scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiple Immunoassay Technology Platforms to Select the Anti-Drug Antibody Assay Exhibiting the Most Appropriate Drug and Target Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Collet-Brose ◽  
Pierre-Jean Couble ◽  
Maureen R. Deehan ◽  
Robert J. Nelson ◽  
Walter G. Ferlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Assay Development ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Elisa Format

The aim of this study was, at the assay development stage and thus with an appropriate degree of rigor, to select the most appropriate technology platform and sample pretreatment procedure for a clinical ADA assay. Thus, ELISA, MSD, Gyrolab, and AlphaLISA immunoassay platforms were evaluated in association with target depletion and acid dissociation sample pretreatment steps. An acid dissociation step successfully improved the drug tolerance for all 4 technology platforms and the required drug tolerance was achieved with the Gyrolab and MSD platforms. The target tolerance was shown to be better for the ELISA format, where an acid dissociation treatment step alone was sufficient to achieve the desired target tolerance. However, inclusion of a target depletion step in conjunction with the acid treatment raised the target tolerance to the desired level for all of the technologies. A higher sensitivity was observed for the MSD and Gyrolab assays and the ELISA, MSD, and Gyrolab all displayed acceptable interdonor variability. This study highlights the usefulness of evaluating the performance of different assay platforms at an early stage in the assay development process to aid in the selection of the best fit-for-purpose technology platform and sample pretreatment steps.

Strategies to develop highly drug-tolerant cell-based neutralizing antibody assay: neutralizing antidrug antibodies extraction and drug depletion

Bioanalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 1279-1293
Author(s):  
Zhihua Jiang ◽  
John Kamerud ◽  
Minlei Zhang ◽  
Carlos Cabrera Ruiz ◽  
Crisanto Guadiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
Drug Interference ◽  
Drug Extraction ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Method Optimization ◽  
Antidrug Antibodies ◽  
Novel Drug

Aim: Drug interference poses great analytical challenges for cell-based neutralizing antidrug antibodies (NAb) assay. The work aimed to improve assay drug tolerance through biotin-drug extraction with acid dissociation method optimization and developing new approach. Results: The NAb extraction with biotin-drug extraction with acid dissociation approach has been optimized by reducing biotinylated drug leaching and improving NAb elution efficiency, resulting in drug tolerance of up to 160 μg/ml. To circumvent the low acid elution efficiency of NAb from drug, a novel drug depletion approach was developed, which combined acid dissociation and drug targeted crosslinked capture, achieved drug tolerance up to 400 μg/ml. At last, a strategy workflow for sample pretreatment approach selection and optimization was established for improving drug tolerance of NAb assay. Conclusion: We demonstrated that reduced biotinylated drug leaching and the high NAb elution efficiency was critical for improving assay drug tolerance. Drug depletion offers an alternative approach to overcome low NAb elution efficiency.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Encroaching Woody Juniperus virginiana and Its Classification in Multi-Species Forest Using UAS Imagery and Semantic Segmentation Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Yuzhen Zhou ◽  
Qiao Hu ◽  
Zhenghong Tang ◽  
Yufeng Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms

Woody plant encroachment into grasslands ecosystems causes significantly ecological destruction and economic losses. Effective and efficient management largely benefits from accurate and timely detection of encroaching species at an early development stage. Recent advances in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) enabled easier access to ultra-high spatial resolution images at a centimeter level, together with the latest machine learning based image segmentation algorithms, making it possible to detect small-sized individuals of target species at early development stage and identify them when mixed with other species. However, few studies have investigated the optimal practical spatial resolution of early encroaching species detection. Hence, we investigated the performance of four popular semantic segmentation algorithms (decision tree, DT; random forest, RF; AlexNet; and ResNet) on a multi-species forest classification case with UAS-collected RGB images in original and down-sampled coarser spatial resolutions. The objective of this study was to explore the optimal segmentation algorithm and spatial resolution for eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana, ERC) early detection and its classification within a multi-species forest context. To be specific, firstly, we implemented and compared the performance of the four semantic segmentation algorithms with images in the original spatial resolution (0.694 cm). The highest overall accuracy was 0.918 achieved by ResNet with a mean interaction over union at 85.0%. Secondly, we evaluated the performance of ResNet algorithm with images in down-sampled spatial resolutions (1 cm to 5 cm with 0.5 cm interval). When applied on the down-sampled images, ERC segmentation performance decreased with decreasing spatial resolution, especially for those images coarser than 3 cm spatial resolution. The UAS together with the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation algorithms provides a promising tool for early-stage detection and localization of ERC and the development of effective management strategies for mixed-species forest management.

