Urinary F2-Isoprostanes and Metabolic Markers of Fat Oxidation

Metabolomic studies of increased fat oxidation showed increase in circulating acylcarnitines C2, C8, C10, and C12 and decrease in C3, C4, and C5. We hypothesize that urinary F2-isoprostanes reflect intensity of fatty acid oxidation and are associated with circulating C2, C8, C10, and C12 directly and with C3, C4, and C5 inversely. Four urinary F2-isoprostane isomers and serum acylcarnitines are quantified using LC-MS/MS within the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study nondiabetic cohort (n= 682). Cross-sectional associations between fasting urinary F2-isoprostanes (summarized as a composite index) and the selected acylcarnitines are examined using generalized linear models. F2-isoprostane index is associated with C2 and C12 directly and with C5 inversely: the adjusted beta coefficients are 0.109, 0.072, and −0.094, respectively (P< 0.05). For these acylcarnitines and for F2-isoprostanes, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of incident diabetes are calculated from logistic regression models: the ORs (95% CI) are 0.77 (0.60–0.97), 0.79 (0.62–1.01), 1.18 (0.92–1.53), and 0.51 (0.35–0.76) for C2, C12, C5, and F2-isoprostanes, respectively. The direction of the associations between urinary F2-isoprostanes and three acylcarnitines (C2, C5, and C12) supports our hypothesis. The inverse associations of C2 and C12 and with incident diabetes are consistent with the suggested protective role of efficient fat oxidation.

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Associations of Plasma 3-Methylhistidine with Frailty Status in French Cohorts of the FRAILOMIC Initiative

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8071010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bastian Kochlik ◽

Wolfgang Stuetz ◽

Karine Pérès ◽

Catherine Féart ◽

Jesper Tegner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Linear Models ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Functional Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Imaging Parameters ◽

Frailty Criteria

Frailty and sarcopenia are characterized by a loss of muscle mass and functionality and are diagnosed mainly by functional tests and imaging parameters. However, more muscle specific biomarkers are needed to improve frailty diagnosis. Plasma 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), as well as the 3-MH-to-creatinine (3-MH/Crea) and 3-MH-to-estimated glomerular filtration rate (3-MH/eGFR) ratios might support the diagnosis of frailty. Therefore, we investigated the cross-sectional associations between plasma 3-MH, 3-MH/Crea and 3-MH/eGFR with the frailty status of community-dwelling individuals (>65 years). 360 participants from two French cohorts of the FRAILOMIC initiative were classified into robust, pre-frail and frail according to Fried’s frailty criteria. General linear models as well as bivariate and multiple linear and logistic regression models, which were adjusted for several confounders, were applied to determine associations between biomarkers and frailty status. The present study consisted of 37.8% robust, 43.1% pre-frail and 19.2% frail participants. Frail participants had significantly higher plasma 3-MH, 3-MH/Crea and 3-MH/eGFR ratios than robust individuals, and these biomarkers were positively associated with frailty status. Additionally, the likelihood to be frail was significantly higher for every increase in 3-MH (1.31-fold) and 3-MH/GFR (1.35-fold) quintile after adjusting for confounders. We conclude that 3-MH, 3-MH/Crea and 3-MH/eGFR in plasma might be potential biomarkers to identify frail individuals or those at higher risk to be frail, and we assume that there might be biomarker thresholds to identify these individuals. However, further, especially longitudinal studies are needed.

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Sleep, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Overweight/Obese Young Adults: A Pilot Study Using the SenseWear® Armband

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800418791047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 541-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

EunSeok Cha ◽

Molly Sarah Talman ◽

Ann H. Massey ◽

Fengxia Yan ◽

Ann E. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Linear Models ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Markers

