scholarly journals Mushroomβ-Glucan May Immunomodulate the Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Lewis Lung Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Jhen Wang ◽  
Yu-Sheng Wu ◽  
Sherwin Chen ◽  
Chi-Feng Liu ◽  
Shiu-Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Lewis Lung ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Antrodia Camphorata ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
M1 Phenotype ◽  
Cox 2

The present study showed that oral mushroom beta-glucan treatment significantly increased IFN-γmRNA expression but significantly reduced COX-2 mRNA expression within the lung. For LLC tumor model, oralGanoderma lucidumorAntrodia camphoratapolysaccharides treatments significantly reduced TGF-βproduction in serum. In addition, IL-12 and IFN-γmRNA expression were significantly increased, but IL-6, IL-10, COX-2, and TGF-βmRNA expression were substantially following oral mushroom polysaccharides treatments. The study highlights the efficacious effect of mushroom polysaccharides for ameliorating the immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Increased M1 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and attenuated M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages could be achieved by ingesting mushroom polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Differential expression of cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 in the bovine oviduct

2006 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Odau ◽  
Christoph Gabler ◽  
Christoph Holder ◽  
Ralf Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽  
Epithelial Cell Layer ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cycle Dependent ◽  
Cox 1

The aim of the present study was to investigate the enzymes for the local prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis present in the bovine oviduct during the estrous cycle to influence early reproductive events. Bovine oviducts were classified into four phases: pre-ovulatory, post-ovulatory, early-to-mid luteal, and late luteal phase, subdivided further into ipsi- or contralateral site and separated into ampulla or isthmus. Oviductal cells were gained by flushing the oviductal regions. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR was performed for the secretory and cytosolic phospholipases A2 (sPLA2IB, cPLA2α, and cPLA2β) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) as the first step enzymes of PG synthesis. COX-1 and cPLA2β showed significant highest mRNA expression around and before ovulation compared with the luteal phase respectively. sPLA2IB and cPLA2α mRNA expression was unregulated during the estrous cycle. Regional differences in mRNA content were found for sPLA2IB with higher mRNA expression in the ampulla than in the isthmus. Western blot analysis revealed the highest COX-1 protein content in the early-to-mid luteal phase. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that COX-1 was localized in epithelial and smooth muscle cells, whereas COX-2 was only localized in epithelial cells. COX-2 showed a differential distribution within the epithelial cell layer suggesting a regulation on a cellular level, although the COX-2 mRNA and protein amounts did not vary throughout the estrous cycle. A COX activity assay of oviductal cells revealed that COX activity originated predominantly from COX-1 than from COX-2. Treatment of primary oviductal cells with 10 pg/ml 17β-estradiol or 10 ng/ml progesterone resulted in a higher expression of COX-2 and cPLA2α, but not of the other enzymes. The expression pattern of these enzymes suggests that an estrous-cycle dependent and region-specific PG synthesis in the bovine oviduct may be required for a successful reproduction.

Grape Polyphenols Inhibit Chronic Ethanol-Induced COX-2 mRNA Expression in Rat Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Simonyi ◽  
Danielle Woods ◽  
Albert Y. Sun ◽  
Grace Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Grape Polyphenols ◽  
Cox 2

scholarly journals Self-Assembled Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Mediated Tumor-Associated Macrophages Reprogramming and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
husun qian ◽  
Yixin Fu ◽  
Minkang Guo ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
Dian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Tetrahedral Framework ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Cpg Odns ◽  
Targeting Delivery ◽  
M1 Phenotype ◽  
Self Assembled

Abstract There is increasing interest in depleting or repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to generate a pro-inflammatory effect. However, TAMs usually display an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in tumor microenvironment. Apparently, developing a macrophage targeting delivery system with immunomodulatory agents is urgent. In the study, an efficient siRNAs and CpG ODNs delivery system (CpG-siRNA-tFNA) was prepared with nucleic acid stepwise self-assembled. The tFNA composed of CpG ODNs and siRNAs showed a higher stability and an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA effectively reprogrammed TAMs toward M1 phenotype polarization with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and NF-κB signal pathways activation, which triggers dramatical antitumor immune responses. Hence, we have developed an efficient and reliable TAM-targeted therapeutic with immunomodulatory agents for for clinical applications.

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and hormone receptor status in breast cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McCarthy ◽  
S.A. Bustin ◽  
B. Ogunkolade ◽  
S. Khalaf ◽  
C.A. Laban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hormone Receptor Status ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Cox 2

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) reduces the COX-2 mRNA expression in both subplantar and total brain tissues in the model of peripheral inflammation induced by administration of carrageenan

