scholarly journals A Qualitative Study to Explore Ways to Observe Results of Engaging Activities in Clients with Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ogawa ◽  
Seiji Nishida ◽  
Haruna Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background. Many occupational therapists face the challenge of helping clients with dementia to select and perform meaningful occupations, which may be difficult due to cognitive impairment. Understanding tacit knowledge of well-experienced occupational therapists could positively affect occupational therapy practice for clients with dementia. Objectives of Study. To explore the observations of experienced occupational therapists when evaluating the effects of activities in clients with dementia. Methods. Ten occupational therapists with over 10 years of clinical experience participated in this qualitative study. In-depth interviews were conducted to ask the question, “What do you observe in clients with dementia when you assess the effectiveness of activities among these clients?” Findings. From 47 cases, we found five major themes and 18 subthemes. Main themes were “engaging activity,” “emotional expression during activity,” “verbal expression during activity,” “social interaction through activity,” and “something obtained as outcome of activity.” Relevance to Clinical Practice. The 18 subthemes could be used as viewpoints to observe engagements of activity in clients with dementia. Limitations and Recommendations for Further Research. Future studies could examine which viewpoints were utilized for each type of activity and/or severity of dementia as this was not investigated in the current study.

scholarly journals Difficulties and motivations for physical exercise in women older than 65 years. A qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda López-Benavente ◽  
José Arnau-Sánchez ◽  
Tania Ros-Sánchez ◽  
Mª Beatriz Lidón-Cerezuela ◽  
Araceli Serrano-Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify difficulties and motivations for the practice of physical exercise in women older than 65 years. Method: qualitative study based on the phenomenological theory, with focus groups and in-depth interviews. The nursing staff selected 15 women by intentional sampling using the following criteria: age, time dedicated to physical exercise, independence, and absence of cognitive impairment and contraindication for this activity. Two focus groups were formed (one of them did physical exercise for less than 150 minutes per week and the other at least 150 minutes per week) in addition to conducting five in-depth interviews. Qualitative analysis of the data was performed through transcription, coding, categorization, and verification of results. Results: the difficulties to start and develop physical exercise were circumscribed to the perception of poor health and lack of free time; both circumstances result from care obligation, being represented as a gender imposition. However, the motivations are related to perception of strength, need for socialization, and perception of autonomy and freedom. Conclusions: the ideological representation of gender determines the women’s decision to exercise. Knowing the meaning and significance that women give to health and their role in the socio-family environment allows nurses to develop relationships and interventions to encourage the practice of physical exercise.

scholarly journals Factors influencing allied health professionals’ implementation of upper limb sensory rehabilitation for stroke survivors: a qualitative study to inform knowledge translation

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e042879
Author(s):  
Liana S Cahill ◽  
Leeanne M Carey ◽  
Yvonne Mak-Yuen ◽  
Annie McCluskey ◽  
Cheryl Neilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Normalisation Process Theory ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Implementation Theory ◽  
Factors Influencing

ObjectivesSomatosensory loss is common after stroke with one-in-two individuals affected. Although clinical practice guidelines recommend providing somatosensory rehabilitation, this impairment often remains unassessed and untreated. To address the gap between guideline recommendations and clinical practice, this study sought to understand the factors influencing delivery of evidence-based upper limb sensory rehabilitation after stroke.DesignQualitative study involving focus groups and interviews. Data analysis used an inductive approach (thematic analysis) and deductive analysis using implementation theory (the Theoretical Domains Framework and Normalisation Process Theory).SettingEight healthcare organisations in metropolitan and regional areas of Victoria and New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsEighty-seven rehabilitation therapists (79% occupational therapists and 21% physiotherapists) were purposively sampled and participated in a knowledge translation study with staggered recruitment from 2014 to 2018.ResultsThree types of factors influenced therapists’ delivery of upper limb somatosensory rehabilitation: individual (‘The uncertain, unskilled therapist’), patient (‘Patient understanding and priorities’) and organisational (‘System pressures and resources’). Deductive analysis using implementation theory identified key determinants of practice change, such as opportunities to consolidate new skills, the anticipated benefits of upskilling as a therapy team and the work anticipated by therapists to incorporate a new somatosensory rehabilitation approach.ConclusionsOccupational therapists and physiotherapists hold valuable insights towards practice change in somatosensory rehabilitation from the ‘frontline’. Therapists experience barriers to change including a lack of knowledge and skills, lack of resources and organisational pressures. Facilitators for change were identified, including social support and therapists’ perceived legitimacy in using new somatosensory rehabilitation approaches. Results will inform the design of a tailored implementation strategy to increase the use of evidence-based somatosensory rehabilitation in Australia.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000933550).

