scholarly journals Crosstalk between Innate Lymphoid Cells and Other Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Flores-Borja ◽  
Sheeba Irshad ◽  
Peter Gordon ◽  
Felix Wong ◽  
Ibrahim Sheriff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

Our knowledge and understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been recently expanded with the recognition of the important role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Three different groups of ILC have been described based on their ability to produce cytokines that mediate the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells in a variety of immune responses in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity. However, recent evidence from experimental models and clinical studies has demonstrated that ILC contribute to the mechanisms that generate suppressive or tolerant environments that allow tumor regression or progression. Defining the complex network of interactions and crosstalk of ILC with other immune cells and understanding the specific contributions of each type of ILC leading to tumor development will allow the manipulation of their function and will be important to develop new interventions and therapeutic strategies.

The role of helper innate lymphoid cells in cancer

Immunotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1067-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunfeng Hu ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Basic Features

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of innate immune cells and have been found to have an important role in infection, inflammation and tissue repair. In particular, recent work has identified significant alterations of ILC responses in tumor patients, suggesting potential roles of ILCs in tumor development. In this paper, we have focused on the basic features of ILCs and their interaction with other immune cells. Importantly, as the role of cytotoxic natural killer cells, assigned to ILC1 family, in cancer has been well established, we have summarized the new findings that showcase the potential role and mechanism of helper ILCs in different tumors. Helper ILCs might promote or inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, which depends on tumor type and ILC subset.

scholarly journals Chemokines and Innate Lymphoid Cells in Skin Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3074
Author(s):  
Zhengwang Sun ◽  
Ravi Vattepu ◽  
Songfa Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Receptor Interactions

As the outermost barrier, skin plays an important role in protecting our bodies against outside invasion. Under stable conditions or during inflammation, leukocytes migration is essential for restoring homeostasis in the skin. Immune cells trafficking is orchestrated by chemokines; leukocytes express receptors that bind to chemokines and trigger migration. The homeostasis of the immune ecosystem is an extremely complicated dynamic process that requires the cooperation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Emerging studies have been shedding a light on the unique characteristics of skin-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In this review, we discuss how chemokines orchestrate skin ILCs trafficking and contribute to tissue homeostasis and how abnormal chemokine–chemokine receptor interactions contribute to and augment skin inflammation, as seen in conditions such as contact hypersensitivity, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.

scholarly journals Tuning cancer fate: the unremitting role of host immunity

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 170006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Calì ◽  
B. Molon ◽  
A. Viola
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Immune Cell Subsets ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols

Host immunity plays a central and complex role in dictating tumour progression. Solid tumours are commonly infiltrated by a large number of immune cells that dynamically interact with the surrounding microenvironment. At first, innate and adaptive immune cells successfully cooperate to eradicate microcolonies of transformed cells. Concomitantly, surviving tumour clones start to proliferate and harness immune responses by specifically hijacking anti-tumour effector mechanisms and fostering the accumulation of immunosuppressive immune cell subsets at the tumour site. This pliable interplay between immune and malignant cells is a relentless process that has been concisely organized in three different phases: elimination, equilibrium and escape. In this review, we aim to depict the distinct immune cell subsets and immune-mediated responses characterizing the tumour landscape throughout the three interconnected phases. Importantly, the identification of key immune players and molecules involved in the dynamic crosstalk between tumour and immune system has been crucial for the introduction of reliable prognostic factors and effective therapeutic protocols against cancers.

scholarly journals The Hygiene Hypothesis and New Perspectives—Current Challenges Meeting an Old Postulate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Garn ◽  
Daniel Piotr Potaczek ◽  
Petra Ina Pfefferle
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