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1397-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Guimarães Prianti ◽  
José Antonio Silva ◽  
Regiane Feliciano dos Santos ◽  
Isabela Bueno Rosseti ◽  
Maricilia Silva Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Inflammation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Brain Tissues

scholarly journals Bakuchiol Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Via the Downregulation of the p38 MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Sun Lim ◽  
Yu Jin Kim ◽  
Bu-Yeo Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of bakuchiol on the inflammatory response and to identify the molecular mechanism of the inflammatory effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 mouse microglial cell line and mice model. The production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6 was measured using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was determined by western blot analysis. In vitro experiments, bakuchiol significantly suppressed the production of PGE2 and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, without causing cytotoxicity. In parallel, bakuchiol significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6 in BV-2 cells. However, bakuchiol had no effect on the LPS-stimulated production and mRNA expression of TNF-α or on LPS-stimulated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation. In contrast, p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation were inhibited by bakuchiol. In vivo experiments, Bakuchiol reduced microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex tissue of LPS-injected mice. Bakuchiol significantly suppressed LPS-injected production of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. These results indicate that the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of bakuchiol in activated microglia are mainly regulated by the inhibition of the p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. We suggest that bakuchiol may be beneficial for various neuroinflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent immune response in milk cells and mammary tissue after intramammary administration of lipopolysaccharide in dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Werner-Misof ◽  
M.W. Pfaffl ◽  
R.M. Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cox 2

The immune response in milk cells and the status of mammary tight junctions (TJ) in response to intramammary (IM) infusion of different doses of <i>Escherichia col</i>i lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. <i>Experiment I</i>: Seven German Braunvieh cows were IM infused into one quarter with 1 &mu;g (LPS-1) and 3 &mu;g (LPS-3) of LPS, respectively, and the contralateral control quarter with saline (9 g/l; C). Milk samples were taken immediately before and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 84 and 108 h after infusion and analysed for somatic cell counts (SCC), lactose, sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions, and electrical conductivity (EC). Milk cell mRNA expression of various inflammatory factors was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Blood samples were taken immediately after milking for the analysis of leukocytes (WBC), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), Na and Cl. Milk SCC, lactose, Na, Cl and EC did not differ significantly between LPS-1 and C quarters after the challenge. In LPS-3 quarters SCC levels increased within the first 12 h, reached peak levels between 12 and 36 h (<i>P</i> &le; 0.001) and decreased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) thereafter to reach baseline at 108 hours. Lactose in LPS-3 quarters decreased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) to a minimum at 24 h and increased slightly thereafter while EC, Na, and Cl increased transiently in response to LPS-3. WBC and PMN levels in both groups decreased numerically within 24 h after LPS administration. In LPS-1, WBC at 24, 48 and 108 h were significantly lower whereas in LPS-3 they were significantly higher than at time 0. TNF&alpha;-mRNA expression in both groups did not change in response to IM LPS-challenge. IL-1&beta;-mRNA expression at 12, 24 and 36 h in LPS-1 quarters increased significantly as compared to time 0. In LPS-3 quarters the mRNA expression values of all tested ILs increased significantly as compared to time 0 within 12 h after LPS-challenge. IL-1&beta;-mRNA expression decreased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) at 48 and 84 h in LPS quarters. IL-8 mRNA was significantly decreased at 84 h after challenge in LPS-3 quarters. COX-2-mRNA expression in LPS-1 quarters decreased significantly as compared to time 0 at 48, 84 and 108 h, with a minimum at 84 h (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05). In LPS-3 quarters COX-2-mRNA levels increased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) within 48 h after the LPS-challenge. <i>Experiment II</i>: Six cows (5 German Braunvieh, 1 Brown Swiss) were injected in one quarter with 100 &mu;g LPS and in the contralateral quarter with saline (9 g/l; C). Mammary biopsy samples of both quarters were taken immediately before and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after infusion and mRNA expression of TJ proteins occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens (ZO-) 1, 2 and 3 were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. OCLN-mRNA expression did not change in response to the IM infusion while that of ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3 decreased significantly within six hours. In conclusion, a dose of 1 &mu;g LPS did not initiate a immune response in the mammary gland. Furthermore the dose of 100 &mu;g of LPS enhanced TJ permeability by reducing TJ plaque proteins density.

Panax notoginseng Inhibits Tumor Growth through Activating Macrophage to M1 Polarization

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 1369-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Eun-Yeong Kim ◽  
Eun-Ji Lee ◽  
Jung Ho Han ◽  
Chung-Hwan Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
M1 Polarization ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
M1 Phenotype

Among the herbal ingredients of HangAmDan-B, a medicinal formula that redirects macrophages to become tumoricidal effectors, we found that Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is the active component responsible for its macrophage-mediated antitumor activity. The water extracted roots of P. notoginseng (PN) did not affect the viability of RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells and murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells up to a concentration of 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. However, the transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells suppressed the growth of LLC cells. The expression of classically activated (M1) markers, such as interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was increased by PN treatment. The expression of alternatively activated (M2) markers including CD206, IL-10, and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-acetylhexosaminidases (YM-1) was reduced by PN treatment in the presence of IL-4. Flow cytometry also revealed that PN drives M1 activation of RAW264.7 cells. The transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells induced the apoptosis of LLC cells as measured by flow cytometry using Annexin-V staining and western blot analysis for caspase cascade-related proteins. In addition, the results from in vivo tumor allograft model demonstrated that PN reduced both tumor volume and weight. The activation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype was confirmed in the tumor allograft tumor model. These results collectively show that PN can serve as a potent anticancer agent through reeducation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype.

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