Soshiho-Tang Aqueous Extract Exerts Antiobesity Effects in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice and Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Soshiho-tang (SST; sho-saiko-to in Japanese; xiaochaihu-tang in Chinese) has generally been used to improve liver fibrosis- and cirrhosis-related symptoms in traditional Korean medicine. Although many studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of SST, its antiobesity effect has not been elucidated. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the antiobesity effect of SST using a high fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6/group), normal diet (ND), HFD-fed group, and HFD- and SST-fed groups (S200: 200 mg/kg of SST; S600: 600 mg/kg of SST) and given HFD with or without SST extract for 8 weeks. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes for 8 days with or without SST. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight and fat accumulation in adipose tissue were significantly reduced by SST administration. Compared with control-differentiated adipocytes, SST significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by decreasing the triglyceride (TG) content and leptin concentration in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. SST also decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related genes including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Our findings suggest that SST has potential as a nontoxic antiobesity medication.

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Cyanidin-3-O-Galactoside-Enriched Aronia melanocarpa Extract Attenuates Weight Gain and Adipogenic Pathways in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1190 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Su-Min Lim ◽

Hyun Sook Lee ◽

Jae In Jung ◽

So Mi Kim ◽

Nam Young Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa

Aronia melanocarpa are a rich source of anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their relations to human health. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract (AM-Ex) and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in an in vivo system. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups for 8-week feeding with a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD with 50 (AM-Ex 50), 100 (AM-Ex 100), or 200 AM-Ex (AM-Ex 200) mg/kg body weight/day. HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the CD group, and AM-Ex dose-dependently inhibited this weight gain. AM-Ex significantly reduced the food intake and the weight of white fat tissue, including epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, mesenteric fat, and inguinal fat. Treatment with AM-Ex (50 to 200 mg/kg) reduced serum levels of leptin, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that AM-Ex suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. These results suggest that AM-Ex is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis and food intake.

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Transcription Factor 21 Promotes Chicken Adipocyte Differentiation at Least in Part via Activating MAPK/JNK Signaling

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12121971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1971

Author(s):

Xinyang Zhang ◽

Bohan Cheng ◽

Haixu Jiang ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Zhiping Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Cell Line ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Protein A ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Jnk Pathway ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Enhancer Binding Protein

The molecular mechanisms of transcription factor 21 (TCF21) in regulating chicken adipogenesis remain unclear. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the signaling pathway mediating the effect of TCF21 on chicken adipogenesis. Immortalized chicken preadipocytes cell line (ICP), a preadipocyte cell line stably overexpressing TCF21 (LV-TCF21) and a control preadipocyte cell line (LV-control) were used in the current study. We found that the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) was significantly elevated in LV-TCF21 compared to LV-control. After treating ICP cells with a JNK inhibitor SP600125, the differentiation of ICP was inhibited, as evidenced by decreased accumulation of lipid droplets and reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Moreover, we found that the inhibition of JNK by SP600125 remarkably impaired the ability of TCF21 to drive adipogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that TCF21 promotes the differentiation of adipocytes at least in part via activating MAPK/JNK pathway.

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Beta-Glucan-Rich Extract fromPleurotus sajor-caju(Fr.) Singer Prevents Obesity and Oxidative Stress in C57BL/6J Mice Fed on a High-Fat Diet

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/185259 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

G. Kanagasabapathy ◽

S. N. A. Malek ◽

A. A. Mahmood ◽

K. H. Chua ◽

S. Vikineswary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Fat ◽

Beta Glucan ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Mushrooms have been used in folk medicine for thousands of years. In this study, the effect ofβ-glucan-rich extract ofP. sajor-caju(GE) on lipid lowering and antioxidant potential was assessed in C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat diet. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a high-fat diet. The control groups in this study were ND (for normal diet) and HFD (for high-fat diet). The treated groups were ND240 (for normal diet) (240 mg/kg b.w) and HFD60, HFD120, and HFD240 (for high-fat diet), where the mice were administrated with three dosages of GE (60, 120, and 240 mg GE/kg b.w). Metformin (2 mg/kg b.w) served as positive control. GE-treated groups showed significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, and liver enzymes levels. GE also attenuated protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide levels by increasing the enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities in the mice. GE-treated groups induced the expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) while downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Hence, GE prevented weight gain in the mice by inducing lipolysis and may be valuable in the formulation of adjuvant therapy for obesity.

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Effect ofLactobacillus plantarumStrain K21 on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/391767 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Chien-Chen Wu ◽

Wei-Lien Weng ◽

Wen-Lin Lai ◽

Hui-Ping Tsai ◽

Wei-Hsien Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Hepatic Expression ◽

Beneficial Effects

Recent studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of specific probiotics on alleviating obesity-related disorders. Here we aimed to identify probiotics with potential antiobesity activity among 88 lactic acid bacterial strains viain vitroscreening assays, and aLactobacillus plantarumstrain K21 was found to harbor abilities required for hydrolyzing bile salt, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, effects of K21 on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were examined. Male C57Bl/6J mice received a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with K21 administration (109 CFU in 0.2 mL PBS/day) for eight weeks. Supplementation of K21, but not placebo, appeared to alleviate body weight gain and epididymal fat mass accumulation, reduce plasma leptin levels, decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and mitigate liver damage in DIO mice. Moreover, the hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) related to adipogenesis was significantly downregulated in DIO mice by K21 intervention. We also found that K21 supplementation strengthens intestinal permeability and modulates the amount ofLactobacillusspp.,Bifidobacteriumspp., andClostridium perfringensin the cecal contents of DIO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary intake of K21 protects against the onset of HFD-induced obesity through multiple mechanisms of action.