Aim: This pilot study examined associations between sleep quality and metabolic risk profiles, underlying hormones, inflammatory markers, and behaviors in overweight and obese young adults, aged 18–29 years. Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study design. Method: A partial sample ( n = 29) was re-recruited from a parent study on screening for risk of early-onset diabetes. BodyMedia’s SenseWear® armband was used to assess sleep quality. Based on the percentage of consolidated sleep days during the past week, participants were classified as poor, fair, or good sleepers. Multiple multivariate general linear models were used to examine group differences in study variables after adjusting for obesity impact. Results: There were no significant differences among groups in age (mean 23.5 ± 2.9 years) or body mass index (mean 38.0 ± 8.9 kg/m2). Good sleepers ( n = 12, 41.4%) showed the longest nocturnal sleep duration (7:53 ± 1:00 hr), followed by fair ( n = 12, 41.4%, 7:23 ± 1:34 hr) and poor sleepers ( n = 5, 17.2%, 5:34 ± 0:56 hr). Poor sleepers showed the highest plasma resistin (η2 = .103) and ghrelin (η2 = .205) levels and caloric (η2 = .255) and sodium (η2 = .156) intakes. No differences in clinical metabolic markers or serum leptin or adiponectin were observed. Conclusions: Overweight/obese young adults had irregular sleep schedules and patterns, indicators of poor sleep quality, that were possibly associated with changes in dietary behaviors and underlying plasma hormones. In addition to traditional clinical cardiometabolic markers, plasma resistin and ghrelin may be good predictors of heightened vulnerability to cardiometabolic diseases in overweight/obese young adults with poor-quality sleep.

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Associations between urinary hydration markers and metabolic dysfunction: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data, 2008–2010

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02575-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiphaine Vanhaecke ◽

Alberto Dolci ◽

Victor L. Fulgoni ◽

Harris R. Lieberman

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Population Based ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Purpose Growing evidence suggests hydration plays a role in metabolic dysfunction, however data in humans are scarce. This study examined the cross-sectional association between hydration and metabolic dysfunction in a representative sample of the US population. Methods Data from 3961 adult NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) participants (49.8% female; age 46.3 ± 0.5 years) were grouped by quartile of urine specific gravity (USG, 2007–2008 cohort) or urine osmolality (UOsm, 2009–2010 cohort) as measures of hydration. Metabolic dysfunction was assessed by glycemic and insulinemic endpoints and by components of the metabolic syndrome. Multivariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Results Increasing quartiles of USG but not UOsm was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (all P < 0.01), HOMA-IR and elevated insulin (all P < 0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile, those with the highest USG but not UOsm had greater risk of metabolic syndrome (Q4 vs. Q1, OR (99% CI): 1.6 (1.0, 2.7), P = 0.01) and diabetes (Q4 vs. Q1, OR: 1.8 (1.0, 3.4), P < 0.05). Additionally, those with USG > 1.013 or UOsm > 500 mOsm/kg, common cut-off values for optimal hydration based on retrospective analyses of existing data, had less favorable metabolic markers. In a subset of participants free from diabetes mellitus, impaired kidney function, hypertension and diuretic medication, USG remained positively associated with FPG (P < 0.01) and elevated FPG (P < 0.05). Conclusion These analyses provide population-based evidence that USG as a proxy for hydration is associated with glucose homeostasis in NHANES 2007–2008. The same association was not significant when UOsm was used as a proxy for hydration in the 2009–2010 wave. Clinical trial registry Not applicable, as this was a reanalysis of existing NHANES data.

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The acetate recovery factor to correct tracer-derived dietary fat oxidation in humans

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00720.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (4) ◽

pp. E645-E653 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Audrey Bergouignan ◽

Dale A. Schoeller ◽

Susanne Votruba ◽

Chantal Simon ◽

Stéphane Blanc

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Recovery Factor ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Interventions ◽

Dietary Fat Oxidation

When using 13C tracer to measure plasma fat oxidation, an acetate recovery factor should be determined in every subject to correct for label sequestration. Less is known regarding the acetate recovery factor for dietary fatty acid oxidation. We compiled data from six studies to investigate the determinants of the dietary acetate recovery factor (dARF) at rest and after physical activity interventions and compared the effects of different methods of dARF calculation on both the fat oxidation and its variability. In healthy lean subjects, dARF was 50.6 ± 5.4% dose ( n = 56) with an interindividual coefficient of variation of 10.6% at rest and 9.2% after physical activity modifications. The physical activity interventions did not impact dARF, and the intraindividual coefficient of variation was 4.6%. No major anthropological or physiological determinants were detected except for resting metabolic rate, which explains 7.4% of the dARF variability. Applying an individual or an average group dARF did not affect the mean and the variability of the derived dietary lipid oxidation at rest or after physical activity interventions. Using a mean dARF for a group leads to over- or underestimation of fat oxidation of less than 10% in individual subjects. Moreover, the use of a group or individual correction did not affect the significant relationship found between fasting respiratory exchange ratio and dietary fat oxidation. These data indicate that an average dARF can be applied for longitudinal and cross-sectional studies investigating dietary lipid metabolism.