An Exploration of Aftercare Services for Female Drug Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talent Mhangwa ◽  
Madhu Kasiram ◽  
Sibonsile Zibane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Aftercare Services ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Female Drug Users ◽  
Depth Interviews

The number of female drug users has been on the rise in South Africa, with statistics reflecting a rise in the number of women who attend treatment centres annually. This article presents empirical data from a broader qualitative study which aimed to explore perceptions concerning the effectiveness of aftercare programmes for female recovering drug users. The main data source was transcripts of in-depth interviews and focus groups with both service users and service providers from a designated rehabilitation centre in Gauteng, South Africa. Framed within a biopsychosocial-spiritual model, this article explores the perceptions and meanings which the female recovering drug users and the service providers attach to aftercare programmes. The findings of the research outlined the range of factors promoting recovery, alongside noteworthy suggestions for improvement in aftercare services. While acknowledging multiple influences on behaviour, this article highlights the significance of these findings in planning and implementing holistic aftercare programmes.

Depression in Dementia or Dementia in Depression? Systematic Review of Studies and Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Brzezińska ◽  
Julius Bourke ◽  
Rayito Rivera-Hernández ◽  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Joanna Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The majority of research works to date suggest that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a risk factor for dementia and may predispose to cognitive decline in both early and late onset variants. The presence of depression may not, however, reflect the cause, rather, an effect: it may be a response to cognitive impairment or alters the threshold at which cognitive impairment might manifest or be detected. An alternative hypothesis is that depression may be part of a prodrome to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), suggesting a neurobiological association rather than one of psychological response alone. Genetic polymorphisms may explain some of the variances in shared phenomenology between the diagnoses, the instance, when the conditions arise comorbidly, the order in which they are detected that may depend on individual cognitive and physical reserves, as well as the medical history and individual vulnerability. This hypothesis is biologically sound but has not been systematically investigated to date. The current review highlights how genetic variations are involved in the development of both AD and MDD, and the risk conferred by these variations on the expression of these two disorders comorbidly is an important consideration for future studies of pathoaetiological mechanisms and in the stratification of study samples for randomised controlled trials.

scholarly journals Occupational therapists’ experiences of enabling people to participate in sport

2020 ◽  
pp. 030802262097394
Author(s):  
Deborah Bullen ◽  
Channine Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health And Social Care

Introduction In response to growing demands on health and social care services there is an emphasis on communities addressing the needs of local populations to improve lives and reduce inequalities. Occupational therapists are responding to these demands by expanding their scope of practice into innovative settings, such as working with refugees, the homeless and residents of nursing homes, and within sport and leisure environments. The benefits of sport are widely acknowledged, and this paper argues that occupational therapists could play a pivotal role in enabling people to participate. Method This qualitative study drew on a phenomenological approach and used interviews and thematic analysis to explore five occupational therapists’ experiences of enabling people to participate in sport. Findings Findings revealed that participants demonstrated the uniqueness of occupational therapy when enabling people to participate in sport and practised according to their professional philosophy. There were opportunities to reach wider communities and promote the value of occupational therapy by collaborating with organisations, but there were also challenges when working outside of traditional settings. Conclusion The study emphasises the unique skills occupational therapists can bring to this setting. It highlights opportunities to expand their practice, to forge new partnerships in sports and leisure environments, and to address the national inactivity crisis.

scholarly journals Older Adults’ Experiences of a Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Intervention: A Nested Qualitative Study in the SITLESS Multi-Country Randomised Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4730
Author(s):  
Nicole Blackburn ◽  
Mathias Skjodt ◽  
Mark Tully ◽  
Ilona Mc Mullan ◽  
Maria Giné-Garriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Exercise Referral

Background: The SITLESS programme comprises exercise referral schemes and self-management strategies and has been evaluated in a trial in Denmark, Spain, Germany and Northern Ireland. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the implementation and contextual aspects of the intervention in relation to the mechanisms of impact and to explore the perceived effects. Methods: Qualitative methodologies were nested in the SITLESS trial including 71 individual interviews and 12 focus groups targeting intervention and control group participants from postintervention to 18-month follow-up in all intervention sites based on a semi-structured topic guide. Results: Overarching themes were identified under the framework categories of context, implementation, mechanisms of impact and perceived effects. The findings highlight the perceived barriers and facilitators to older adults’ engagement in exercise referral schemes. Social interaction and enjoyment through the group-based programmes are key components to promote adherence and encourage the maintenance of targeted behaviours through peer support and connectedness. Exit strategies and signposting to relevant classes and facilities enabled the maintenance of positive lifestyle behaviours. Conclusions: When designing and implementing interventions, key components enhancing social interaction, enjoyment and continuity should be in place in order to successfully promote sustained behaviour change.

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