scholarly journals In VitroAntidiabetic Activity and Mechanism of Action ofBrachylaena elliptica(Thunb.) DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu Jonas Sagbo ◽  
Maryna van de Venter ◽  
Trevor Koekemoer ◽  
Graeme Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Dpp Iv ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

In South Africa, the number of people suffering from diabetes is believed to be rising steadily and the current antidiabetic therapies are frequently reported to have adverse side effects. Ethnomedicinal plant use has shown promise for the development of cheaper, cost-effective antidiabetic agents with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity and mechanism of action of aqueous leaf extract prepared fromBrachylaena elliptica. The potential of the extract for cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay in HepG2 cells. The effects of the plant extract on glucose utilization in HepG2 cells and L6 myotubes, triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1, INS-1 proliferation, glucose metabolism in INS-1 cells, and NO production in RAW macrophages were also investigated using cell culture procedures. The inhibitory effects of the extract on the activities of different enzymes including alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), collagenase, and CYP3A4 enzymes were evaluated. The extract also tested against protein glycation using standard published procedure. The plant extract displayed low level of toxicity, where both concentrations tested did not induce 50% cell death. The extract caused a significant increase in glucose uptake in HepG2 liver cells, with efficacy significantly higher than the positive control, berberine. The crude extract also displayed no significant effect on muscle glucose uptake, triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1, glucose metabolism in INS-1 cells, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, DPP-IV, lipase, protein glycation, and collagenase compared to the respective positive controls. The extract displayed a proliferative effect on INS-1 cells at 25μg/ml when compared to the negative control. The plant also produced a concentration-dependent reduction in NO production in RAW macrophages and also demonstrated weak significant inhibition on CYP3A4 activity. The findings provide evidence thatB. ellipticapossess antidiabetic activity and appear to exact its hypoglycemic effect independent of insulin.

scholarly journals Increased glucose metabolism and alpha-glucosidase inhibition in Cordyceps militaris water extract-treated HepG2 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Jung Kim ◽  
Yun Hwan Kang ◽  
Kyoung Kon Kim ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
Jae Bong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Unripe and Ripe Fruit Extracts of Siraitia grosvenorii and the Possible Mechanism of Action

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Xiangli Xu ◽  
Fenglai Lu ◽  
Ziming Yang ◽  
Xiaojie Yan ◽  
Theophine Akunne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Aims: The ripe fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey (Cucurbitaceae) is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treatment of diabetes. The ripe fruit is very edible, nutritious and of high sweet taste, while the unripe fruit which is usually very bitter and not edible, has not been widely studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the unripe fruit of S. grosvenorii and to compare it with that of the ripe fruit as well as to determine their possible mechanism of action. Methodology: The method of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic animal model in mice was employed and mice with blood glucose greater than 9.0 mmol/l were selected for treatment with unripe fruit extract (UFE) and ripe fruit extract (RFE) for 24 days. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes inhibitory assays for determination of possible mechanism of action, were performed. Results: The RFE exhibited better efficacy in antidiabetic activity than the UFE, though the later displayed better potency in activity. The RFE, UFE (300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide exhibited significant (P<0.05) percentage blood glucose reduction (PBGR) of 67.04, 60.69 and 62.88%, respectively, in diabetic mice. Alpha glucosidase assay showed median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 7.60 and 6.62 mg/ml for RFE and UFE, respectively, while the alpha amylase inhibitory assay exhibited percentage inhibition of 84.78 and 95.10% for RFE and UFE (25 mg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: The ripe and unripe extracts of S. grosvenorii exhibited antidiabetic activities, and RFE proved a better efficacious activity than UFE, which showed more potent activity. In addition, the antidiabetic activity is likely being mediated through alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes inhibition.

scholarly journals IN VIVO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THREE CAMEROONIAN MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-430
Author(s):  
Larissa Chimi Yetendje ◽  
Guy Sedar Singor Njateng ◽  
Armel-Joseph Agokeng Dongmo ◽  
Raymond Simplice Mouokeu ◽  
Cesaire Feudjio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

