Effects of Light Intensity Activity on CVD Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies

The effects of light intensity physical activity (LIPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors remain to be established. This review summarizes the effects of LIPA on CVD risk factors and CVD-related markers in adults. A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Academic Search Complete, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) examining LIPA and CVD risk factors (body composition, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid profile) and CVD-related markers (maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2) published between 1970 and 2015 was performed on 15 March 2015. A total of 33 intervention studies examining the effect of LIPA on CVD risk factors and markers were included in this review. Results indicated that LIPA did not improve CVD risk factors and CVD-related markers in healthy individuals. LIPA was found to improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure in physically inactive populations with a medical condition. Reviewed studies show little support for the role of LIPA to reduce CVD risk factors. Many of the included studies were of low to fair study quality and used low doses of LIPA. Further studies are needed to establish the value of LIPA in reducing CVD risk.

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Tumor-necrosis Factor Inhibitors Improve Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Longstanding Rheumatoid Arthritis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-126056/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Giollo ◽

Giovanni Cioffi ◽

Federica Ognibeni ◽

Giovanni Orsolini ◽

Andrea Dalbeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Aortic Stiffness ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background. Major cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy occur in early RA patients with treat-to-target strategy. However, it is unknown whether long-term DMARDs treatment in established RA could be useful to improve CVD risk profile.Methods. Ultrasound aortic stiffness index (AoSI) has to be considered a proxy outcome measure in established RA patients. We measured AoSI in a group of RA patients on long-term treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs). Eligible participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 months; changes in serum lipids, glucose and arterial blood pressure were assessed. All patients were on stable medications during the entire follow-up. Results. We included 107 (64 TNFi and 43 csDMARDs) RA patients. Most patients (74%) were in remission or low disease activity and had some CVD risk factors (45.8% hypertension, 59.8% dyslipidemia, 45.3% smoking). The two groups did not differ significantly for baseline AoSI (5.95±3.73% vs 6.08±4.20%, p=0.867). Follow-up AoSI was significantly increased from baseline in the csDMARDs group (+1.00%; p<0.0001) but not in the TNFi group (+0.15%, p=0.477). Patients on TNFi had significantly lower follow-up AoSI from baseline than the csDMARD group (-1.02%, p<0.001; ANCOVA corrected for baseline AoSI, age and systolic blood pressure). Furthermore, follow-up AoSI was significantly lower in TNFi users with 1-2 or >2 CVD risk factors than in those without. Conclusion. Long-term treatment with TNFi was associated with reduced aortic stiffness in patients with established RA and several CVD risk factors.

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Do genetic variations alter the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular disease and can we identify the candidate variants now or in the future?

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00153.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 916-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

James M. Hagberg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Impact

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors are highly heritable, and numerous lines of evidence indicate they have a strong genetic basis. While there is nothing known about the interactive effects of genetics and exercise training on CVD itself, there is at least some literature addressing their interactive effect on CVD risk factors. There is some evidence indicating that CVD risk factor responses to exercise training are also heritable and, thus, may have a genetic basis. While roughly 100 studies have reported significant effects of genetic variants on CVD risk factor responses to exercise training, no definitive conclusions can be generated at the present time, because of the lack of consistent and replicated results and the small sample sizes evident in most studies. There is some evidence supporting “possible” candidate genes that may affect these responses to exercise training: APO E and CETP for plasma lipoprotein-lipid profiles; eNOS, ACE, EDN1, and GNB3 for blood pressure; PPARG for type 2 diabetes phenotypes; and FTO and BAR genes for obesity-related phenotypes. However, while genotyping technologies and statistical methods are advancing rapidly, the primary limitation in this field is the need to generate what in terms of exercise intervention studies would be almost incomprehensible sample sizes. Most recent diabetes, obesity, and blood pressure genetic studies have utilized populations of 10,000–250,000 subjects, which result in the necessary statistical power to detect the magnitude of effects that would probably be expected for the impact of an individual gene on CVD risk factor responses to exercise training. Thus at this time it is difficult to see how this field will advance in the future to the point where robust, consistent, and replicated data are available to address these issues. However, the results of recent large-scale genomewide association studies for baseline CVD risk factors may drive future hypothesis-driven exercise training intervention studies in smaller populations addressing the impact of specific genetic variants on well-defined physiological phenotypes.

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Geographical profiles of cardiovascular risk and the risk factors in China: data from a nationwide population-based screening project

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

C.Q Wu ◽

X Li ◽

J.P Lu ◽

B.W Chen ◽

Y.C Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Population Based ◽

Staple Food ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Food Factor ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Activity Factor