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Association between Physical Activity and Comorbidities in Spanish People with Asthma-COPD Overlap

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7580

Author(s):

Sheila Sánchez Castillo ◽

Lee Smith ◽

Arturo Díaz Suárez ◽

Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Short Form ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Lumbar Pain ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are important conditions which often coexist. Higher rates of comorbidities among people with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) may complicate clinical management. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 30 different comorbidities and to analyze associations between these comorbidities and physical activity (PA) in Spanish people with ACO. Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. A total of 198 Spanish people with ACO aged 15–69 years (60.6% women) were included in this study. PA was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. Diagnosis of chronic conditions were self-reported. Associations between PA and comorbidities were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. The most prevalent comorbidities were chronic allergy (58.1%), chronic lumbar pain (42.4%), chronic cervical pain (38.4%), hypertension (33.3%) and arthrosis (31.8%). A PA level lower than 600 MET·min/week was significantly associated with urinary incontinence (OR = 3.499, 95% CI = 1.369–8.944) and osteoporosis (OR = 3.056, 95% CI = 1.094–8.538) in the final adjusted model. Therefore, the potential influence of PA on reducing the risk of these conditions among people with ACO should be considered, not only because of the health benefits, but also because PA can contribute to a more sustainable world.

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The number of household members as a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84892-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mi Hong Yim ◽

Keun Ho Kim ◽

Bum Ju Lee

Keyword(s):

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Living Alone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Household Members ◽

H Pylori

AbstractPeptic ulcer disease (PUD) is caused by many sociodemographic and economic risk factors other than H. pylori infection. However, no studies reported an association between PUD and the number of household members. We showed the number of family members affected by PUD based on sex in a Korean population. This cross-sectional study used 1998–2009 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multiple binary logistic regression models adjusted for confounders were constructed to analyze the association of PUD with the number of household members. The number of household members was associated with PUD, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, glucose, location (urban/rural), income, education level, stress, current drinking, and smoking in both sexes. Men with other household members had a higher PUD risk compared to men or women living alone (reference), and the opposite was observed for women. Men with 4 household members had a higher PUD risk than men living alone in the model adjusted for age, BMI, income, location, education, and stress (OR = 2.04 [95% CI 1.28–3.27], p value = .003). Women with more than 6 household members had a lower PUD risk than women living alone in the adjusted model (OR = 0.50 [0.33–0.75], p value = .001). Women with more household members had a lower PUD risk. However, more men had PUD than women regardless of the number of household members.

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Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 among individuals with recent respiratory symptoms

Chemical Senses ◽

10.1093/chemse/bjaa081 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard C Gerkin ◽

Kathrin Ohla ◽

Maria G Veldhuizen ◽

Paule V Joseph ◽

Christine E Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symptom Onset ◽

Respiratory Symptom ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Olfactory Loss ◽

Visual Analog Scales ◽

Cardinal Symptoms ◽

Smell Loss

Abstract In a preregistered, cross-sectional study we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC=0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4<OR<10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.

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Human density, economic level and frequency of canine helminths in Buenos Aires

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

D. Rubel ◽

N. Flaibani

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

The Other ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Economic Level ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Human Density

