scholarly journals Impact of HIV Infection and Zidovudine Therapy on RBC Parameters and Urine Methylmalonic Acid Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewumi Adediran ◽  
Vincent Osunkalu ◽  
Tamunomieibi Wakama ◽  
Sarah John-Olabode ◽  
Akinsegun Akinbami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zidovudine Therapy ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Background. Anaemia is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of HIV infection and zidovudine on red blood cells (RBC) parameters and urine methylmalonic acid (UMMA) levels in patients with HIV infection.Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study involving 114 subjects, 94 of which are HIV-infected nonanaemic and 20 HIV negative subjects (Cg) as control. Full blood count parameters and urine methylmalonic acid (UMMA) level of each subject were determined. Associations were determined by Chi-square test and logistic regression statistics where appropriate.Results. Subjects on zidovudine-based ART had mean MCV (93 fL) higher than that of control group (82.9 fL) and ART-naïve (85.9 fL) subjects and the highest mean RDW. Mean UMMA level, which reflects vitamin B12 level status, was high in all HIV-infected groups but was significantly higher in ART-naïve subjects than in ART-experienced subjects.Conclusion. Although non-zidovudine therapy may be associated with macrocytosis (MCV > 95 fL), zidovudine therapy and ART naivety may not. Suboptimal level of vitamin B12 as measured by high UMMA though highest in ART-naïve subjects was common in all HIV-infected subjects.

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

scholarly journals IS SPIRITUALITY HELPING TO OVERCOME ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND MENTAL STRESS AMONG BLIND ADOLESCENTS? : A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF A BLIND SCHOOL, MEERUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Anuradha Davey ◽  
Kaynat Nasser ◽  
Sanjeev Davey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Coping Ability ◽  
The Impact

Background Vision impairment can extend from no vision – visual impairment – or exceptionally low vision to not having the option to see specific hues. Serious vision misfortune or visual deficiency can influence your kid's development and learning. Early mediation can enable your kid to contact his maximum capacity. Otherworldliness gives an individual a feeling of rising above their prompt conditions and an intrapersonal development of direction and importance for their own life, with an inward feeling of association and trust in their own interior assets. Objective The goals of this study were to examine the impact of spirituality on both coping skills and vision-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the effect of psychological manifestations among Sparsh Govt. Blind Inter College, Partapur Meerut. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted and purposive sampling was used. Percentages and chi square test was used to find the most common and association of different psychological manifestations. Result In our study, 13.8% had depression of varying degree. The most common psychological manifestation was anxiety (46.7%) among them and 11.7% of students were feeling stress in their life. Students with depression and stress affected coping ability while stress had no affect Conclusion It was found in the study that spirituality was positively associated with coping ability and hence with general mental health. Moreover, spirituality was associated significantly with vision-specific HRQOL. The results showed that spirituality played a mediating role in the linkage between vision impairment and general mental health among adolescents of Sparsh Govt. Blind Inter College, Partapur, Meerut.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ASTHMAAND ITS MEDICATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES STATUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sneha Upadhyay ◽  
Jyoti Bhavthankar ◽  
Mandakini Mandale ◽  
Nivedita Kaorey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Asthma and its medications have been linked to oral diseases in asthmatic children. Aim: Assessment of the dental caries status, salivary Streptococcus mutans count and S. mutans colony score in children receiving inhaled anti asthmatic medications and their comparison in healthy children Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 asthmatic children and 40 healthy children in the age group of 6-14 years. DMFT/deft indices were calculated and saliva samples were collected. Diluted saliva was inoculated on MSB agar plates. S. mutans count and colony score were analysed after 24-48 hours of inoculation. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DMFT/deft index, salivary S. mutans load and S. mutans colony score in children of the asthmatic group and control group. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic bacteria is higher in asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kofi Helegbe ◽  
Paul Armah Aryee ◽  
Baba Sulemana Mohammed ◽  
Anthony Wemakor ◽  
David Kolbila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results. Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion. A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

