scholarly journals Comparison of RPR and ELISA with TPHA for the Diagnosis of Syphilis: Implication for Updating Syphilis Point-of-Care Tests in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markos Negash ◽  
Tadelo Wondmagegn ◽  
Demeke Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background.Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the spirocheteTreponema pallidum, and it persists to be a major public health problem in Africa, including Ethiopia. Syphilis diagnosis is made by either nontreponemal or treponemal approaches, though in developing countries the diagnosis relies mostly on nonspecific tests due to several reasons. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) withTreponema pallidumhemagglutination assay (TPHA) as a gold standard for the diagnosis of syphilis.Results. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ECOTEST-RPR were 100%, 80.8%, 76.2%, and 100%, respectively. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of DIALAB-ELISA were 98.4%, 94.9%, 92.3%, and 98.9%, respectively. The agreement between DIALAB-ELISA and Randox-TPHA was excellent (kappa value: 0.96) as compared to ECOTEST-RPR and Randox-TPHA assay (kappa value: 0.88).Conclusion.We found a characteristically variable performance of DIALAB-ELISA test and the currently available traditional ECOTEST-RPR test in the study area. The use of ECOTEST-RPR as a diagnostic test is confronted by its false positivity. Thus, neither the ECOTEST-RPR nor the DIALAB-ELISA test stands on its own to be used either as screening or confirmatory test for syphilis diagnosis. Consequently, thorough studies should be conducted aiming on a change of the current diagnostic scheme in the community.

Agreement of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay With Rapid Plasma Reagin and Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination Assay for Screening and Diagnosis of Syphilis at National Blood Bank Service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S153-S154
Author(s):  
Jemal Ibrahim ◽  
Ejigayehu Afework ◽  
Mintewab Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Objectives To determine the agreement of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) at the National Blood Bank Service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods The study was conducted from January to June 2016 on 190 syphilis ELISA positive and 190 negative samples stored at the National Blood Bank Service (NBBS) laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July 2015 to December 2015. A systematic random sampling method was used to select samples. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. The overall percent agreement, kappa value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the tests were calculated. Results From 190 positive sera, 151 (80%) were confirmed as positive by TPHA, and 39 (20%) were found false positive; 59 (31.1%) of them were positive and 131 (68.9%) were false positive by RPR. From 190 negative sera, all were negative by RPR and TPHA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of TPHA were 99.9%, 85%, 79%, and 100%, respectively, while RPR was 62%, 99%, 100%, and 63%, respectively. Overall percent agreement of ELISA with TPHA was 90% and corresponding kappa value was 0.795, and ELISA with RPR was 66% with a kappa value of 0.375. Conclusion TPHA was very sensitive; there was substantial agreement with ELISA. Whereas RPR was highly specific and less sensitive, there was fair agreement with ELISA. TPHA can be used interchangeably with ELISA to screen blood in blood bank laboratories.

scholarly journals TYPHOID FEVER

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
ATIF SITWAT HAYAT ◽  
NAILA SHAIKH ◽  
SYED IQBAL AHMED SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Typhoid fever is widely recognized as a major public health problem in developing countries. A simple, reliable and rapid diagnostic test is needed for clinicians especially in areas where laboratory services are limited. Objective: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of typhidot (IgM), a serological test to identify IgM antibodies against salmonella typhi. Study Design: This was a prospective study. Setting: Northern Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) and Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Period: 1st November 2009 to 31st August 2010. Methods: A total of 100 patients with clinically suspected typhoid fever were studied and divided into three main groups as A, B and C, with definite typhoid fever, typhoid suspects plus non-typhoidal illnesses and healthy controls respectively. Blood culture and typhidot (IgM) tests were conducted for all subjects included in the study. The validity of typhidot (IgM) test has been evaluated by determining the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Results: In our study, majority (75%) were males and (25%) females with M to F ratio of 3:1. The mean age of study group was 26.31±11.8 (SD) years. Among 100 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever patients, 19 had positive blood culture for S.typhi and 71 were typhidot (IgM) positive. Out of 19 culture positive patients, 18 (94.73%) were true typhidot (IgM) positive, which was also falsely positive in 05 (20.83%) among 24 non- typhoidal febrile controls. None of the healthy controls was positive for typhoid (IgM) test. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of typhidot (IgM) test using blood culture as gold standard were 94.73%, 90%, 97.72% and 78.26% respectively for patients having typhoid fever. Conclusions: Typhidot (IgM) test is a simple, reliable, rapid and valid diagnostic tool for typhoid fever especially in areas where laboratory services are limited.  

