Individual Travel Behavior Modeling of Public Transport Passenger Based on Graph Construction

This paper presents a novel method for mining the individual travel behavior regularity of different public transport passengers through constructing travel behavior graph based model. The individual travel behavior graph is developed to represent spatial positions, time distributions, and travel routes and further forecasts the public transport passenger’s behavior choice. The proposed travel behavior graph is composed of macronodes, arcs, and transfer probability. Each macronode corresponds to a travel association map and represents a travel behavior. A travel association map also contains its own nodes. The nodes of a travel association map are created when the processed travel chain data shows significant change. Thus, each node of three layers represents a significant change of spatial travel positions, travel time, and routes, respectively. Since a travel association map represents a travel behavior, the graph can be considered a sequence of travel behaviors. Through integrating travel association map and calculating the probabilities of the arcs, it is possible to construct a unique travel behavior graph for each passenger. The data used in this study are multimode data matched by certain rules based on the data of public transport smart card transactions and network features. The case study results show that graph based method to model the individual travel behavior of public transport passengers is effective and feasible. Travel behavior graphs support customized public transport travel characteristics analysis and demand prediction.

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Exploring the Traveler’s Intentions to Use Public Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic While Complying with Precautionary Measures

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3630

Author(s):

Muhammad Abdullah ◽

Nazam Ali ◽

Charitha Dias ◽

Tiziana Campisi ◽

Muhammad Ashraf Javid

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Close Contact ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Developing Regions ◽

Infected People ◽

The Public ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Study Results ◽

Precautionary Measures ◽

Safety Guidelines

Public transport use has drastically declined during the COVID-19 pandemic because the virus spreads through close contact with infected people and contaminated surfaces, especially in closed-environments. Evidence suggests that following the necessary safety guidelines can limit the spread of the virus, however, non-compliance to precautionary measures has been reported widely. Ignoring the precautionary measures may lead to quick transmission of the virus since public transport vehicles generally resemble closed-environments. This study explores people’s intentions to use public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic while adhering to precautionary measures. For this purpose, a total of 1516 useable responses were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Regression models were developed to model the intentions to use public transport during the pandemic, to adhere to the precautionary measures while using public transport during the pandemic, and to use public transport while suffering from COVID-19 disease. The results of this study will help in understanding the intentions of the public transport users during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will also provide insights for policymakers and public transport operators about further necessary actions to promote safe public transport use during the current and any possible future pandemics. As public transport use declined during the pandemic, policy implications for alternative mobility options such as demand-responsive-transport (DRT) are also presented. Considering the study results, a policy interventions framework is proposed to promote the safe use of various public transport modes, particularly in developing regions.

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Heuristic Optimization Approach to Selecting a Transport Connection in City Public Transport

Open Engineering ◽

10.1515/eng-2017-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jozef Kul’ka ◽

Martin Mantič ◽

Melichar Kopas ◽

Eva Faltinová ◽

Daniel Kachman

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Heuristic Optimization ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

The Individual ◽

Solution Focused ◽

Bus Transport

AbstractThe article presents a heuristic optimization approach to select a suitable transport connection in the framework of a city public transport. This methodology was applied on a part of the public transport in Košice, because it is the second largest city in the Slovak Republic and its network of the public transport creates a complex transport system, which consists of three different transport modes, namely from the bus transport, tram transport and trolley-bus transport. This solution focused on examining the individual transport services and their interconnection in relevant interchange points.

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The Influence of Introducing Autonomous Vehicles on Conventional Transport Modes and Travel Time

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4163

Author(s):

Jamil Hamadneh ◽

Domokos Esztergár-Kiss

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Public Transport ◽

Travel Behavior ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Fleet Size ◽

