scholarly journals Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Alelign ◽  
Beyene Petros
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
World Population ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. It is an increasing urological disorder of human health, affecting about 12% of the world population. It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. The etiology of kidney stone is multifactorial. The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed at Randall’s plaque on the renal papillary surfaces. The mechanism of stone formation is a complex process which results from several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention of urinary stone constituents within tubular cells. These steps are modulated by an imbalance between factors that promote or inhibit urinary crystallization. It is also noted that cellular injury promotes retention of particles on renal papillary surfaces. The exposure of renal epithelial cells to oxalate causes a signaling cascade which leads to apoptosis by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Currently, there is no satisfactory drug to cure and/or prevent kidney stone recurrences. Thus, further understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney stone formation is a research area to manage urolithiasis using new drugs. Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches.

scholarly journals Herbal Alternative for Kidney Stone Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Author(s):  
Bhavisha Bhupendrabhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Kidney stone disease is an increasing disorder of humans. It affects about 12% of the world population. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. [1] It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. Kidney stones   result from a succession of several physicochemical events including super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow .The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10 %.Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone disease.[2] Kidney stone disease is usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. Data from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically explains the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis. Keywords:  Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Herbal plant extracts, Alternative medicine

scholarly journals Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.

scholarly journals 323 Association of Increased Body Mass Index and Waist to Hip Ratio with Kidney Stone Disease: a Prospective Analysis of 493,410 UK Biobank participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lovegrove ◽  
T Littlejohns ◽  
N Allen ◽  
S Howles ◽  
B Turney
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Aim To investigate the relationship between measures of adiposity and risk of incident kidney stone disease. Method The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of ∼500,000 participants whose height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist:hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, fat-free mass, body-fat percentage, and percentage truncal fat were measured at enrolment with linkage to medical records. ICD-10 and OPCS codes identified individuals with a new diagnosis of nephrolithiasis from 2006-2010. Individuals with a history of kidney stones or incomplete data were excluded. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between anthropometric measures and incident kidney stones. Results From the UK Biobank, 493,410 individuals were identified for inclusion; 3,466 developed a kidney stone during the study period. Increasing weight, BMI, waist, and hip circumferences, WHR, and body and truncal fat were all associated with increased risk of incident kidney stone disease. However, after adjustment for BMI, only waist circumference and WHR remained significantly associated with risk of nephrolithiasis. In overweight patients, high (men 94-102cm, women 80-88cm) waist circumference or WHR (men >0.9, women >0.85) conferred >40% increased risk of stone formation. Conclusions This study indicates that android fat distribution is independently associated with increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone disease is known to be associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, all of which have been linked to android body shape. Our findings provide insight into anthropometric risk factors for stone disease, will facilitate identification of patients at greatest risk of stone recurrence, and will inform prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Association of Increased Body Mass Index and Waist to Hip Ratio with Kidney Stone Disease: a prospective analysis of 493,410 UK Biobank participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nuffield Department ◽  
The Uk

Catherine E Lovegrove1,2 – [email protected] Littlejohns3- [email protected] Allen3- [email protected] A Howles1,4- [email protected] W Turney 1,2- [email protected] 1 Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK2 University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK3 University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Public Health, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK4 Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK   Objectives To investigate the relationship between measures of adiposity and risk of incident kidney stone disease. Patients and methods The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of ~500,000 participants whose height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist:hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, fat-free mass, body-fat percentage and percentage truncal fat were measured at enrolment with linkage to medical records. ICD-10 and OPCS codes were used to identify individuals with a new diagnosis of nephrolithiasis from 2006-2010. Individuals with a history of kidney stones or incomplete data were excluded. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between anthropometric measures and incident kidney stones. Results From the UK Biobank, 493,410 individuals were identified for inclusion; 3,466 developed a kidney stone during the study period. Increasing weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, WHR, and body and truncal fat were associated with increased risk of incident kidney stone disease. However, after adjustment for BMI, only waist circumference and WHR remained significantly associated with risk of nephrolithiasis. In overweight patients, high (men 94-102cm, women 80-88cm) waist circumference or WHR (men >0.9, women >0.85) conferred >40% increased risk of stone formation. Conclusion This study indicates that android fat distribution is independently associated with increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone disease is known to be associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, all of which are linked to android body shape. Our findings provide insight into anthropometric risk factors for stone disease, will facilitate identification of patients at greatest risk of stone recurrence, and will inform prevention strategies.

scholarly journals KIDNEY STONE DISEASE WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY STONES – A CONTEMPORARY SYNOPSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2031-2039
Author(s):  
Łukasz Dobrek
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Endogenous Compounds

