Multilevel Analysis of Determinants of Anemia Prevalence among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia: Classical and Bayesian Approaches

Background. Anemia is a widely spread public health problem and affects individuals at all levels. However, there is a considerable regional variation in its distribution. Objective. Thus, this study aimed to assess and model the determinants of prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Data. Cross-sectional data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. It was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency from 27 December 2010 through June 2011 and the sampling technique employed was multistage. Method. The statistical models that suit the hierarchical data such as variance components model, random intercept model, and random coefficients model were used to analyze the data. Likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to estimate both fixed effects and random effects in multilevel analysis. Result. This study revealed that the prevalence of anemia among children aged between 6 and 59 months in the country was around 42.8%. The multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the variation of predictor variables of the prevalence of anemia among children aged between 6 and 59 months. Accordingly, it has been identified that the number of children under five in the household, wealth index, age of children, mothers’ current working status, education level, given iron pills, size of child at birth, and source of drinking water have a significant effect on prevalence of anemia. It is found that variances related to the random term were statistically significant implying that there is variation in prevalence of anemia across regions. From the methodological aspect, it was found that random intercept model is better compared to the other two models in fitting the data well. Bayesian analysis gave consistent estimates with the respective multilevel models and additional solutions as posterior distribution of the parameters. Conclusion. The current study confirmed that prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia was severe public health problem, where 42.8% of them are anemic. Thus, stakeholders should pay attention to all significant factors mentioned in the analysis of this study but wealth index/improving household income and availability of pure drinking water are the most influential factors that should be improved anyway.

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Magnitude, Severity, and Associated Factors of Anemia among Under-Five Children Attending Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia, 2016

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2020/7580104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yeshimebet Gebereselassie ◽

Mesganaw BirhanSelassie ◽

Tadesse Menjetta ◽

Jemal Alemu ◽

Aster Tsegaye

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

University Teaching ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Under Five ◽

Hawassa University ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Infants, under-5-year-old children, and pregnant women have greater susceptibility to anemia. The magnitude and associated risk factors for anemia vary in different settings. The study aimed to assess the magnitude, severity, and associated factors of anemia at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Methods. In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, a total of 422 under-five children were included. Sociodemographic data and other predisposing factors were collected by structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin determination using a Cell-Dyn 1800 automated analyzer. Stool samples were collected and processed using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration method to detect intestinal parasites. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical packages. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were computed to assess factors associated with anemia. p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 41.7%. The mean hemoglobin level was 10.59 g/dl. Anemia was of mild, moderate, and severe type in 6.6%, 19%, and 16.1% of the children, respectively. Children in the age group 6–23 months (AOR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.69)), and mothers having no formal education (AOR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.99, 3.02)) were identified as associated factors for anemia. Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia among the study subjects was 41.7% indicative of the fact that anemia is an important public health problem. It was associated with the child’s age, residence, mother’s education level, and intestinal parasite (Ascaris lumbricoides). It clearly indicates that there should be well integrated public health interventions to improve the health status that needs to be prioritized to prevent anemia among children under five years of age.

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Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Stunting Status among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-120886/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Munira Abdulkedir

Keyword(s):

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Random Coefficients ◽

Random Component ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Background Stunting is a public health problem that can pose a serious threat to global health because it can lead to less optimal growth and development potential. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of stunting and identified the various possible factors associated with stunting status among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia by using Bayesian Multilevel Analysis. Methods The descriptive result revealed that 8640 Children’s considered in the analysis, also showed that in Ethiopian Children’s who live in Afar and Amhara regions were more than other regions in prevalence of stunting. Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression of random 3 coefficient models were employed for data analysis based on the selection of smallest value of DIC. Result From these models, place of residence, educational attainment of women, husband educational level, sex of child, age of child, Size at birth, body mass index of mothers, household wealth index and birth order are significant factors. Conclusion The Bayesian multilevel random coefficients model was better fit than empty and random intercept. The variance of the random component related to the coefficient model was implying regional variations in stunting status of children among the regions in the country.

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Determinant Factors of Anemia among Nonpregnant Women of Childbearing Age in Southwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Study

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/391580 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yaregal Asres ◽

Tilahun Yemane ◽

Lealem Gedefaw

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Health Problem ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Community Based ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anemia affects one-quarter of the world’s population; nonpregnant women were one of the groups for whom it is common, making it a global public health problem. Objective. To determine prevalence and risk factors of anemia among nonpregnant women of childbearing age in Jimma town southwest Ethiopia. Methodology. We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving 441 nonpregnant women. Data was collected over two months of period. We collected sociodemographic and related data using structured questionnaire. We collected four milliliters of venous blood and five grams of stool samples from each study participant for hematological and parasitological analysis. We performed statistical analysis using SPSS-V 16 software. Result. The prevalence of anemia was 16.1% (n=71) with mean hemoglobin 12.96 g/dL (±1.04), among which 97.2% (n=69) were mildly anemic. Age group of 25–36 years old, lower economic level, illiteracy, multiparity, having intestinal parasitic infection, using more than two sanitary pads per day during menstruation period, and low body mass index were found to be risk factors of anemia among the group. Conclusion. Prevalence of anemia indicates mild public health importance which shows it was indeed public health problem. Identified risk factors should be considered for prevention and control of anemia among the group.

