the associated toxicity and lack of clear mechanisms of action have limited their therapeutic development. Nitroaromatic antibiotics require reductive bioactivation for activity and this reductive metabolism can convert the nitro group to nitric oxide (NO) or a related reactive nitrogen species (RNS). As nitric oxide plays important roles in the defensive immune response to bacterial infection through both signaling and redox-mediated pathways, defining controlled NO generation pathways from these antibiotics would allow the design of new therapeutics. This review focuses on the release of nitrogen oxide species from various nitroaromatic antibiotics to portend the increased ability for these compounds to positively impact infectious disease treatment.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽  
Fatehya M Metwally ◽  
Hend Rashad ◽  
Asmaa M Zaazaa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated<br />hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.<br />Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard<br />rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,<br />and simvastatin-treated group.<br />Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index<br />(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.<br />Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin<br />values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or<br />simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value<br />in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,<br />noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with<br />either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes<br />(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with<br />ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.<br />Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related<br />metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and<br />antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.<br />Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.</p>

CO2 laser enhances the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings by stimulating NO synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-807
Author(s):  
Yi-ping Chen ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Treatment

To investigate the mechanism by which laser irradiation enhances the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings, seeds were exposed to different treatments, and biochemical parameters were measured. Compared with the control group, chilling stress (CS) led to an increase in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, and decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and protein. Treatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), sodium tungstate (ST), and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) followed by CS resulted in further increases in the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 and further decreases in the other parameters. However, treatment with PTIO, ST, and L-NAME followed by laser irradiation had the opposite effects on these parameters. When the seeds were treated with PTIO, ST, and L-NAME followed by laser and CS, the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 were significantly lower and the other parameters were higher than in the PTIO, ST, and L-NAME plus CS groups. These results suggest that CO2 laser irradiation enhances the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings by stimulating endogenous NO synthesis.

scholarly journals Thiol-sensitive sites in cell adhesion. Decreased entry of SH-binding reagents into attached BHK cells

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D McAbee ◽  
F Grinnell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bhk Cells ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Cytoplasmic Proteins ◽  
Adhesion Process ◽  
Suspended Cells

Studies were carried out to learn more about the critical SH groups involved in cell spreading. Pretreatment of suspended baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells with 3 mM-iodoacetate or iodoacetamide for 10 min at 4 degrees C completely inhibited the ability of the cells to spread on fibronectin-coated substrata. If, however, BHK cells were permitted to attach and spread before being treated with the SH-binding reagents, and then harvested by trypsinization and assayed for spreading on fibronectin-coated substrata, there was no inhibition of cell spreading. The extent of prior attachment required before the cells became insensitive to the SH-binding reagents was tested and was found to occur early during the cell adhesion process, before any cell spreading was observed. In analytical experiments, there did not appear to be any difference in the total number of SH groups between suspended or spread cells as determined with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The uptake of radiolabelled iodoacetate into intact spread cells, however, was found to be 3.5 times less than that found with suspended cells. On the other hand, the distribution of incorporated radioactivity into suspended and spread cells was similar. Most of the radioactivity (approximately 70%) was incorporated into small molecules (e.g. glutathione and cysteine), less (approximately 20%) was incorporated into cytoplasmic proteins, and the least incorporation (approximately 10%) was into the cell cytoskeleton. The data are interpreted to indicate there is a decreased permeability of spread cells to the SH-binding reagents.

NO, CO and H2S based pharmaceuticals in the mission of vision (eye health): a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mohammad Mir ◽  
Ram Charitra Maurya ◽  
Mohd Washid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract A set of well defined signaling molecules responsible for normal functioning of human physiology including nitric oxide along with carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide are referred as “gasotransmitters”. Due to their involvement in almost every system of a human body, the care of highly sensitive organs using these molecules as drugs represents highly fascinating area of research. In connection with these interesting aspects, the applied aspects of these gaseous molecules in maintaining healthy eye and vision have been targeted in this review. Several examples of eye-droppers including NORMs like latanoprost and nipradiol, CORMs like CORM-3 and CORM-A1, and Hydrogen sulfide releasing system like GYY4137 have been discussed in this context. Therefore the relation of these trio-gasotransmitters with the ophthalmic homeostasis on one hand, and de-infecting role on the other hand has been mainly highlighted. Some molecular systems capable of mimicking gasotransmitter action have also been introduced in connection with the titled theme.

scholarly journals Cooperative Roles of Nitric Oxide-Metabolizing Enzymes To Counteract Nitrosative Stress in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimizu ◽  
Akio Matsumoto ◽  
Masatoshi Noda
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions

ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has at least three enzymes, NorV, Hmp, and Hcp, that act independently to lower the toxicity of nitric oxide (NO), a potent antimicrobial molecule. This study aimed to reveal the cooperative roles of these defensive enzymes in EHEC against nitrosative stress. Under anaerobic conditions, combined deletion of all three enzymes significantly increased the NO sensitivity of EHEC determined by the growth at late stationary phase; however, the expression of norV restored the NO resistance of EHEC. On the other hand, the growth of Δhmp mutant EHEC was inhibited after early stationary phase, indicating that NorV and Hmp play a cooperative role in anaerobic growth. Under microaerobic conditions, the growth of Δhmp mutant EHEC was inhibited by NO, indicating that Hmp is the enzyme that protects cells from NO stress under microaerobic conditions. When EHEC cells were exposed to a lower concentration of NO, the NO level in bacterial cells of Δhcp mutant EHEC was higher than those of the other EHEC mutants, suggesting that Hcp is effective at regulating NO levels only at a low concentration. These findings of a low level of NO in bacterial cells with hcp indicate that the NO consumption activity of Hcp was suppressed by Hmp at a low range of NO concentrations. Taken together, these results show that the cooperative effects of NO-metabolizing enzymes are regulated by the range of NO concentrations to which the EHEC cells are exposed.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extract Mixture of Annona senegalensis Pers. and Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Komlatsè Togbenou ◽  
Kokou Idoh ◽  
Kossivi Dosseh ◽  
Tchazou Kpatcha ◽  
Amégnona Agbonon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
No Production ◽  
Leukocyte Infiltration ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Component ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) and Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) (Leguminoseae)  are two medicinal plants used, often in combination, in traditional Togolese medicine for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the hydro-ethanolic extract (EHEM) of the combination of A. senegalensis and P. thonningii (1: 1, m: m). Methods: The ovalbumin-induced allergic airway asthma model was used. Animals made asthmatic were treated with EHEM at doses of 250 and 500 mg / kg. Inflammation markers including histamine, nitric oxide (NO), vascular leakage, leukocyte infiltration in the airways, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. Results: Compared to the SNT group, EHEM inhibits the infiltration of the airways by leukocytes (850,00 × 103 ± 50 cells / mL vs 1830 × 103 ± 53,85 cells / mL for ST500 mg / kg, P <0,05). It inhibited vascular permeability to Evans Blue (10,40 ± 0,270 μg / mL vs ST500, p<0,05). It inhibited histamine release (13,95 ± 0,937 μg / mL vs 32,78 ± 1,044 μg / mL, p<0,05) and NO production (0,211 ± 0,008 Μm vs 0,315 ± 0,022 μM, p<0,05). It finally inhibited MDA production (14,66 ± 0,533 nM / mL vs 9,014 ± 0,366 nM / mL and 7,149 ± 0,300 nM / mL, p<0,05) in lung tissue. Conclusion: Our results suggest that EHEM inhibits OVA-induced inflammation. These results justify the use of this combination of plants in traditional Togolese medicine. Keywords: Inflammation, malondialdehyde, Annona senegalensis, Piliostigma thonningii.

scholarly journals Bioflavonoid-Induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Amastigotes and Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani: Deciphering the Mode of Action

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5843
Author(s):  
Shaila Mehwish ◽  
Sanjay Varikuti ◽  
Mubarak Ali Khan ◽  
Tariq Khan ◽  
Imdad Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Ic50 Values

Natural products from plants contain many interesting biomolecules. Among them, quercetin (Q), gallic acid (GA), and rutin (R) all have well-reported antileishmanial activity; however, their exact mechanisms of action are still not known. The current study is a step forward towards unveil the possible modes of action of these compounds against Leishmania donovani (the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis). The selected compounds were checked for their mechanisms of action against L. donovani using different biological assays including apoptosis and necrosis evaluation, effects on genetic material (DNA), quantitative testing of nitric oxide production, ultrastructural modification via transmission electron microscopy, and real-time PCR analysis. The results confirmed that these compounds are active against L. donovani, with IC50 values of 84.65 µg/mL, 86 µg/mL, and 98 µg/mL for Q, GA, and R, respectively. These compounds increased nitric oxide production and caused apoptosis and DNA damage, which led to changes in the treated cells’ ultrastructural behavior and finally to the death of L. donovani. These compounds also suppressed essential enzymes like trypanothione reductase and trypanothione synthetase, which are critical for leishmanial survival. The selected compounds have high antileishmanial potentials, and thus in-vivo testing and further screening are highly recommended.

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