scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening Instruments for Very Young Children: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O. Towle ◽  
Patricia A. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
High Risk Children

Research on ASD in infancy has provided a rationale for developing screening instruments for children from the first year of life to age of 18 months. A comprehensive literature search identified candidate screening tools. Using methodological probe questions adapted from the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS), two Level 1 and three Level 2 screening instruments were reviewed in detail. Research evidence conclusions were that instrument development was in beginning phases, is not yet strong, and requires further development. Clinical recommendations were to continue vigilant developmental and autism surveillance from the first year on but to use the screening instrumentsper seonly for high-risk children rather than for population screening, with considerations regarding feasibility for individual settings, informing caregivers about strengths and weaknesses of the tool, and monitoring new research.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Level 1 and Level 2 Screening Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Toddlers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Petrocchi ◽  
Annalisa Levante ◽  
Flavia Lecciso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Cosmin Checklist ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The present study provides a systematic review of level 1 and level 2 screening tools for the early detection of autism under 24 months of age and an evaluation of the psychometric and measurement properties of their studies. Methods: Seven databases (e.g., Scopus, EBSCOhost Research Database) were screened and experts in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) field were questioned; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and Consensus-based Standard for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist were applied. Results: the study included 52 papers and 16 measures; most of them were questionnaires, and the Modified-CHecklist for Autism in Toddler (M-CHAT) was the most extensively tested. The measures’ strengths (analytical evaluation of methodological quality according to COSMIN) and limitations (in term of Negative Predictive Value, Positive Predictive Value, sensitivity, and specificity) were described; the quality of the studies, assessed with the application of the COSMIN checklist, highlighted the necessity of further validation studies for all the measures. According to COSMIN results, the M-CHAT, First Years Inventory (FYI), and Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddler (Q-CHAT) seem to be promising measures that may be applied systematically by health professionals in the future.

ADENOVIRUS COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODY TITERS FROM BIRTH THROUGH THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Rosa Lee Nemir ◽  
Donna O'Hare ◽  
Stanley Goldstein ◽  
Charles B. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
First Year ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Complement fixing antibody titers to the adenoviruses were determined in 251 newborn infants, using cord blood. Approximately 95% of these were found to have CF titers of 1:16 or over, the majority (75%) were 1:32 or more. Material from the pharyngeal and rectal swabs of these infants on tissue culture studies (542) on HeLa and amnion cells showed no cytopathic effect in oven 96% of these infants. A longitudinal study of 114 of these infants was made at 3 months intervals; 67 have been observed for one year. At 3 months, only 12% still showed CF antibody titers, and these were chiefly at a low level, 1:16. At the subsequent 3-month interval observations, a gradual rise in CF antibodies were found. At one year of age, approximately 37% had titers of 1:32 on over. The findings of this report support the statement that CF antibodies to adenovirus pass the placental barrier. There is a gradual increase in the percentage of infants with positive CF antibodies after 3 months.

scholarly journals Utilizing two-tiered screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Khowaja ◽  
Diana L Robins ◽  
Lauren B Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Despite advances in autism screening practices, challenges persist, including barriers to implementing universal screening in primary care and difficulty accessing services. The high false positive rate of Level 1 screening methods presents especially daunting difficulties because it increases the need for comprehensive autism evaluations. This study explored whether two-tiered screening—combining Level 1 (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up) and Level 2 (Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children) measures—improves the early detection of autism. This study examined a sample of 109 toddlers who screened positive on Level 1 screening and completed a Level 2 screening measure prior to a diagnostic evaluation. Results indicated that two-tiered screening reduced the false positive rate using published Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children cutoffs compared to Level 1 screening alone, although at a cost to sensitivity. However, alternative Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children scoring in the two-tiered screening improved both positive predictive value and sensitivity. Exploratory analyses were conducted, including comparison of autism symptoms and clinical profiles across screening subsamples. Recommendations regarding clinical implications of two-tiered screening and future areas of research are presented.