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Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Progressive Training with Capsaicin on Changes in PGC-1α and UPC-1 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats With Diet

Complementary Medicine Journal ◽

10.32598/cmja.10.2.627.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 106-117

Author(s):

Maryam Mostafavian ◽

◽

Ahmad Abdi ◽

Javad Mehrabani ◽

Alireza Barari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Visceral Adipose

Objective: Decreased physical activity coupled with increased High‐Fat Diet (HFD) intake prompts obesity. Current research suggests that changing White Adipose Tissue (WAT) to brown promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic Progressive training and Capsaicin (Cap) on Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and Uncoupling protein-1 (UPC-1) gene expression in rat fed a high-fat diet. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks, were fed a Normal Diet (ND) (n=8) or HFD (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, rats were divided into 5 groups: ND, HFD, High-Fat Diet-Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet-Capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. PGC-1α and UCP-1 gene expression levels in the VAT were measured by Real-time PCR method. Results: The results of this study showed that PGC-1α and UCP-expression was decreased in HFD group compared to ND group. Also, the expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDT, HFDCap and HFDTCap groups was significantly increased compared to HFD. The expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDTCap was also significantly increased compared to HFDT and HFDCap groups. Conclusion: Possibly, eight weeks of progressive training combined with capsaicin administration has an effect on the browning of visceral adipose tissue in HFD rats by increasing expression of PGC-1α and UCP-1.

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Veratri Nigri Rhizoma et Radix (Veratrum nigrumL.) and Its Constituent Jervine Prevent Adipogenesis via Activation of the LKB1-AMPKα-ACC AxisIn VivoandIn Vitro

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/8674397 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jinbong Park ◽

Yong-Deok Jeon ◽

Hye-Lin Kim ◽

Dae-Seung Kim ◽

Yo-Han Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight Gain ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Compound C ◽

Enhancer Binding Protein ◽

Liver Kinase B1 ◽

Amp Activated Protein Kinase

This study was performed in order to investigate the antiobese effects of the ethanolic extract of Veratri Nigri Rhizoma et Radix (VN), a herb with limited usage, due to its toxicology. An HPLC analysis identified jervine as a constituent of VN. By an Oil Red O assay and a Real-Time RT-PCR assay, VN showed higher antiadipogenic effects than jervine. In high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese C57BL/6J mice, VN administration suppressed body weight gain. The levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, resistin, and LIPIN1 were suppressed by VN, while SIRT1 was upregulated. Furthermore, VN activated phosphorylation of the liver kinase B1- (LKB1-) AMP-activated protein kinase alpha- (AMPKα-) acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) axis. Further investigation of cotreatment of VN with the AMPK agonist AICAR or AMPK inhibitor Compound C showed that VN can activate the phosphorylation of AMPKαin compensation to the inhibition of Compound C. In conclusion, VN shows antiobesity effects in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, VN has antiadipogenic features, which is due to activating the LKB1-AMPKα-ACC axis. These results suggest that VN has a potential benefit in preventing obesity.

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High Fat Diet Suppresses Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Reduces Dopaminergic Neurons in the Substantia Nigra

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21010207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 207 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yu-Chia Kao ◽

Wei-Yen Wei ◽

Kuen-Jer Tsai ◽

Liang-Chao Wang

Keyword(s):

Substantia Nigra ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Dopaminergic Neurons ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Obese Mouse ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Spine Density ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Ppar Γ

Although several epidemiologic and animal studies have revealed correlations between obesity and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease (PD), the underlying pathological mechanisms of obesity-induced PD remain unclear. Our study aimed to assess the effect of diet-induced obesity on the brain dopaminergic pathway. For five months, starting from weaning, we gave C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate an obese mouse model and investigate whether the diet reprogrammed the midbrain dopaminergic system. Tyrosine hydroxylase staining showed that the HFD resulted in fewer dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), but not the striatum. It also induced neuroinflammation, with increased astrogliosis in the SN and striatum. Dendritic spine density in the SN of HFD-exposed mice decreased, which suggested that prolonged HFD altered dopaminergic neuroplasticity. All three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtype (PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, PPAR-γ) levels were significantly reduced in the SN and the ventral tegmental area of HFD mice when compared to those in controls. This study showed that a prolonged HFD induced neuroinflammation, suppressed PPAR levels, caused degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and resulted in symptoms reminiscent of human PD. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the effects of an HFD on PPARs in dopaminergic neurons.

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Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP) as a Target for the Prevention of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis

Immunology Endocrine & Metabolic Agents - Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/187152209788009805 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth Newberry ◽

Nicholas Davidson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Liver Fatty Acid ◽

High Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Acid Binding Protein ◽

Diet Induced Obesity

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Traditional Herbal Formula Oyaksungi-San Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/949461 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sae-Rom Yoo ◽

Chang-Seob Seo ◽

Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽

Soo-Jin Jeong

Keyword(s):

Binding Protein ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Herbal Formula ◽

Related Factors ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Gpdh Activity ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Intracellular Lipid Accumulation ◽

Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Oyaksungi-san (OYSGS) is a herbal formula that has been used for treating cardiovascular diseases in traditional Asian medicine. Here, we investigated the antiadipogenic effect of OYSGS extract in 3T3-L1 adipose cells.Methods. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes with or without OYSGS. After differentiation, we measured Oil Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, leptin production, mRNA, and protein levels of adipogenesis-related factors.Results. OYSGS extract dramatically inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiated adipocytes. It also significantly suppressed the (GPDH) activity, triglyceride (TG) content, and leptin production by reducing the expression of adipogenesis-related genes including lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, OYSGS clearly enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as its substrate acetyl CoA (ACC) carboxylase.Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that OYSGS negatively controls TG accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We suggest antiadipogenic activity of OYSGS and its potential benefit in preventing obesity.

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