The Public ◽

Levels Of Automation ◽

Multi Agent ◽

Transport Modes ◽

The Impact

Introducing autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the market is likely to bring changes in the mobility of travelers. In this work, extensive research is conducted to study the impact of different levels of automation on the mobility of people, and full driving automation needs further study because it is still under development. The impacts of AVs on travel behavior can be studied by integrating AVs into activity-based models. The contribution of this study is the estimation of AVs’ impacts on travelers’ mobility when different travel demands are provided, and also the estimation of AVs’ impact on the modal share considering the different willingness of pay to travel by AVs. This study analyses the potential impacts of AVs on travel behavior by investigating a sample of 8500 travelers who recorded their daily activity plans in Budapest, Hungary. Three scenarios are derived to study travel behavior and to find the impacts of the AVs on the conventional transport modes. The scenarios include (1) a simulation of the existing condition, (2) a simulation of AVs as a full replacement for conventional transport modes, and (3) a simulation of the AVs with conventional transport modes concerning different marginal utilities of travel time in AVs. The simulations are done by using the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) open-source software, which applies a co-evolutionary optimization algorithm. Using the scenarios in the study, we develop a base model, determine the required fleet size of AVs needed to fulfill the demand of the different groups of travelers, and predict the new modal shares of the transport modes when AVs appear on the market. The results demonstrate that the travelers are exposed to a reduction in travel time once conventional transport modes are replaced by AVs. The impact of the value of travel time (VOT) on the usage of AVs and the modal share is demonstrated. The decrease in the VOT of AVs increases the usage of AVs, and it particularly decreases the usage of cars even more than other transport modes. AVs strongly affect the public transport when the VOT of AVs gets close to the VOT of public transport. Finally, the result shows that 1 AV can replace 7.85 conventional vehicles with acceptable waiting time.

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Value of Travel Time for Public Transport Passenger in Urban and Intercity Trip

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.408 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 845 ◽

pp. 408-415

Author(s):

Amirotul M.H. Mahmudah ◽

Djoko Sarwono ◽

R.I. Pramesty ◽

P.S. Rahina

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Low Income ◽

Public Transport ◽

Stated Preference ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

The Public ◽

Trip Purpose ◽

Time Value ◽

Study Results

Travel time value of public transport passengers is one of important variables in decision making about transport policy. Giving subsidy for public transport and allocate it to the right passenger will result in more benefits for the passenger of public transport. And as an effect it will increase the number of passengers then increase the public transport usage. As a result, it will reduce the number of private car usage which will reduce the air pollution and oil consumption and finally support sustainability transport. In this study, Travel time value based on questionnaire data, which is designed with stated preference with route choice approach. The multiple linear regression model is used to analyzed factors that influence public transport values of travel time, and traveler's income and trip purpose are introduced as categories. The study results indicate, in general, travel time value of regional trips is higher than urban travel. In Urban trip, travel time values for school is higher than values for work and other travels, while, for intercity travel, time value for work are higher than school and other travels. It can be comprehended since in this study the passenger of the urban trip who the travel purpose is work has low income. In common, when the personal income increase the travel time value also increase. But within this study, the public transport passengers who have no income consist of students, and their school regulations give hard punishment when their students come late. Based on that, the passenger with no income their travel time value is higher than the passengers have the lowest income.

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The Influence of Socio-Economics on Travel Behavior of Public Transportation in Malaysia

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal ◽

10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2833 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (17) ◽

pp. 269-275

Author(s):

Rohana Ngah ◽

Jamalunlaili Abdullah ◽

Muhammad Khalique ◽

Sanjar Bakhodirovich Goyipnazarov

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Travel Behavior ◽

Publishing House ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Public ◽

Strategic Plans ◽

International Publishing ◽

Open Access Article ◽

Public Transport Service

This paper explores the influence of socioeconomics on travel behavior among public transport commuters to increase modal share. A face-to-face survey was carried out, and 904 usable questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. The findings showed that level of education strongly influences travel behavior while there is not much difference in gender, age, income, and occupation. However, the categories in the groups provide good information relating to travel behavior. Suggestions and recommendations are provided to help the public transport service provider setting more strategic plans to encourage more individual riders to switch to public transport and sustain existing users. Keywords: Socio-economics, travel behavior, public transport eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2833

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Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Berdasarkan Theory Planned Of Behaviour (TPB)

Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation ◽

10.30871/jaat.v5i2.2141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 201-209

Author(s):