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RISK FACTORS DETERMINANTS ANEMIA EVENTS IN ADOLESCENT PUSKESMAS IN KOTA SELATAN

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.21927/jnki.2020.8(3).194-205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Endah Yulianingsih ◽

Hasnawatty Surya Porouw

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Health Problem ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem that needs special attention. Anemia in adolescent girls is a common problem, especially in developing countries (WHO, 2008). Anemia is a health problem that is most often found in countries both developed and developing, including Indonesia .. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is not so much with the global anemia prevalence rate is 21.7% where the prevalence of anemia has been entered into the category of public health problems was that it should receive special attention. Teenagers are particularly at risk age group the incidence of anemia due to nutritional needs particularly iron exceeds the needs of other age groups due to accelerated growth and increased physical activity. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls in Puskesmas Kota Selatan Kota Gorontalo. Type with a cross-sectional study using bivariate test by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression test. This research instrument using a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the age of menarche (p = 0.001), knowledge (p = 0.000), maternal education (p = 0.000), the pattern of menstruation (p = 0.000), BMI (p = 0.009), menstruation (p = 0.003). The most dominant factor to the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls in Puskesmas South City Gorontalo is a factor of knowledge with p value 0.001 exp B = 2.650 (CI 1.643 to 4770), which means that respondents who have a good knowledge will likely 2,

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Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.24707.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1102

Author(s):

Innocent B. Mboya ◽

Redempta Mamseri ◽

Beatrice J. Leyaro ◽

Johnston George ◽

Sia E. Msuya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Kilimanjaro Region ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is a severe public health problem affecting more than half of children under five years of age in low-, middle- and high-income countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in northern Tanzania. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania in April 2016. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 602 consenting mothers and their children aged 6-59 months and interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata version 15.1. We used generalized linear models (binomial family and logit link function) with robust variance estimator to determine factors associated with anemia. Results: Prevalence of anemia was 37.9%, and it was significantly higher among children aged 6-23 months (48.3%) compared to those aged 24-59 months (28.5%). There were no significant differences in anemia prevalence by sex of the child. Adjusted for other factors, children aged 6-23 months had over two times higher odds of being anemic (OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.71, 3.49, p<0.001) compared to those aged 24-59 months. No significant association was found between maternal and nutritional characteristics with anemia among children in this study. Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia was lower than the national and regional prevalence but it still constitutes a significant public health problem, especially among children aged 6-23 months. Interventions such as iron supplementation, food fortification and dietary diversification and management of childhood illnesses in this setting should be targeted towards mothers and children less than two years.

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Prevalence of Anemia in Children Aged Six Months to Thirty Six Months - A Hospital Based Study

Bangladesh Journal of Child Health ◽

10.3329/bjch.v40i2.31565 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 98-102

Author(s):

Humaira Rafiqa Quaderi ◽

Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽

Nawshad Uddin Ahmed ◽

Dilruba Begum ◽

Bithi Debnath

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Macrocytic Anemia ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hypochromic Anemia ◽

Microcytic Anemia ◽

Normocytic Anemia ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is a common problem in childhood, especially children aged 6months to 24 months old. In Bangladesh overall, 68 % of children aged 6-59 months are anemic. Anemia impairs normal development, decreases physical exercise tolerance & intellectual performance in children which may lead to a slowdown of growth in children. It constitutes a major public health problem in young children in the developing world with wide social & economic implications.Objective: To see the prevalence of anemia among hospitalized children aged 6 months to 36 months.Methodology: Children 6 months 36 months aged who were admitted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) hospital due to some acute illness, were enrolled from 1st June, 2010 to 30th August, 2010. Children were classified as anemic when Hb level was <11gm/dl. On the values of MCV and morphology of RBC anemic babies were further classified as microcytic anemia, normocytic anaemia and macrocytic anaemia. Again in children with microcytic hypochromic RBC, serum ferritin, Hb electrophoresis, stool R/E and c-reactive protein were done to find out the cause.Results: Among 331 admitted children, 201(61%) children had anemia (Hb <11gm/ dl), Male was 123(61.2%) and female was 78(38.8%). Mean hemoglobin concentration was 9.2±1.2 gm/dl. Mild, moderate, severe anemia were19%, 39.3% and 2.4% respectively. The most affected age group was 6-23 months(76%). Microcytic anemia, macrocytic anemia, and normocytic anemia were present in 101(50.2%), 10(5%) and 90(44.8%) cases respectively. Among the microcytic hypochromic anemia, IDA was found in 60(59.4%), which was 29.85% among total anemic children.Conclusion: A large proportion of hospitalized children under 3 years were found anemic. Raising awareness of the problem and providing health care education in this group will be the key strategies to prevent and control this huge public health problem in Bangladesh.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (2) :98-102