scholarly journals Three-Year Clinical Follow-Up of Children Intrauterine Exposed to Zika Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Rosa Estela Gazeta ◽  
Ana Paula Antunes Pascalicchio Bertozzi ◽  
Rita de Cássia de Aguirre Bernardes Dezena ◽  
Andrea Cristina Botelho Silva ◽  
Thamirys Cosmo Gillo Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life

Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Some sequelae, particularly neurodevelopmental problems, may have a later onset. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 799 high-risk pregnant women who were followed up until delivery. Eighty-three women and/or newborns were considered ZIKV exposed and/or infected. Laboratory diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction in the pregnant mothers and their respective newborns, as well as Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and ZIKV serology. Serology for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis infections were also performed in microcephalic newborns. The newborns included in the study were followed up until their third birthday. Developmental delay was observed in nine patients (13.2%): mild cognitive delay in three patients, speech delay in three patients, autism spectrum disorder in two patients, and severe neurological abnormalities in one microcephalic patient; sensorineural hearing loss, three patients and dysphagia, six patients. Microcephaly due to ZIKV occurred in three patients (3.6%). Clinical manifestations can appear after the first year of life in children infected/exposed to ZIKV, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up.

scholarly journals Patterns of skill attainment and loss in young children with autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Thurm ◽  
Stacy S. Manwaring ◽  
David A. Luckenbaugh ◽  
Catherine Lord ◽  
Susan E. Swedo
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to extend the literature on the ontogeny of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by examining early attainment and loss of specific sociocommunicative skills in children with autism (AUT; n = 125), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS; n = 42), nonspectrum developmental delays (n = 46), and typical development (n = 31). The ages of skill attainment and loss were obtained from a caregiver interview. The findings indicated that children with AUT, PDD-NOS, and developmental delays diverged from typically developing children in attainment of sociocommunicative skills early in the first year of life. Loss of at least one skill was reported in a majority of children with AUT and PDD-NOS. Significant delays in attainment of skills were also reported in children who lost skills. The wide variation in skill attainment and loss reported across children indicates that symptom onset and regression may be best represented continuously, with at least some early delay and loss present for a great majority of children with ASD.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children with Seizures in the First Year of Life-A Population-Based Study

Epilepsia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evald Saemundsen ◽  
Petur Ludvigsson ◽  
Ingibjorg Hilmarsdottir ◽  
Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Improving infant formulas: on the way to approaching breast milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
Y. A. Dmitrieva ◽  
E. A. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Postnatal Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mind ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Further Development

Breast milk is the gold standard of infant feeding during the first year of life that ensures adequate physical and psychological development. The composition of human milk changes all the time in the process of one feeding as well as throughout the whole period of lactation. The ingredients of breast milk promote the normal growth of the baby, affect postnatal differentiation of tissues, the formation of the central nervous system (CNS), auditory and visual analyzers, development of the intestinal microbiota of the infant. Breastfeeding contributes to a strong psycho-emotional bond between mother and child which provides the best conditions for further development of the mind, intelligence and behavioral characteristics.

scholarly journals Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4367-4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannath Begum Ali ◽  
◽  
Tony Charman ◽  
Mark H. Johnson ◽  
Emily J. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Midline Crossing ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractWe investigated infant’s manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.

Early Recognition of Infant Malignancy: The Five Most Common Infant Cancers

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chih Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
First Year Of Life

The incidence of cancer in children is rising in the U.S. Although cancer in the first year of life is relatively rare, understanding the early signs and symptoms of and the historical factors associated with most common infant cancers is essential for providing optimal care to these infants and their families. Neonatal nurses and nurse practitioners play a pivotal role in early recognition and detection of infant malignancy. This article reviews the incidence of and historical factors associated with infant cancers and discusses clinical presentations and available diagnostic images as well as screening tools for the five most common types of infant malignancy.

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