scholarly journals A State-of-the-Art Review on Empirical Data Collection for External Governed Pedestrians Complex Movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Shi ◽  
Zhirui Ye ◽  
Nirajan Shiwakoti ◽  
Offer Grembek
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Random Flows ◽  
Complex Movement

Complex movement patterns of pedestrian traffic, ranging from unidirectional to multidirectional flows, are frequently observed in major public infrastructure such as transport hubs. These multidirectional movements can result in increased number of conflicts, thereby influencing the mobility and safety of pedestrian facilities. Therefore, empirical data collection on pedestrians’ complex movement has been on the rise in the past two decades. Although there are several reviews of mathematical simulation models for pedestrian traffic in the existing literature, a detailed review examining the challenges and opportunities on empirical studies on the pedestrians complex movements is limited in the literature. The overall aim of this study is to present a systematic review on the empirical data collection for uni- and multidirectional crowd complex movements. We first categorized the complex movements of pedestrian crowd into two general categories, namely, external governed movements and internal driven movements based on the interactions with the infrastructure and among pedestrians, respectively. Further, considering the hierarchy of movement complexity, we decomposed the externally governed movements of pedestrian traffic into several unique movement patterns including straight line, turning, egress and ingress, opposing, weaving, merging, diverging, and random flows. Analysis of the literature showed that empirical data were highly rich in straight line and egress flow while medium rich in turning, merging, weaving, and opposing flows, but poor in ingress, diverging, and random flows. We put emphasis on the need for the future global collaborative efforts on data sharing for the complex crowd movements.

Intelligent Freight Transportation System

2013 ◽  
pp. 2051-2062
Author(s):  
Gunnar Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Information And Communication

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the necessary components of Intelligent Freight Transportation System (IFTS) and analyze the potential effects on transport operations performances in all the three pillars of sustainability, namely the economics, environmental and social impacts. In order to achieve this objective, a literature study was conducted, looking for relevant up-to-date literature within the fields of transportation, logistics, and information and communication technology (ICT) and environmental impacts of freight transportation. In addition, two separate rounds of empirical studies were made. From literature, as well as from part of the empirical data collection, a requirement analysis was done to understand issues and problems in transport operations that can be addressed with more sophisticated information and communication systems. The second round of empirical data collection was done to identify potential solutions of the identified issues. Finally an analysis was made to understand the functionalities of possible IFTS solutions. Many effects were found that can contribute to increased performance of transport operations including automatic item identification, safety and security prevention, real-time navigation, traffic situation notification and carbon footprint registration.

Intelligent Freight Transportation System

2012 ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Gunnar Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Information And Communication

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the necessary components of Intelligent Freight Transportation System (IFTS) and analyze the potential effects on transport operations performances in all the three pillars of sustainability, namely the economics, environmental and social impacts. In order to achieve this objective, a literature study was conducted, looking for relevant up-to-date literature within the fields of transportation, logistics, and information and communication technology (ICT) and environmental impacts of freight transportation. In addition, two separate rounds of empirical studies were made. From literature, as well as from part of the empirical data collection, a requirement analysis was done to understand issues and problems in transport operations that can be addressed with more sophisticated information and communication systems. The second round of empirical data collection was done to identify potential solutions of the identified issues. Finally an analysis was made to understand the functionalities of possible IFTS solutions. Many effects were found that can contribute to increased performance of transport operations including automatic item identification, safety and security prevention, real-time navigation, traffic situation notification and carbon footprint registration.

An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debi A. LaPlante ◽  
Heather M. Gray ◽  
Pat M. Williams ◽  
Sarah E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Related Harm

Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambling expansion and subsequent gambling-related changes among the population. Results: Although gambling expansion is associated with changes in gambling and gambling-related problems, empirical studies suggest that these effects are mixed and the available literature is limited. For example, the peer review literature suggests that most post-expansion gambling outcomes (i. e., 22 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 64.7 %) indicate no observable change or a decrease in gambling outcomes, and a minority (i. e., 12 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 35.3 %) indicate an increase in gambling outcomes. Conclusions: Empirical data related to gambling expansion suggests that its effects are more complex than frequently considered; however, evidence-based intervention might help prepare jurisdictions to deal with potential consequences. Jurisdictions can develop and evaluate responsible gambling programs to try to mitigate the impacts of expanded gambling.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

scholarly journals Alternative Strategies to Avoid Layoff in Airlines Industry During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Padmalini Singh ◽  
Dilip D ◽  
Nuthan Jeevraj P ◽  
Yip Wei Hung ◽  
Daisy Mui Hung Kee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Airline Company

This research was carried out to explore the layoff situation among the Airline industry during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest the alternative strategies that would consider by the Airline company. The method used in this research is an online questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents as the primary data collection and the secondary data analysis from the empirical studies that can obtain from electronic and non-electronic media. The findings of this research indicated that one of the suggested alternative strategies, Furlough, is the most recommended one. However, Attrition and Hiring Freeze strategy has less recommended because of the low effectiveness of this strategy on downsizing companies. The study enables the airline company to consider the alternative strategies on their downsizing policy in order to minimize the employees and company loss.

scholarly journals Collecting clinical data in primary ciliary dyskinesia- challenges and opportunities