scholarly journals Missed opportunities for the diagnosis of Brucella infection among slaughterhouse workers at the Kumasi Abattoir, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie ◽  
Augustina Angelina Annan ◽  
Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah ◽  
Richard Larbi ◽  
Nicholas Addofoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease in humans with its public health importance. Laboratory diagnostic methods targeting brucellosis are not performed in hospital settings across Ghana. Very little is known about the comparative diagnostic abilities of the various tests available presently. The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate and compare diagnostic performances of Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) employed in diagnosing Brucella infection.Two hundred and twenty Abattoir workers were randomly selected in Kumasi, Ghana. Blood samples were collected, serum extracted and tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies and compared among three different techniques, using ELISA, RBPT and PCR.From the 220 participants tested for antibodies against Brucella spp., 3 (1.4%), 4 (1.8%) and 21 (9.6%) were positive for Rose Bengal Plate test, anti-Brucella ELISA IgM and anti-Brucella ELISA IgG respectively. A total of 98 (44.5%) participants tested positive by PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values and Kappa value for Rose Bengal in comparison with PCR were 66.7%, 55.8%, 2.0%, 100% and 0.013 respectively while that for ELISA IgG in comparison with PCR were 85.7%, 71.3%, 18.4%, 98.5% and 0.212 respectively.PCR yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity among the three diagnostic methods in this study and should be considered for use at strategic reference laboratories to augment existing routine serological tests for brucella performed in laboratories in Ghana.

scholarly journals Investigation of the rapid immunochromatographic test performance in the diagnosis of syphilis; comparison of four serological methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Agah Terzi ◽  
Ozlem Aydemir ◽  
Engin Karakece ◽  
Huseyin Hatipoglu ◽  
Mehmet Olmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectivesTo test the performance of the newly available rapid test for syphilis, we compared it with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Additionally, we investigated the performance of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) at our laboratory using TPHA as a gold standard.MethodsThe serum samples of 595 patients with the pre-diagnosis of syphilis were studied by four serological methods. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of RPR, CMIA, and syphilis rapid test were assessed by utilizing TPHA as a gold standard for the diagnosis of syphilis.ResultsOf the patients, 6.2% (37/595) had positive RPR, 5.5% (33/595) had positive CMIA, 5.5% (33/595) had a positive rapid immunochromatographic method and 5% (30/595) had positive TPHA. When TPHA results were taken as the reference, the sensitivity of the rapid test for syphilis was 100%, the specificity was 99.5%, PPV was 90.9%, and NPV was 100.0%.ConclusionsIt was observed that the rapid test for syphilis used in the study was quite successful, its cost was appropriate, and the test was very fast and easy to apply. At the same time, the agreement between syphilis rapid test and TPHA was found to be excellent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diagnostic Value in Using a Panel of Multiple Tumor-Associated Antigens for Immunodiagnosis of Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Chunhua Song ◽  
Weihong Xie ◽  
Hua Ye ◽  
Kaijuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigens ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Kappa Value