Abstract Background In China, an abundance of cardiovascular risk factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which caused almost 4 million deaths per year. However, comprehensive evidence on the geographical profiles of cardiovascular disease risk in China is lacking, as findings in prior studies have been limited to relatively small sample sizes, had incomplete regional coverage, or focused on a narrow risk factor spectrum. Purpose To compare the population CVD risk among different regions across China, and to describe the geographical distributions of CVD risk factors and their clusters throughout the nation. Methods In a nationwide population-based screening project covering 252 counties of China, standardized measurements were conducted to collect information on 12 major CVD risk factors. Individuals of high CVD risk were identified as those with previous CVD, or with a predicted 10-year risk of CVD greater than 10% according to the WHO risk prediction charts. We applied factor analysis to generate “clusters” that characterized the clustering of these risk factors, then explored their relationship with the local ambient temperature and per capital GDP. Results Among 983476 participants included, 9.2% were of high CVD risk, with a range of 1.6% to 23.6% across counties. Among the seven regions in China, the rate was relatively high in the Northeast (11.8%) and North China (10.4%), while low in the South China (7.2%) and Northwest (7.8%). We identified 6 clusters underlying CVD risk factors, including Obesity factor, Blood pressure factor, Staple food factor, Non-staple food factor, Smoking and alcohol factor, and Metabolic and physical activity factor (Figure). We found high risk regions were facing different leading challenges, like obesity and blood pressure for the North China, while unhealthy non-staple food for the Northeast. The South China, as the region with the lowest CVD risk, still had the highest prevalence of unhealthy staple food. Lower annual average ambient temperature was associated with higher risk in Blood pressure factor, Obesity factor and Non-staple food factor, but lower risk in Staple food factor and Metabolic and physical activity factor (p<0.001 for all), consistently between rural and urban. Higher per capital GDP was associated with lower risk in Non-staple food factor in urban and higher risk in Metabolic and physical activity factor in rural (p<0.05 for both). The correlation between per capital GDP and Smoking and alcohol factor differed significantly between in rural and urban regions (p=0.042). Conclusions The geographical profile of CVD risk in China is complex - population risk levels varied substantially across regions, which were contributed by different risk factors. China needs geographically targeted intervention strategies considering environmental and socio-economic factors to control CVD risk and reduce the burden related to CVD. Geographical disparity of risk clusters Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science

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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Blockade Improves Uterine Artery Resistance, Maternal Blood Pressure, and Fetal Growth in Placental Ischemic Rats

Pregnancy Hypertension ◽

10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olivia K Travis ◽

Geilda A Tardo ◽

Chelsea Giachelli ◽

Shani Siddiq ◽

Henry Thai Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Alpha Blockade ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Maternal Blood Pressure

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Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01826-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Svein Ivar Bekkelund

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Caucasian Population ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Abstract Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

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Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 634-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ehsan Ghaedi ◽

Mohammad Mohammadi ◽

Hamed Mohammadi ◽

Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie ◽

Janmohamad Malekzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Paleolithic Diet ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACTThere is some evidence supporting the beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This diet advises consuming lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and avoiding intake of grains, dairy products, processed foods, and added sugar and salt. This study was performed to assess the effects of a PD on CVD risk factors including anthropometric indexes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers using data from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to August 2018. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size. Meta-analysis of 8 eligible studies revealed that a PD significantly reduced body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.68 kg; 95% CI: −2.86, −0.49 kg], waist circumference (WMD = −2.72 cm; 95% CI: −4.04, −1.40 cm), BMI (in kg/m2) (WMD = −1.54; 95% CI: −2.22, −0.87), body fat percentage (WMD = −1.31%; 95% CI: −2.06%, −0.57%), systolic (WMD = −4.75 mm Hg; 95% CI: −7.54, −1.96 mm Hg) and diastolic (WMD = −3.23 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.77, −1.69 mm Hg) blood pressure, and circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.04 mmol/L), triglycerides (WMD = −0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.06 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (WMD = −0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.01 mmol/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = −0.48 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.16 mg/L) and also significantly increased HDL cholesterol (WMD = 0.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11 mmol/L). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of a PD on lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, and circulating CRP concentrations were sensitive to removing some studies and to the correlation coefficients, hence the results must be interpreted with caution. Although the present meta-analysis revealed that a PD has favorable effects on CVD risk factors, the evidence is not conclusive and more well-designed trials are still needed.

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Anti-tumor necrosis factor-induced lupus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a hospital-based cohort study from Korea

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1177/1756284821997794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 175628482199779

Author(s):

Su Jin Choi ◽

Soo Min Ahn ◽

Ji Seon Oh ◽

Seokchan Hong ◽

Chang-Keun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Mucocutaneous Symptoms

Background: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents are increasingly used for rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but are associated with the development of anti-TNF-induced lupus (ATIL). Nonetheless, few ATIL studies on non-Caucasian IBD patients exist. Here, we investigated the incidence, clinical features, and risk factors of ATIL in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of IBD patients undergoing anti-TNF therapy at our tertiary IBD center between 2008 and 2020. ATIL was diagnosed as a temporal association between symptoms and anti-TNF agents, and the presence of at least one serologic and non-serologic American College of Rheumatology criterion. The risk factors for ATIL occurrence were assessed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Of 1362 IBD patients treated with anti-TNF agents, 50 (3.7%) ATIL cases were suspected, of which 14 (1.0%) received a definitive diagnosis. Arthritis and mucocutaneous symptoms were observed in 13 and 4 patients, respectively. All ATIL cases were positive for anti-nuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Four patients (30.8%) improved while continuing anti-TNF therapy. At the final follow up, the ATIL group ( n = 14) had a lower IBD remission rate (30.8% versus 68.8%, p = 0.019) than the non-ATIL group ( n = 36). Ulcerative colitis and longer disease duration were associated with ATIL occurrence, with hazard ratios of 7.017 ( p = 0.005) and 1.118 ( p = 0.002), respectively. Conclusion: Although rare, ATIL is associated with poor treatment response to IBD in Korean patients. ATIL should be considered if arthritis and mucocutaneous symptoms develop during anti-TNF therapy for IBD.

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