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Amirav ◽  
Mary Roduta Roberts ◽  
Huda Mussaffi ◽  
Avigdor Mandelberg ◽  
Yehudah Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
End User ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Rationale: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is under diagnosed and underestimated. Most clinical research has used some form of questionnaires to capture data but none has been critically evaluated particularly with respect to its end-user feasibility and utility. Objective: To critically appraise a clinical data collection questionnaire for PCD used in a large national PCD consortium in order to apply conclusions in future PCD research. Methods: We describe the development, validation and revision process of a clinical questionnaire for PCD and its evaluation during a national clinical PCD study with respect to data collection and analysis, initial completion rates and user feedback. Results: 14 centers participating in the consortium successfully completed the revised version of the questionnaire for 173 patients with various completion rates for various items. While content and internal consistency analysis demonstrated validity, there were methodological deficiencies impacting completion rates and end-user utility. These deficiencies were addressed resulting in a more valid questionnaire. Conclusions: Our experience may be useful for future clinical research in PCD. Based on the feedback collected on the questionnaire through analysis of completion rates, judgmental analysis of the content, and feedback from experts and end users, we suggest a practicable framework for development of similar tools for various future PCD research.

scholarly journals Barnkonventionens implementering i svensk lagstiftning och praktik – barns bästa och barns rätt att uttrycka sina åsikter vid vårdnadstvister

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Rejmer ◽  
Ann-Sofie Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Custody Disputes ◽  
Good Contact

Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Swedish legislationand practice – children’s best interests and children’s rights to express their viewsin custody disputes: The article examines the implementation of articles 3 and 12 of the UN Convention on the Rightsof the Child (CRC) in the parental code regulations on custody, residence and access and how theyare applied in practice. The best interests of the child are, according to the regulations of the parentalcode, the superior principle in handling custody disputes, which includes an examination ofthe risk of abuse, the child’s need for close and good contact with both parents and the child’s will.The results of conducted empirical studies show that articles 3 and 12 of the CRC have not beenimplemented in the parental code. Children lack an independent right to express their opinionin the handling of custody disputes. The article is based on empirical data from sources of law,custody cases, and interviews with parents in dispute.

scholarly journals Theological normativity and church development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Råmunddal ◽  
António Barbosa Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Practical Theology ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Church Development ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Church ◽  
Development Practice

This article attempts to answer the following question: how significant is theological normativity for church development practice? At a time when many leaders are busy developing local churches according to secular organisational theories, models and experiences, the following question arises: to what extent does the normative character of the Bible impact Christian faith, church life and ministry and how might normative theology affect development projects that are carried out by churches? The overriding issue that both current practice and the article focus on, is how theological normativity and empirical data can be integrated in the area of church development. After explaining the concepts of theological normativity and empirical data and the logical relationship between them, the article discusses how different national (Norwegian) and international researchers within practical theology attempt to resolve problems relating to the integration of normative theology with empirical data. The article’s authors believe that these attempts end up with either assimilation or integration, neither of which is beneficial for church development practice. Therefore, the authors propose an alternative integration model that distinguishes between three levels / degrees of theological normativity, corresponding to three different fields and areas of church development. From this perspective, one can see how the integration of empirical data in the three levels of normativity brings both challenges and opportunities. The authors’ conclusion and recommendation concerning the function and significance of the theological normativity in church development is that theological normativity bestows the church with identity and at same time has a guiding and corrective function.

The Challenges and Opportunities of E-Commerce Data Collection in Indonesia Compared to BRICS Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Muhammad Basorudin ◽  
Khalilur Rahman ◽  
Nadra Yudelsa Ratu ◽  
Easbi Ikhsan ◽  
Wida Siddhikara Perwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Maturity Assessment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The development of e-commerce business in Indonesia is very rapid. The rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia will make Indonesia the largest digital economy in Southeast Asia in 2020. However, there are several obstacles, one of which is the provision of a trusted e-commerce database. Data has an important element in development in developing an e-commerce business in Indonesia. As the National Statistics Organizations, BPS Statistics Indonesia was pushed to collect the e-commerce data. BPS has developed several methods of collection e-commerce data using e-commerce survey and crawling technique in 2018 but still has a weakness. As a comparative study, there are several countries of G-20 that have high development in e-commerce and associate themselves as BRICS countries. With SWOT Analysis and Maturity Assessment, this study wants to analyze strength, weakness, opportunity, and thread, also measure the maturity from each method of collection used. Based on the result, Indonesia has better maturity in technology implemented, but worse regulation and people cooperation.

scholarly journals Response to Wolf et al.: Furthering Debate over the Suitability of Trap-Neuter-Return for Stray Cat Management

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Calver ◽  
Heather M. Crawford ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
Poor Welfare

To continue dialogue over proposed Australian trials of Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR), we applied a framework requiring identification of areas of agreement, areas of disagreement, and identification of empirical data collection required to resolve disagreements. There is agreement that Australia has a problem with stray cats, causing problems of impacts on wildlife, nuisance, disease transmission (including public health issues and exchange of diseases between stray cat and pet cat populations), poor welfare outcomes for stray cats, and an emotional burden on staff euthanising healthy stray cats. There is disagreement on whether (i) current measures are failing, leading to unacceptably high euthanasia levels, (ii) some contributors to the debate misunderstand TNR, (iii) TNR trials will reduce urban cat populations and associated problems, (iv) TNR is an ethical solution to cat overpopulation, and (v) some contributors to the debate promulgated misinformation. Although not everyone agrees that TNR trials should proceed, as a hypothetical exploration, we propose an experimental approach explicitly comparing TNR to alternatives. Trials could only be considered if other detailed and well-funded attempts at stray cat control focusing across an entire Local Government Area (LGA) prove ineffective.

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