scholarly journals Impact of Traffic Sign on Pedestrians’ Walking Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xiong ◽  
Pingfu Yao ◽  
Xuedong Guo ◽  
Chenglong Chu ◽  
Wuhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
The Impact

To study the impact of traffic sign on pedestrian walking behavior, the paper applies cellular automaton to simulate one-way pedestrian flow. The channel is defined as a rectangle with one open entrance and two exits of equal width. Traffic sign showing that exit is placed with some distance in the middle front of the two exits. In the simulation, walking environment is set with various input density, width of exit, width and length of the channel, and distance of the traffic sign to exit. Simulation results indicate that there exists a critical distance from the traffic sign to exit for a given channel layout. At the critical distance, pedestrian flow fluctuates. Below such critical distance, flow is getting larger with the increase of input density. However, the flow drops sharply when the input density is over a critical level. If the distance is a little bit further than the critical distance, the largest flow occurs and the flow can remain steady no matter what input density will be.

Simulation study of overtaking in pedestrian flow using floor field cellular automaton model

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijian Fu ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Hongtai Yang ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Moving Path

Properties of pedestrian may change along the moving path, for example, as a result of fatigue or injury, which has never been properly investigated in the past research. The paper attempts to study tactical overtaking in pedestrian flow. That is difficult to be modeled using a microscopic discrete model because of the complexity of the detailed overtaking behavior, and crossing/overlaps of pedestrian routes. Thus, a multi-velocity floor field cellular automaton model explaining the detailed psychical process of overtaking decision was proposed. Pedestrian can be either in normal state or in tactical overtaking state. Without tactical decision, pedestrians in normal state are driven by the floor field. Pedestrians make their tactical overtaking decisions by evaluating the walking environment around the overtaking route (the average velocity and density around the route, visual field of pedestrian) and obstructing conditions (the distance and velocity difference between the overtaking pedestrian and the obstructing pedestrian). The effects of tactical overtaking ratio, free velocity dispersion, and visual range on fundamental diagram, conflict density, and successful overtaking ratio were explored. Besides, the sensitivity analysis of the route factor relative intensity was performed.

Simulation to Static Recrystallization of Nb Micro Alloyed Steel by Cellular Automaton

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1622-1628
Author(s):  
Ying Zhi ◽  
Xiang Hua Liu ◽  
Zhen Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Alloyed Steel ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Micro Alloyed Steel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Strain

The model of cellular automaton (CA) for simulating the static recrystallization of Nb micro alloyed steel after hot deformation was established. The static precipitation of micro alloyed elements on the impact of static recrystallization was considered in the mode. The microstructure evolution of austenite static recrystallization of Nb micro alloyed steel was simulated dynamically, such as the the volume fraction, kinetics curve of static recrystallization, dislocation density and grain shape, were quantitatively, accurately and visually described. According to the simulation results by cellular automaton, the effects of the deformation temperature, strain rate, and other processing parameters on the microstructure of the austenite static recrystallization of Nb micro alloyed steel were analyzed. The simulation results could provide a theoretical reference for the control of the microstructure and property of Nb micro alloyed steel.

scholarly journals Exploring Boarding Strategies for High-Speed Railway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie-Qiao Tang ◽  
Yi-Xiao Shao ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Hai-Jun Huang ◽  
Ziqi Song
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Positive Impacts

In light of the increasing demand for passenger transportation on high-speed railway (HSR), the pedestrian flow at HSR stations has become quite crowded in many countries, which has attracted researchers to study the HSR boarding behavior. In this paper, we propose three boarding strategies based on the features of the boarding behavior at an origin HSR station; we then use a cellular automaton (CA) model to study the impacts of boarding strategies on each passenger’s motion during the boarding process at HSR station. The simulation results indicate that some of the three strategies can optimize some passengers’ boarding time and relieve the congestion degree, and the positive impacts on the boarding process are the most prominent when the three strategies are used simultaneously. The results can help administrators to effectively organize the boarding process at the origin HSR station.

scholarly journals Trajectory Data Analysis on the Spatial and Temporal Influence of Pedestrian Flow on Path Planning Decision

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10419
Author(s):  
Jeongyun Kim ◽  
Sehyun Tak ◽  
Michel Bierlaire ◽  
Hwasoo Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Dynamic Walking ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Pedestrian Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

The modeling of walking behavior and design of walk-friendly urban pathways have been of interest to many researchers over the past decades. One of the major issues in pedestrian modeling is path planning decision-making in a dynamic walking environment with different pedestrian flows. While previous studies have agreed that pedestrian flow influences path planning, only a few studies have dealt with the empirical data to show the relationship between pedestrian flow and path planning behavior. This study introduces a new methodology for analyzing pedestrian trajectory data to find the dynamic walking conditions that influence the path planning decision. The comparison of the pedestrians’ path shows that the higher proportion of opposite flows are, the greater they influence the path selection decision. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the opposite flow changes and path planning behavior and find the spatial and temporal ranges of the opposite flow that affects the path planning behavior. Lastly, we find the ratio of pedestrians that update their paths with respect to the opposite flow rate.

scholarly journals Measuring Hydrometeors Using a Precipitation Microphysical Characteristics Sensor: Sampling Effect of Different Bin Sizes on Drop Size Distribution Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichuan Liu ◽  
Taichang Gao ◽  
Yuntao Hu ◽  
Xiaojian Shu
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