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore through cross-sectional study the variation in the prevalence of parasitic helminths in canine faeces collected from green spaces of Buenos Aires according to the human density (HD) and economic level (EL) in the surroundings. HD and EL were considered as independent variables with three categories each. Twenty public squares (one hectare of surface) were randomly selected for each existing combination of the two independent variables. Ten random samples of fresh canine faeces were obtained in each square and analysed for helminths by the sedimentation and flotation techniques. The prevalence for each of the species was analysed using generalized linear models (GLM). The prevalence was modelled with a binomial error distribution and a logit link function. Helminth eggs were detected in 45 out of the 200 (22.5%) faecal samples collected and in 18 of the 20 green spaces sampled. The species observed were Ancylostoma caninum (13% of samples), Trichuris vulpis (8%) and Toxocara canis (4.5%). The GLM indicated that the prevalence of A. caninum in the slum areas (very high HD and very low EL) was higher than that in the other areas studied. However, the HD seemed to contribute more than the EL to the variations in the prevalence of A. caninum in faecal samples. The GLM showed no differences in the prevalence of the other parasite species for the different levels of the independent variables.

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Several frailty parameters highly prevalent in middle age (50–65) are independent predictors of adverse events

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88410-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lauriane Segaux ◽

Amaury Broussier ◽

Nadia Oubaya ◽

Claire Leissing-Desprez ◽

Marie Laurent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Middle Age ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Living Alone ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Balance Impairment ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Paris Area

AbstractAlthough frailty can arise in middle age, very few studies have investigated frailty before 65 years. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence of frailty parameters in middle-aged individuals and probe the association with future adverse events. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of community-dwelling individuals aged 50 to 65 (n = 411, median age: 59.0) having undergone a multidomain geriatric assessment (2010–2015) in an outpatient clinic in the greater Paris area of France (SUCCEED cohort). The primary outcome was a composite measure of adverse events (non-accidental falls, fractures, unplanned hospitalizations, death), recorded in 2016/2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify independent predictors. Six frailty parameters were highly prevalent (> 20%): low activity (40.1%), exhaustion (31.3%), living alone (28.5%), balance impairment (26.8%), weakness (26.7%), and executive dysfunction (23.2%). Female sex (odds ratio: 2.67 [95% confidence interval: 1.17–6.11]), living alone (2.39 [1.32–4.33]), balance impairment (2.09 [1.16–3.78]), executive dysfunction (2.61, [1.18–5.77]), and exhaustion (2.98 [1.65–5.39]) were independent predictors of adverse events. Many frailty parameters are already altered in middle-aged individuals and are predictive of adverse health events. Our findings highlight a possible need for frailty screening and preventive programs targeting middle-aged individuals.

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Patients and relatives as auditors of safe practices in oncology and hematology day hospitals

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-020-06018-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Rodrigo Rincón ◽

Isabel Irigoyen Aristorena ◽

Belén Tirapu León ◽

Nicolás Zaballos Barcala ◽

Maite Sarobe Carricas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Patient Identification ◽

Healthcare Organizations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Younger Age ◽

Day Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Safe Practices

Abstract Background When there is a gap in professionals’ adherence to safe practices during cancer treatment, the consequences can be serious. Identifying these gaps in order to enable improvements in patient safety can be a challenge. This study aimed to assess if cancer patients and their relatives can be given the skills to audit reliably four safe practices, and to explore whether they are willing to play this new role. Methods We recruited 136 participants in 2018, from the oncology and haematology day hospital of a tertiary hospital in Spain. Patient identification, hand hygiene, blood or chemotherapy identification, and side effects related to transfusion and chemotherapy, were the safe practices selected for evaluation. The study comprised two parts: an interventional educational program and a cross-sectional design to collect data and assess to what degree participants are able and willing to be auditors depending on their characteristics using multivariate logistic regression models. A participant’s auditing skill were assessed pre and post the educational intervention. Results The model was seeking predictors of being a good auditor. 63 participants (46.3%) were classified as good auditors after the training. To have younger age, higher educational level and to have had an experience of an adverse event were associated with a higher probability of being a good auditor. Additionally, 106 (77.9%) participants said that they would like to audit anonymously the professionals’ compliance of at least three of four safe practices. The willingness to audit safe practices differed depending on the safe practice but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The data gathered by patients and relatives acting as auditors can provide healthcare organizations with valuable information about safety and quality of care that is not accessible otherwise. This new role provides an innovative way to engage patients and their families’ in healthcare safety where other methods have not had success. The paper sets out the methods that healthcare organizations need to undertake to enrol and train patients and relatives in an auditor role.

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