scholarly journals Low Back Pain among Medical Students in Belgrade (Serbia): A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidora Vujcic ◽  
Nemanja Stojilovic ◽  
Eleonora Dubljanin ◽  
Nebojsa Ladjevic ◽  
Ivana Ladjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To examine the prevalence of low back pain, to identify self-perceived triggers of low back pain, and to investigate the impact of perceived pain on the daily activities and mood among medical students. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 459 fourth year students at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade during December 2014. The anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. In data analysis, the chi-square test and t-test were used. Results. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain was 75.8%, 12-month prevalence 59.5%, and point prevalence 17.2%. Chronic low back pain was experienced by 12.4% of the students. Both the lifetime (p=0.001) and the 12-month (p=0.001) low back pain prevalence rates were significantly higher among female medical students. Mental stress during an exam period (p=0.001), sitting at the university (p=0.002), fatigue (p=0.043), improper body posture (p=0.005), and lack of exercise (p=0.001) as self-perceived triggers of low back pain were significantly more often reported by female students, compared to males. Regarding daily functioning, the experience of low back pain mostly affects students sleeping (14.6%) and walking (12.0%). Conclusions. The prevalence of LBP is high among Belgrade medical students and significantly affects their everyday functioning.

scholarly journals Role of Functional Biomarkers to Identify Early Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Osama Y. Al-Dirbashi ◽  
Charu Sharma ◽  
Nahid Al Dahouri ◽  
Anas Al Aidaros ◽  
Shamma Al-Muhairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
One Year ◽  
Functional Biomarkers

Background and objectives: Although laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is effective for obesity management, postoperative vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is of major concern. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the levels of B12 and its related functional biomarkers, namely, total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), folate, methylcitric acid (MCA), and hemoglobin (Hb), in one-year postoperative LSG patients and matched controls. Materials and Methods: Plasma B12, tHcy, MMA, folate, and MCA were measured in matched controls (n = 66) and patients (n = 71) using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques and protocols in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results: The median B12 concentration in patients (177 pmol/L) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the controls (334.7 pmol/L). The tHcy and MMA levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively) and folate levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.001) in the LSG patients compared to the controls. Interestingly, no significant difference in MCA levels were observed between the two groups. The levels of tHcy and MMA were concomitantly increased with the decreased folate levels in postoperative LSG patients when compared with the controls. The Hb levels were significantly lower in males and females in the patient group compared with those in the control group, respectively (p = 0.005 and p = 0.043). Conclusions: This is the first report of serum levels of B12 and its functional biomarkers in postoperative LSG patients among a local population from the UAE. Our findings revealed significant alterations of the B12 biomarkers, total B12, MMA, and tHcy in one-year postoperative LSG patients.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated with HIV Vulnerability according to Sexual Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida A. O. Serra ◽  
Antoninho B. Milhomem ◽  
Samae B. Oliveira ◽  
Francisca Aline A. S. Santos ◽  
Roberta Araújo e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sex With Men

Objective. To analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with vulnerability to HIV according to sexual orientation. Method. This is a cross-sectional study conducted using data on 3,818 people in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil, during 2015 and 2016. The survey’s questionnaires addressed sociodemographic and behavioral variables. For the data analysis, association (chi-square test) and strength of association (odds ratio) were observed. A significance level of p<0.05 and adjustment for age and gender were taken into consideration. Results. A substantial portion of the sample stated they were heterosexual (88.8%). These individuals demonstrated a lower chance of HIV infection (p<0.001), sexually transmitted infections (p<0.001), alcohol use (p<0.001) and condom use (p<0.001), compared to men who have sex with men and/or bisexuals. In this group, after adjusting for confounding variables, the factors associated with HIV infection were being male (p<0.001), unmarried (p<0.001), having completed higher education (p<0.001) and boasting multiple sexual partners (p<0.001). Conclusion. Behavioral and sociodemographic factors of vulnerability to HIV are predominant among men who have sex with men and/or are bisexual.