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis; urolithiasis) is a clinical entity with long-term course and recurrence, primarily affecting mature and ageing men, involving the formation and presence of urinary stones in the kidneys and urinary tract. The pathogenesis of this disorder is complex and still not fully understood. A rare, potentially modifiable, form of kidney stone disease takes the form of drug-induced urinary stones. The aim of the review was a brief description of the classification and pathophysiology of kidney stone disease, along with the short characteristics of drug-induced urinary stones. This type of stones is formed as a result of crystallisation in the kidneys and urinary tract of sparingly soluble drugs and their metabolites, or as a result of metabolic changes caused by drugs, predestinating the development of stones containing endogenous compounds. Conclusion: Therefore, during treatment with the use of drugs with high lithogenic potential, the safety of pharmacotherapy should be monitored in the context of its increased risk of developing urinary stones.

scholarly journals Proteomics of Crystal–Cell Interactions: A Model for Kidney Stone Research

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongboonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Crystal Cell

Nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis (i.e., kidney stone disease) remains a global public health problem with increasing incidence/prevalence. The most common chemical composition of kidney stones is calcium oxalate that initiates stone formation by crystallization, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, crystal–cell adhesion, and crystal invasion through extracellular matrix in renal interstitium. Among these processes, crystal–cell interactions (defined as “the phenomena in which the cell is altered by any means of effects from the crystal that adheres onto cellular surface or is internalized into the cell, accompanying with changes of the crystal, e.g., growth, adhesive capability, degradation, etc., induced by the cell”) are very important for crystal retention in the kidney. During the past 12 years, proteomics has been extensively applied to kidney stone research aiming for better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of kidney stone formation. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge in this field and summarizes the data obtained from all the studies that applied proteomics to the investigations of crystal–cell interactions that subsequently led to functional studies to address the significant impact or functional roles of the expression proteomics data in the pathogenesis of kidney stone disease.

Urinary stone risk factors in the descendants of patients with kidney stone disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thasinas Dissayabutra ◽  
Nuttiya Kalpongkul ◽  
Jakkhaphan Rattanaphan ◽  
Chanchai Boonla ◽  
Monpicha Srisa-art ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in CaSR and CLDN14 Genes Associated with Increased Risk of Kidney Stone Disease in Patients from the Eastern Part of India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0130790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manalee Guha ◽  
Biswabandhu Bankura ◽  
Sudakshina Ghosh ◽  
Arup Kumar Pattanayak ◽  
Saurabh Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Association of Kidney Stone Disease (KSD) with Primary Gastrointestinal Surgery: a Systematic Review over Last 2 Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Premakumar ◽  
N. Gadiyar ◽  
B. M. Zeeshan Hameed ◽  
D. Veneziano ◽  
B. K. Somani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Purpose of review We aim to provide an up-to-date literature review to further characterise the association of kidney stone disease (KSD) with gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. As KSD is associated with significant morbidity, it is important to quantify and qualify this association to provide better care and management for the patient subgroup. Objective To perform a systematic review of the existing literature to evaluate the association of KSD following GI surgery. Methods A literature search was performed of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Key Urology, Uptodate and Cochrane Trials from January 2000 to June 2020. Recent Findings A total of 106 articles were identified, and after screening for titles, abstracts and full articles, 12 full papers were included. This involved a total of 9299 patients who underwent primary GI surgery. Over a mean follow-up period of 5.4 years (range: 1–14.4 years), 819 (8.8%) developed KSD, varying from 1.2 to 83% across studies. The mean time to stone formation was approximately 3 years (range: 0.5–9 years). In the 4 studies that reported on the management of KSD (n = 427), 38.6% went on to have urological intervention. Summary There is a high incidence of KSD following primary GI surgery, and after a mean follow-up of 3 years, around 9% of patients developed KSD. While the GI surgery was done for obesity, inflammatory bowel disease or cancer, the risk of KSD should be kept in mind during follow-up, and prompt urology involvement with metabolic assessment, medical and or surgical management offered as applicable.

scholarly journals Urinary metabolic profile and stone composition in kidney stone formers with and without heart disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bargagli ◽  
Shabbir Moochhala ◽  
William G. Robertson ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Gianmarco Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Kidney stone disease seems to be associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular outcomes; the aim of this study is to identify differences in 24-h urine excretory profiles and stone composition among stone formers with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Data from patients attending the Department of Renal Medicine’s metabolic stone clinic from 1995 to 2012 were reviewed. The sample was divided according to the presence or absence of CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization, or surgery for calcified heart valves). Univariable and multivariable regression models, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, plasma bicarbonate and potential renal acid load of foods were used to investigate differences across groups. Results 1826 patients had available data for 24-h urine analysis. Among these, 108 (5.9%) had a history of CVD. Those with CVD were older, have higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and lower eGFR. Univariable analysis showed that patients with CVD had significantly lower 24-h urinary excretions for citrate (2.4 vs 2.6 mmol/24 h, p = 0.04), magnesium (3.9 vs 4.2 mmol/24 h, p = 0.03) and urinary pH (6.1 vs 6.2, p = 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, differences in urinary citrate and magnesium excretions remained significant. No differences in the probability of stone formation or stone compositions were found. Conclusions Stone formers with CVD have lower renal alkali excretion, possibly suggesting higher acid retention in stone formers with cardiovascular comorbidities. Randomized clinical trials including medications and a controlled diet design are needed to confirm the results presented here. Graphic abstract

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