To determine whether a panel of multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) would enhance antibody detection, the diagnostic value of autoantibodies to a panel of multiple TAAs in cancer has been evaluated. The TAAs used in this study was composed of eight TAAs including Imp1, p62, Koc, p53, C-myc, Cyclin B1, Survivin, and p16 full-length recombinant proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to detect antibodies in 304 cancer sera and also 58 sera from normal individuals. The antibody frequency to any individual TAA in cancer was variable but rarely exceeded 20%. With the successive addition of TAAs to a final combination of total of eight antigens, there was a stepwise increase of positive antibody reactions reaching a sensitivity of 63.5% and a specificity of 86.2% in the combined cancer group. In different types of cancer, the ranges of positive and negative likelihood ratio were 4.07–4.76 and 0.39–0.51, respectively, and the ranges of positive and negative predictive values were 74.2–88.7% and 58.8–75.8%, respectively. Agreement rate and Kappa value were 67.1% and 0.51, respectively. These results further support our previous hypothesis that detection of anti-TAAs autoantibodies for diagnosis of certain type of cancer can be enhanced by using a miniarray of several TAAs.

scholarly journals Increased detection of schistosomiasis with Kato-Katz and SWAP-IgG-ELISA in a Northeastern Brazil low-intensity transmission area

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teiliane Rodrigues Carneiro ◽  
Marta Cristhiany Cunha Pinheiro ◽  
Sara Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lúcia de Paula Hanemann ◽  
José Ajax Nogueira Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Endemic Areas

INTRODUCTION: The laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis is based mainly on the detection of parasite eggs in stool samples through the Kato-Katz (KK) technique, reading one slide by test. However, a widely known limitation of parasitological methods is reduced sensitivity, particularly in low endemic areas. METHODS: To increase sensitivity, we conducted further slide readings from the same stool sample using the parasitological method associated with a serological test. We used the KK method (three slides) and the IgG anti-Schistosoma mansoni-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to diagnose schistosomiasis in low endemic areas in the Brazilian State of Ceará. Fecal samples and sera from 250 individuals were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixteen percent and 47.2% of samples were positive in parasitological tests and serological tests, respectively. Parasitological methods showed that 32 (80%) individuals tested positive on the first slide, 6 (15%) on the second slide, and 2 (5%) on the third. The performance of the ELISA test in the diagnosis, using the KK method as diagnostic reference, showed a negative predictive value of 100%, with specificity and positive predictive values of 62.8% and 33.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the increase from one to three slides analyzed per sample using the KK technique was shown to be a useful procedure for increasing the diagnostic sensitivity of this technique.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Maryam Kusumawaty ◽  
Khairuddin Djawad ◽  
Muh Nasrum Massi ◽  
Andi Muhammad Adam ◽  
Siswanto Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction. Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum spirochete and is mainly transmitted by sexual contact. Syphilis has the potential to cause serious complications and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection thus making syphilis still a major public health problem. In Indonesia, surveys of high-risk populations in 2007 and 2011 reported an increase in the prevalence of syphilis, especially in men who have sexual relationships with other men (MSM). Moreover, studies have described risk factors for HIV transmission including MSM, heterosexual contacts, Intravenous (IV) drug use, and infected partners. Objectives. To assess the epidemiological aspects and risk factors for syphilis in Makassar, as well as the correlation with a coinfection of other sexually transmitted infections. Material and Methods. This study is a multi-centre cross-sectional descriptive study with consecutive sampling. We evaluated cases for eligibility by confirming the diagnosis based on the serological result using rapid plasma reagin assay (RPR), Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), and HIV screening kit. The cases were analyzed based on epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical findings, co-infection with other sexually transmitted infection (ST), and stadium of the disease. Results. A total of 79 serologically confirmed syphilis cases were collected between January 2017 and December 2018 in Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia. Of the 63 male subjects (79.7%), 38 (48.1%) were homosexual/MSM, and in 41 cases of HIV-infected subjects, 25 (60.9%) of them were also MSM. Conclusion. Our study showed there was a significant correlation between syphilis and an increased risk of HIV transmission in MSM groups. The higher number of cases of syphilis and HIV co-infection among MSM can increase transmission of both infections and should be considered a major risk factor for syphilis in Makassar.