During its 30 years history, the Hygiene Hypothesis has shown itself to be adaptable whenever it has been challenged by new scientific developments and this is a still a continuously ongoing process. In this regard, the mini review aims to discuss some selected new developments in relation to their impact on further fine-tuning and expansion of the Hygiene Hypothesis. This will include the role of recently discovered classes of innate and adaptive immune cells that challenges the old Th1/Th2 paradigm, the applicability of the Hygiene Hypothesis to newly identified allergy/asthma phenotypes with diverse underlying pathomechanistic endotypes, and the increasing knowledge derived from epigenetic studies that leads to better understanding of mechanisms involved in the translation of environmental impacts on biological systems. Further, we discuss in brief the expansion of the Hygiene Hypothesis to other disease areas like psychiatric disorders and cancer and conclude that the continuously developing Hygiene Hypothesis may provide a more generalized explanation for health burden in highly industrialized countries also relation to global changes.

scholarly journals Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia M. Blaszczak ◽  
Anahita Jalilvand ◽  
Willa A. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals The role of innate lymphoid cells in selected disease states – cancer formation, metabolic disorder and inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
Agata Poniewierska-Baran ◽  
Beata Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
Wiesław Deptuła
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Disease Diagnostics

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently described group of immune cells that can regulate homeostasis and protect mammalian organisms, including humans, from infections and diseases. Considering this, ILC research is still ongoing to better understand the biology of these cells and their roles in the human body. ILCs are a multifunctional group of immune cells, making it important for the medical community to be familiar with the latest research about the ILC families and their functions in selected disease states, such as cancer formation, metabolic disorders and inflammation. By discovering the roles of ILC populations and their participation in many disorders, we can improve disease diagnostics and patient healthcare.

scholarly journals Regulation of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels by Immune Cells in Tumors and Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Mazzone ◽  
Gabriele Bergers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Vessel Growth ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature

Research over the last decades has provided strong evidence for the pivotal role of the tumor-associated blood and lymphatic vasculature in supporting immunoevasion and in subverting T cell–mediated immunosurveillance. Conversely, tumor blood and lymphatic vessel growth is in part regulated by the immune system, with infiltrating innate as well as adaptive immune cells providing both immunosuppressive and various angiogenic signals. Thus, tumor angiogenesis and escape of immunosurveillance are two cancer hallmarks that are tightly linked and interregulated by cell constituents from compartments secreting both chemokines and cytokines. In this review, we discuss the implication and regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells in regulating blood and lymphatic angiogenesis in tumor progression and metastases. Moreover, we also highlight novel therapeutic approaches that target the tumor vasculature as well as the immune compartment to sustain and improve therapeutic efficacy in cancer.

In vitro immunogenicity prediction: bridging between innate and adaptive immunity

Bioanalysis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Cohen ◽  
Shan Chung
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Immune Cell Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is an undesirable potential outcome of administration of biotherapeutics and involves the innate and adaptive immune systems. ADAs can have detrimental clinical consequences: they can reduce biotherapeutic efficacy or produce adverse events. Because animal models are considered poor predictors of immunogenicity in humans, in vitro assays with human innate and adaptive immune cells are commonly used alternatives that can reveal cell-mediated unwanted immune responses. Multiple methods have been developed to assess the immune cell response following exposure to biotherapeutics and estimate the potential immunogenicity of biotherapeutics. This review highlights the role of innate and adaptive immune cells as the drivers of immunogenicity and summarizes the use of these cells in assays to predict clinical ADA.

scholarly journals Leukocyte Trafficking in Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from Experimental Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jones ◽  
Harry D. True ◽  
Jyoti Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Leukocyte Activation ◽  
Postmyocardial Infarction ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Pathological Event ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Chemokine-induced leukocyte migration into the vessel wall is an early pathological event in the progression of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of myocardial infarction. The immune-inflammatory response, mediated by both the innate and adaptive immune cells, is involved in the initiation, recruitment, and resolution phases of cardiovascular disease progression. Activation of leukocytes via inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules is instrumental in these processes. In this review, we highlight leukocyte activation with the main focus being on the mechanisms of chemokine-mediated recruitment in atherosclerosis and the response postmyocardial infarction with key examples from experimental models of cardiovascular inflammation.

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