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Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among students from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242007000300002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thiago Saads Carvalho ◽

Helen Moura Kehrle ◽

Fábio Correia Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Health Problem ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Point Of View ◽

Age Group ◽

Final Sample ◽

Permanent Residents ◽

Oral Hygiene Habits

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among 12-15-year-old students from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil before starting a program of artificial fluoridation of drinking water. The use of fluoridated dentifrice was also surveyed. A sample of 1,402 students was randomly selected. However, 31 students refused to participate and 257 were not permanent residents in João Pessoa, thus leaving a final sample of 1,114 students. Clinical exams were carried out by two calibrated dentists (Kappa = 0.78) under natural indirect light. Upper and lower front teeth were cleaned with gauze and dried, and then examined using the TF index for fluorosis. A questionnaire on dentifrice ingestion and oral hygiene habits was applied to the students. The results revealed that fluorosis prevalence in this age group was higher than expected (29.2%). Most fluorosis cases were TF = 1 (66.8%), and the most severe cases were TF = 4 (2.2%). The majority of the students reported that they had been using fluoridated dentifrices since childhood; 95% of the participants preferred brands with a 1,500 ppm F concentration, and 40% remembered that they usually ingested or still ingest dentifrice during brushing. It was concluded that dental fluorosis prevalence among students in João Pessoa is higher than expected for an area with non-fluoridated water. However, although most students use fluoridated dentifrices, and almost half ingest slurry while brushing, the majority of cases had little aesthetic relevance from the professionals' point of view, thus suggesting that fluorosis is not a public health problem in the locality.

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Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at St. Francis Referral Hospital Ifakara, Tanzania

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.1.0097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 041-048

Author(s):

Sylivester W. Mkama

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with significant impact on the health of mothers and fetus. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at St. Francis Referral Hospital (SFRH), Ifakara, Tanzania. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to March 2021. A total of 116 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Interviews were conducted followed by determination of haemoglobin level. Results: The results revealed the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at SFRH to be 52.6%. In this study mild anemia was 34.5%, moderate anemia13.8% and severe anemia 4.3%. Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy is a public health problem in study setting of St. Francis Referral Hospital, Ifakara, Tanzania.

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Anemia and its association with Helicobacter pylori infection among adult dyspeptic patients attending Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammad memorial Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17878/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kassahun Tassow Haile ◽

Deneke Wolde ◽

Girum Tesfaye ◽

Tilahun Yemane ◽

Abebe Timerga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Rural Residence ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

H Pylori ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: Anemia is a worldwide public health problem and also associated with H. pylori infection. Determining the association of anemia with H. pylori infection is important to develop evidence-based decision and intervention strategies. Association between anemia and H. pylori infection is not well known in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between anemia and H. pylori infection among adult dyspeptic patients attending Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammad Memorial Referral Hospital in southwest Ethiopia.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2019 involving 362 consecutive adult dyspeptic patients who came to the hospital during the study period. Socio-demographic, clinical and other related data were collected by structured questionnaires. Four milliliters of the venous blood sample was collected for hematological parameters analysis and blood film preparation. A stool sample was collected to detect H. pylori antigen and intestinal parasites. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Logistic regression analyses were performed and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia among dyspeptic patients was 24.3% (95%CI: 19.9- 28.7). Among H.pylori infected participants 29.2% were anemic, of which 69.2% had mild anemia and 63.5% had normocytic normochromic anemia. Rural residence (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.1-3.3), H. pylori infection (AOR: 1.77, 95%CI: 1.05-2.98) and intestinal parasitic infection (AOR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.14-4.03) were significantly associated with anemia.Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in this study indicated that it is a moderate public health problem. Rural residence, H. pylori and intestinal parasitic infection were significantly associated with anemia. The findings of this study should be taken into account for the prevention and control of anemia among dyspeptic adults.

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DEFLUORIDATION TECHNIQUES- A CRITICAL REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.13942 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nausheen Mobeen ◽

Pradeep Kumar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Health Problem ◽

Critical Review ◽

Social Economic ◽

Dental Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Vital Role ◽

India And China

Fluoride in drinking water plays a vital role in dental health. Due to excessive fluoride in water, enamel loses its luster. At lower concentration, it guards our teeth against cavities but at higher concentrations imparts fluorosis in varying concentrations. Excess fluoride in drinking water is reported from more than 35 countries around the globe with India and China. In countries like India, the severe contamination of drinking water with excess fluoride acquired the dimensions of a social economic rather than a public health problem triggering defluoridation research.

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