scholarly journals FEV1/FEV6: A Reliable, Easy-to-Use, and Cheaper Alternative to FEV1/FVC in Diagnosing Airway Obstruction in Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Kumar Singh ◽  
Amit Lohia
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Acceptability Criteria ◽  
Indian Data

Background. FEV1/FEV6 has been proposed as a cheap, reproducible and valid alternative to FEV1/FVC in spirometry. No Indian data exists on its utility to diagnose airway obstruction. Aim. we sought to determine a fixed cut off of FEV1/FEV6 to diagnose obstruction corresponding to FEV1/FVC < 0.70 proposed by GOLD guidelines. Method. Spirometry was done on patient referred to a tertiary centre in India. Age, sex, height weight were recorded in addition to spirometric variables like FEV1, FVC, FEV6. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FEV1/FEV6 were determined with respect to gold standard of FEV1/FVC < 0.70. Results. 467 spirometries were analysed after meeting the ATS acceptability criteria. Considering FEV1/FVC < 0.7 as being the gold standard for obstruction, ROC curve was used to determine the best corresponding cut-off for FEV1/FEV6. The area under the curve was 99.3% (95% CI: 98.1–99.8%), and the FEV1/FEV6 cut-off, corresponding to the greatest sum of sensitivity and specificity, was 73%. For the total population, the FEV1/FEV6 sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were was 95.7 %, 94.2 %, 87.5 % and 97.9 % respectively. Agreement by Kappa value between two cut offs was excellent 0.89 (0.87–0.91). Conclusion. FEV1/FEV6 < 73% is a new reliable spirometry index to diagnose airway obstruction in Indian population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Detect Immunoglobulin G Antibody to Enolase for Serodiagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laín ◽  
María D. Moragues ◽  
Juan Carlos García Ruiz ◽  
Joaquín Mendoza ◽  
Ana Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

ABSTRACT The performance of a new test to detect antibodies to Candida albicans recombinant enolase was investigated in 47 immunocompromised and 51 immunocompetent patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the test for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis were 81.0, 83.9, 79.1, and 85.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of WHO criteria to determine degree of dehydration in children with acute diarrhea

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Suprawita Sari ◽  
Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽  
S L Margaretha ◽  
S Nafianti ◽  
B Hasibuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and agreementbetween the 1980 and 1990 WHO criteria for determining the de-gree of dehydration in children with acute diarrhea.Methods This prospective study was conducted in two hospitalsfrom October 2002 to February 2003. Clinical signs of dehydrationall patients were recorded. The degree of dehydration based onthe 1980 and 1990 WHO criteria was determined and comparedwith fluid deficit measured by the difference of body weight on ad-mission and on discharge. Chi-square test and kappa value analy-ses were performed. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, andaccuracy of each WHO criteria were assessed. The prevalence ofdehydration was also determined.Results Sixty-five patients, comprising 40 boys and 25 girls, werestudied. There was a significant difference between the two WHOcriteria in differentiating between dehydration and non-dehydra-tion (P<0.05). Based on the 1980 WHO criteria the prevalence ofdehydration was 62.2%. Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy indiagnosing dehydration were 100.0%, 55.5%, and 86.2%, respec-tively. Based on the 1990 WHO criteria, the prevalence of dehy-dration was 60.0%. Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diag-nosing dehydration were 94.9%, 46.1%, and 75.4%, respectively.There was also a significant difference between both criteria indetermining severe dehydration (P<0.05). Based on the 1980 cri-teria, the prevalence of severe dehydration was 15.4%. Its sensi-tivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing severe dehydrationwere 30.0%, 94.5%, and 84.6%, respectively. Based on the 1990criteria, these results were 40.0%, 94.5%, and 86.2%, respectively.The prevalence was 15.4%. Kappa value comparing the two WHOcriteria was 0.852 in diagnosing dehydration and 0.915 in diag-nosing severe dehydration. There was no significant differencebetween the two criteria in their sensitivity and specificity (P>0.05).Conclusion Both WHO criteria can be applied to determine de-hydration in patients with acute diarrhea, although we feel that the1990 criteria is simpler

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