In order to improve the measurement of precipitation microphysical characteristics sensor (PMCS), the sampling process of raindrops by PMCS based on a particle-by-particle Monte-Carlo model was simulated to discuss the effect of different bin sizes on DSD measurement, and the optimum sampling bin sizes for PMCS were proposed based on the simulation results. The simulation results of five sampling schemes of bin sizes in four rain-rate categories show that the raw capture DSD has a significant fluctuation variation influenced by the capture probability, whereas the appropriate sampling bin size and width can reduce the impact of variation of raindrop number on DSD shape. A field measurement of a PMCS, an OTT PARSIVEL disdrometer, and a tipping bucket rain Gauge shows that the rain-rate and rainfall accumulations have good consistencies between PMCS, OTT, and Gauge; the DSD obtained by PMCS and OTT has a good agreement; the probability of N0, μ, and Λ shows that there is a good agreement between the Gamma parameters of PMCS and OTT; the fitted μ-Λ and Z-R relationship measured by PMCS is close to that measured by OTT, which validates the performance of PMCS on rain-rate, rainfall accumulation, and DSD related parameters.

scholarly journals Getting grip in changing environments: the effect of friction anisotropy inversion on robot locomotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor T. Tramsen ◽  
Lars Heepe ◽  
Jettanan Homchanthanakul ◽  
Florentin Wörgötter ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Hexapod Robot ◽  
Friction Anisotropy ◽  
Anisotropic Friction ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Robot Locomotion ◽  
Computational Morphology ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
Walking Environment

AbstractLegged locomotion of robots can be greatly improved by bioinspired tribological structures and by applying the principles of computational morphology to achieve fast and energy-efficient walking. In a previous research, we mounted shark skin on the belly of a hexapod robot to show that the passive anisotropic friction properties of this structure enhance locomotion efficiency, resulting in a stronger grip on varying walking surfaces. This study builds upon these results by using a previously investigated sawtooth structure as a model surface on a legged robot to systematically examine the influences of different material and surface properties on the resulting friction coefficients and the walking behavior of the robot. By employing different surfaces and by varying the stiffness and orientation of the anisotropic structures, we conclude that with having prior knowledge about the walking environment in combination with the tribological properties of these structures, we can greatly improve the robot’s locomotion efficiency.

scholarly journals Exploring the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Leisure Walking Based on the Demand of Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Yupei Jiang ◽  
Honghu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
The Impact

Leisure walking has been an important topic in space-time behavior and public health research. However, prior studies pay little attention to the integration and the characterization of diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking. This study constructs a theoretical framework of leisure walking behavior demands from three different dimensions and levels of activity participation, space-time opportunity, and health benefit. On this basis, through a face-to-face survey in Nanjing, China (N = 1168, 2017–2018 data), this study quantitatively analyzes the characteristics of leisure walking demands, as well as the impact of the built environment and individual factors on it. The results show that residents have a high demand for participation and health benefits of leisure walking. The residential neighborhood provides more space opportunities for leisure walking, but there is a certain constraint on the choice of walking time. Residential neighborhood with medium or large parks is more likely to satisfy residents’ demands for engaging in leisure walking and obtaining high health benefits, while neighborhood with a high density of walking paths tends to limit the satisfaction of demands for space opportunity and health benefit. For residents aged 36 and above, married, or retired, their diverse demands for leisure walking are more likely to be fulfilled, while those with high education, medium-high individual income, general and above health status, or children (<18 years) are less likely to be fulfilled. These finding that can have important implications for the healthy neighborhood by fully considering diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking behavior.

scholarly journals A New Method to Determine the Impact of Individual Field Quantities on Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in a Spark-Ignited Gas Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4136
Author(s):  
Clemens Gößnitzer ◽  
Shawn Givler
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) in spark-ignited (SI) engines impose performance limitations and in the extreme limit can lead to very strong, potentially damaging cycles. Thus, CCV force sub-optimal engine operating conditions. A deeper understanding of CCV is key to enabling control strategies, improving engine design and reducing the negative impact of CCV on engine operation. This paper presents a new simulation strategy which allows investigation of the impact of individual physical quantities (e.g., flow field or turbulence quantities) on CCV separately. As a first step, multi-cycle unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (uRANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a spark-ignited natural gas engine are performed. For each cycle, simulation results just prior to each spark timing are taken. Next, simulation results from different cycles are combined: one quantity, e.g., the flow field, is extracted from a snapshot of one given cycle, and all other quantities are taken from a snapshot from a different cycle. Such a combination yields a new snapshot. With the combined snapshot, the simulation is continued until the end of combustion. The results obtained with combined snapshots show that the velocity field seems to have the highest impact on CCV. Turbulence intensity, quantified by the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, has a similar value for all snapshots. Thus, their impact on CCV is small compared to the flow field. This novel methodology is very flexible and allows investigation of the sources of CCV which have been difficult to investigate in the past.

A Dicode Signaling Scheme for Capacitively Coupled Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Yasushi Yuminaka ◽  
Kyohei Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Limited Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Response Coding ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we present a bandwidth-efficient partial-response signaling scheme for capacitivelycoupled chip-to-chip data transmission to increase data rate. Partial-response coding is knownas a technique that allows high-speed transmission while using a limited frequency bandwidth, by allowingcontrolled intersymbol interference (ISI). Analysis and circuit simulation results are presentedto show the impact of duobinary (1+D) and dicode (1-D) partial-response signaling for capacitivelycoupled interface.

An Improved Initial Alignment Method of Strap-Down Inertial Navigation System on a Swaying Base

2013 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Li Hua Zhu ◽  
Xiang Hong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Alignment Algorithm ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Robust Property ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Lever Arm Effect ◽  
The Impact

The design of an improved alignment method of SINS on a swaying base is presented in this paper. FIR filter is taken to decrease the impact caused by the lever arm effect. And the system also encompasses the online estimation of gyroscopes’ drift with Kalman filter in order to do the compensation, and the inertial freezing alignment algorithm which helps to resolve the attitude matrix with respect to its fast and robust property to provide the mathematical platform for the vehicle. Simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient for the initial alignment of the swaying base navigation system.

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