scholarly journals High ionic strength dissociation assay (HISDA) for high drug tolerant immunogenicity testing

Bioanalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Jordan ◽  
Alexander Pöhler ◽  
Florence Guilhot ◽  
Meike Zaspel ◽  
Roland F Staack
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Overnight Incubation ◽  
Antidrug Antibody ◽  
High Doses

Aim: Antidrug antibody (ADA) assessment may be challenged in studies that involve the administration of high doses of biotherapeutics and/or with long half-lives. In such cases, ADA assays with optimized drug tolerance are desired. Material & Methods: We evaluated the use of MgCl2 to develop high ionic strength dissociation assays in two investigational examples (bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent ADA assays) to attain high drug tolerance while maintaining best possible structural integrity of ADAs. Results: Both ADA-bridging assays treated with MgCl2 showed improved drug tolerance and higher signal-to-blank values compared with overnight incubation or acid treatment. Conclusion: The use of MgCl2 treatment in ADA-bridging assays provides a sensitive, drug tolerant and easy-to-use alternative in cases where acid dissociation is not possible or unwanted.

scholarly journals The political economy of e‐learning educational development: strategies, standardisation and scalability

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kenney ◽  
Antoine Hermens ◽  
Thomas Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Further Development

The development of e‐learning by government through policy, funding allocations, research‐based collaborative projects and alliances has increased recently in both developed and under‐developed nations. The paper notes that government, industry and corporate users are increasingly focusing on standardisation issues and the scalability of technology platforms to meet demand. This paper assesses the challenges for further development that e‐learning faces in the coming years, including: access to appropriate technology, scalability, measurement, and changed governance structures.

scholarly journals Early Stage in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Through Screening and Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-663
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Positive Score ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

The objective of the paper was to evaluate developed screening tools on autism students’ as early detection detect early signs especially on visual for ASD children. The outcomes of early intervention in ASD can be improved but it depends types of the treatment. Method of collecting data was using tool, observation and interview. In design, flowchart and storyboard are produced. While in development stage, learning media and materials are presented with visualization in the form of sound, text, videos and pictures. The results of this study are a positive score and feedback from children with ASD. They are easy to focus in using this tool instead of conventional screening tool. The students really attract to something that related to technology. However, the suggestion of a screening for ASD when concerning from their parents or family. The quality of the instruments and screening procedure are the challenges faced during the process. The advantages of early screening and detection among ASD is very to avoid parents unnecessary worry among parents.

scholarly journals In situ treatment technologies for pit latrines to mitigate groundwater contamination by fecal pathogens: a review of recent technical advances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shray Saxena ◽  
Walter Den
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Fecal Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract On-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines are extensively used around the world, while there is a growing number of evidence documenting the impact of pit latrines on groundwater quality that may affect human health. Hence, this paper summarizes the various safe-sanitation technologies by broadly categorizing them into fecal pathogen disinfection methods (anaerobic digestion, chemical disinfection, biological additives, solar pasteurization and vermicomposting) and capturing methods (pit lining and permeable reactive barriers, the latter of which simultaneously capture and sanitize fecal sludge in pit latrines). While some of the reviewed technologies have been widely practiced for mitigating microbial contamination of the groundwater, others are still in the early stage of commercialization and field validation. Though there are challenges to the selection and adoption of the most appropriate technology, this paper discusses the readiness of each technology as a stand-alone fecal sludge management solution.