Hurian Kamela

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Common Interest ◽

Primary Data ◽

Behavior Control ◽

The Public ◽

Study Results ◽

The Common ◽

Tax Payments ◽

The Individual

There must be an awareness of the public regarding compliance in paying taxes. Tax is a state asset that is collected by the state for the common interest. The role of society in paying taxes must be accompanied by internal (within) the individual itself because there are still limited people who know that taxes are crucial. This study aims to link the effect of individual taxpayer compliance based on the "Theory of Planned Behavior" because this theory is a theory that can measure the internal thinking of taxpayers. This study uses primary data collected through a questionnaire using linear regression analysis. The sample used is a sample (people) of 100 taxpayers using measurements random sampling (people who are in the tax office) 1 month (November 2015). The study results found that the variable attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms and perceptual behavior control were positive influences. That explains a need for awareness of taxpayer compliance to run appropriately, and income from tax payments can increase.

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Influence of Socio-Cultural Attributes on Stigmatizing Public Transport in Saudi Arabia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132112075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 12075

Author(s):

Kh Md Nahiduzzaman ◽

Tiziana Campisi ◽

Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani ◽

Khaled Assi ◽

Kasun Hewage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Fuzzy Inference ◽

Fuzzy Model ◽

Privacy Concern ◽

Inference System ◽

The Public ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

Study Results ◽

Bus Service

Several factors over the years have contributed to stigma in public transport. Many studies have highlighted the need to make the transport system more equitable both from economic and gender perspectives. This study attempts to demonstrate how the perceptions of public transport users and non-users are stigmatized from social and cultural standpoints. Thus, it identifies the social and cultural stigma-induced barriers embedded with the use and people’s general perception about the public bus service, taking SAPTCO (Saudi Public Transport Company) as a case study. The study results suggest that privacy concern is the primary cause of stigma. Most of the users are unwilling to ride with their families as SAPTCO does not account for gender needs (e.g., privacy, travel convenience, safety, comfort, etc.). Moreover, people from the high-income classes are more stigmatized against this ridership. A fuzzy inference system (FIS) model is used to analyze the survey questionnaire responses and understand what stigma means for the public bus service. Expert opinions are employed to generate “if–then” rules of the FIS models. Sensitivity of the defined fuzzy model is conducted to different aspects of the ridership. The study results further suggest that “inconvenience” poses the highest impact while “feeling safe”, “privacy”, “fare”, “timing”, and “comfort” are found to be the medium impact-making variables for stigma. The stigma-defining variables would be critical for the public bus service to improve its service quality and help (re-)design the policies that would attract a high amount of ridership. Some solutions are suggested in the end that would complement, strengthen, and promote the current SAPTCO service. The demonstrated methodology of this study would be relevant and adaptive to any relevant context to improve public transportation service and pertaining policies.

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How to Achieve a Continuous Increase in Public Transport Ridership?—A Case Study of Braunschweig and Tampere

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12198063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 8063 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christoph Schütze ◽

Nina Schmidt ◽

Heikki Liimatainen ◽

Thomas Siefer

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Level Of Service ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

The Public ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Current State ◽

Service Pricing ◽

Speed Level ◽

The Individual

This manuscript is based on cooperation between the universities in Tampere, Finland, and Braunschweig, Germany. One of the main goals of the two institutes involved in research for public transport is a continuous increase in ridership. Therefore, the aim of this study is to (1) investigate the level of service attributes of public transport in Tampere and Braunschweig and evaluate their current state and (2) give advice to each city to further increase the ridership. At the beginning, the individual attributes and indicators for comparing public transport in both cities are presented and combined with theses from the literature. The attributes are divided into four chapters: “Level of Service”, “Pricing”, “Information and Marketing” and “Quality of travel”. In the following, the individual indicators, such as the travel speed (Level of Service) or information at stop (Information and Marketing) of the two study areas, are analysed and evaluated. Additionally, the public transport system in both investigated cities is expanded with new a tramway system (Tampere) or new tramway expansions (Braunschweig), which gives a lot of opportunities for improving the attractiveness of public transport.

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