scholarly journals Effect of Flavor Enhancement on the Appreciation of Food in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 320-320
Author(s):  
Kenza Drareni ◽  
Moustafa Bensafi ◽  
Helene Lusson ◽  
Damien Vansteene ◽  
Agnès Giboreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Given the influence of sensory signals on food intake regulation and the subsequent nutritional status, it is important to reduce the impact of commonly observed smell and taste alterations on the pleasure of eating during chemotherapy. This study aimed to examine the effect of various types of flavor enhancement on the appreciation of an appetizer by a group of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods Five eggplant appetizers with no seasoning (REF) or enhanced with either salt, lemon, garlic or cumin were developed. In this cross-sectional study, 36 healthy female subjects (age 58 ± 7 y) (control group) and 84 breast cancer patients (age 56 ± 11 y) treated with chemotherapy were recruited. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on patients' self-reported smell and taste abilities classified the patients in two groups: the ‘unaltered, (high sensory abilities) n = 49’ and the ‘altered, (poor sensory abilities), n = 35’ group. Participants tasted and assessed the appreciation of the reference appetizer on a visual analog scale and performed a randomized comparative liking task, by rating the appreciation for each flavor-enhanced appetizer relative to the REF (one-sample t-test). Results There was no significant difference in the appreciation of the REF appetizer between the three groups (P &gt; 0.05). In the comparative liking task, the control group rated similarly the appreciation between the flavor-enhanced and the REF appetizers except for the cumin-enhanced appetizer, which was appreciated significantly more than the REF (P &lt; 0.001). Patients in both ‘altered’ and ‘unaltered’ groups appreciated similarly the cumin appetizer (P &gt; 0.05), more the salt and garlic-enhanced appetizers (P ≤ 0.001, P = 0.005, respectively) and significantly less the lemon-enhanced appetizer relative to the REF (P = 0.029), confirming a tendency for patients to reject acid-flavored foods. Conclusions The salt and garlic enhancements were appreciated by the patients independent of the stage of chemotherapy or the severity of smell and taste alterations. Flavor enhancement seems a good strategy to maintain the pleasure of eating in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further research is still needed on the appreciation and intake of a complete meal (starter, main course, dessert). Funding Sources APICIL and ELIOR groups.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE OF MARRIAGEABLE AGE, EDUCATION, MATCHMAKING AND CHILD MARRIAGE IN FEMALES IN BANJARNEGARA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Reni Sumanti ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Dhesi Ari Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Background: Teenage marriage is still found in developing countries, including Indonesia. The percentage of teenage marriage in females in Indonesia is 11.5%. Various factors related to teenage marriage are education, knowledge, economy, and culture. Impacts caused by teenage marriages include pregnancy in adolescence which results in increased maternal and infant deaths, dropouts, and poor quality of the family. The prevalence of teenage marriage in Banjarnegara in 2016 was 23%, higher than the national prevalence.Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between factors related to knowledge of marriageable age, education, matchmaking and child marriage in females in Banjarnegara Indonesia.Methods: This was a correlational cross sectional study. There were 96 respondents selected using proportionated stratified random sampling Chi square and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: Findings show that there were statistically significant correlations between knowledge of marriageable age, education and child marriage. There was no signifciant relationship between matchmaking and child marriage, Respondents with low knowledge were 0.5 times more likely to have child marriage compared with those with high knowledge (p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.320-0.782).Conclusion: Knowledge of marriageable age is cosidered as the dominant factor affecting child marriage in Banjarnegara Indonesia. It is suggested that health care providers should continuously promote about the impact of child marriage to increase the knowledge of marriageable age.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL SAGITTAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Kaio Rodrigo Barreto Ramiro ◽  
Sylvio Mystro Neto ◽  
Ivan Guidolin Veiga ◽  
André Frazão Rosa ◽  
Mauricio Coelho Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Sagittal Parameters

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the cervical sagittal parameters of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare them with the parameters obtained from healthy patients in a sample of the Brazilian population. Methods: Epidemiological data were collected and 72 radiographs of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane were evaluated by measuring the cervical sagittal parameters COG-C7 (distance measured between the center of gravity of the head and the C7 plumb line -cranial offset), C2-C7 lordosis (vertebrae from C2 to C7), T1S (T1 slope), TIA (thoracic inlet angle) and NT (neck tilt). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t and chi-square tests. Results: The TIA and NT values in the RA group were 88.8° ± 12.6° and 54.5° ± 9.3°, respectively, while for the control group, they were 77.7° ± 7.9° and 50.5° ± 7.7°, respectively, the RA group values being statistically higher than the control group values (p <0.001 and p = 0.050, respectively). The values obtained for COG-C7, C2-C7 lordosis and T1S for the RA group were 9.4 ± 16.4mm, 25° ± 22.4° and 2.6° ± 10.1°, respectively, while for the control group they were 11.8 ± 17.6mm, 26.8° ± 12.5° and 30.9° ± 8.4°, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with RA present changes in the thoracic inlet parameters as compared to the control group, with a statistically significant increase in the TIA and NT values, outlining a characteristic compensatory pattern for maintaining cervical sagittal balance. Level of evidence III; Controlled cross-sectional study.

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