scholarly journals Assessing Biomarker Stability and Assay Performance Parameters for the Use of Biomarkers in Mental Disorders; A Study of Early Stage Biomarker Assay Method Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike jentsch ◽  
Barry van de Strate ◽  
Marjolein Meddens ◽  
Marcus Meddens ◽  
Robert Schoevers
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Assay Development ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Within the field of psychiatry the development of biomarker based assay methods is relatively young. Recent efforts focused on combining several biomarkers within a panel to increase discriminative power. However, most biomarker panels have failed to advance to the stage of clinical application. An important prerequisite is a proper sampling and storage procedure, based on a priori identified stability properties of all biomarker/body fluid combinations present in the panel. Second, is the performance requisites of the assays in use, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), in order to assure reliable results within and between runs. In this study, we analyzed 24 biomarker assays in 32 biomarker/body fluid combinations. Each biomarker body fluid combination was tested for stability and assay performance. We found hampering stability in almost all cases expect three biomarkers in urine and three in serum. Variability in biomarker stability either indicates decreased biomarker stability or issues in assay performance. This study indicates that basic biomarker/body fluid combination stability provides a good starting point for biomarker panel assay development. However, assay performance plays an important role in the correct interpretation of those results. Along the way of assay development, other quality assurance parameters might be implemented focused on a fit for purpose principle ultimately providing reliable data necessary for diagnostical method implementation.

Typology of Technology Platform Goals in Diversified Companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Guenther Schuh ◽  
Simon Ryschka
Keyword(s):  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Platform Design ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Consistent Description ◽  
Technology Platforms

The significance of technology platforms as networks of technological knowledge is growing in diversified companies. The reason is that technology platforms support diversified companies to handle the conflicting priorities of individualized innovations and generating synergies. Hence, the success of diversified companies can be significantly affected by the systematic design of technology platforms. Key prerequisite for such a systematic platform design is the consistent description of the various technology platform goals. In practice however, companies find it difficult to consistently describe the various technology platform goals due to a lack of methodology. As a consequence, a misalignment between the platform goals and the platform design is noticeable, leading to unsustainable technology platform concepts. Therefore, the authors introduce in this paper an approach to consistently describe technology platform goals in diversified companies. This is done by synthesizing the various variables into a single, unified typology that allows to express complicated relationships among the various variables without resorting to oversimplification. The development of the typology is performed by using a combined deductive and inductive approach on the basis of existing literature as well as knowledge about technology platforms in industrial practice. With the assistance of the typology, diversified companies are able to consistently describe their technology platform goals and design sustainable technology platform concepts.

The Emergence of Circular Economy in Integrated Agriculture-Livestock Livelihoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Govind Dhaske ◽  
Anamika Dhaske ◽  
Nirali Shah ◽  
Navnath Gore
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Integrated Agriculture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Livestock Development

Circularization has been viewed as a core strategic instrument for achieving sustainable development. Along the same lines, applying circularization in an integrated rural livestock development project is essential considering the importance of biomass in the circular economy. However, the geoecological variations, community motivations for sustainability, availability of appropriate technology, and dynamics associated with the livestock product markets outline challenges for the circular economy in biomass-rich rural India. An impact assessment survey of an integrated rural livestock development project revealed an early stage emergence of the circular economy. The survey charted the important role of blended traditional and modern practices in livestock keeping along with biomass management through appropriate technologies conjoined with green value chain-based enterprises for monetizable incentivization. The impact assessment highlighted challenges such as affordability of modern technology, improper microenterprise management, and consumer awareness, which implied policy-based interventions for adequate circularization to ensure sustainable biomass, and allied livelihoods.

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