The aim of the present work is to study and compare antidiabetic activity of extracts from Catharentus roseus, Persea americana, and Eucalyptus globulus as well as their mechanism of action. The aqueous and methanolic plant extracts were respectively prepared by decoction and maceration. The phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. The extracts were subsequently tested in vivo on Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) with temporary hyperglycemia. The methanolic extract of P. americana leaves showing the best activity was selected for the antidiabetic test at doses 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/kg. For that purpose, permanent diabetes mellitus was induced in rats fasted overnight by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated from the cardiac puncture’s blood. The antidiabetic mechanism of action of the 6 extracts was performed by evaluating their inhibitory activity on alpha glucosidase, beta glucosidase and glucoamylase. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous and methanolic extracts revealed that all extracts contain phenols, anthraquinones and tannins. On the other hand, no extract contains sterols. All extracts showed hypoglycemic activities. The antidiabetic tests showed that the methanolic extract of P. americana caused a decrease in blood sugar level in all the treated rats with the dose of 150 mg / kg of body weight being the most effective, without any adverse side effect in the animals. All the tested extracts showed an inhibitory activity against alpha glucosidase and glucoamylase enzymes and have no inhibitory activity on beta glucosidase. The results of the present study demonstrate the antidiabetic properties of the tested plants through inhibitory effect on alpha glucosidase and glucoamylase enzymes with P. americana being the most active.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Potential of Selected Medicinal Plants: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Altalhi ◽  
Mashhour Alsufyani ◽  
Khalid Alqurashi ◽  
Hussain Alshalwi ◽  
Abdullah Althobaiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Aims: To investigated for any scientific evidence indicating traditional use of different plant species in the management of diabetes. Study Design: Review Article. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Saudi Arabia from December 2020 to August 2021. Methodology: The literature was thoroughly investigated for any scientific evidence indicating traditional use of different plant species in the management of diabetes. The search was done in databases of Google Scholar, Saudi Digital Library and PubMed. Accordingly, the used plant species are classified into six groups. These are: Plants with antidiabetic activity, Plants with hypoglycemic activity, plants with alpha-glucosidase activity, Plants with alpha-amylase activity, Plants with glucose tolerance test, Plants with hypolipemic, anti-cholesterol, LDL and HDL activity. Conclusion: We have done in vitro and in vivo evaluation of M. arvensis L. for antidiabetic activity.  The leaves extracts of M. arvensis L. showed significant antioxidant potential and significantly inhibited protein glycation, which correlated well with its phenolics along with other phytoconstituents. the methanolic extract of M. arvensis L.

Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghansham S. More ◽  
Asha B. Thomas ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Rabindra K. Nanda ◽  
Rahul L. Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background & Objective: :Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents.Methods::An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated.Results::This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market.Conclusion: :Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.

scholarly journals Side-effects of resveratrol in HepG2 cells: Reduced pten and increased bcl-xl mRNA expression

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN ZHENG ◽  
RUIFU CHEN ◽  
HONGYUAN ZHONG ◽  
QIUYAN LIN ◽  
XIAOQIN WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hepg2 Cells

Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, More Effective and Safer Pharmacological Treatment for the Management of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Negi ◽  
Meenakshi Gupta ◽  
Ramanpreet Walia ◽  
Moayad Khataibeh ◽  
Maryam Sarwat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
New Compounds

: Obesity is a major lifestyle disorder and it is correlated with several ailments. The prevalence of obesity has elevated over the years and it has become a global health problem. The drugs presently used for managing obesity have several side-effects associated with them such as diarrhoea, leakage of oily stools, etc. On the contrary, herbal plants and natural products are considered safe for use because they have lesser side effects. New compounds isolated from medicinal plants are screened and identified to determine their effectiveness and potential in preventing abnormal weight gain. In this review, the medicinal plants and natural materials were surveyed across the literature to cover those that have potential for managing and controlling weight gain, and their mechanism of action, active component, and experimental methodologies are also included. These herbal products can be developed as formulations for therapeutic use in obesity. The herbal plants mentioned in the review are classified based on their mechanism of action: inhibition of pancreatic lipase and appetite suppression activities. The ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme has been used to determine the effectiveness of herbal products for the prevention of abnormal weight gain because of its action on dietary fat and suppression of appetite. This review is an attempt to summarize the herbal plants and natural products that can be used to develop formulations effective in controlling weight gain and obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Inflammatory Response to Wound and Trauma: Possible Mechanism of Action

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 425-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noori S. Al-Waili ◽  
Glenn J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

There is growing interest in expanding the clinical applications for HBO2(hyperbaric oxygen therapy) into new medical and surgical fields. The pathophysiology of response towards wounds, infection, trauma, or surgery involves various chemical mediators that include cytokines, prostaglandins (PGs), and nitric oxide (NO). The beneficial role played by HBO2in wound healing, carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness, and other indications is well documented. However, the exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood. This review addresses the effects of HBO2on PGs, NO, and cytokines involved in wound pathophysiology and inflammation in particular. The results of this review indicate that HBO2has important effects on the biology of cytokines and other mediators of inflammation. HBO2causes cytokine down-regulation and growth factor up-regulation. HBO2transiently suppresses stimulus-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and affects the liberation of TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and endothelins. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) levels are significantly increased with HBO2, whereas the value of PGE2 and COX-2 mRNA are markedly reduced. The effect of HBO2on NO production is not well established and more studies are required. In conclusion, cytokines, PGs, and NO may play a major role in the mechanism of action of HBO2 and further research could pave the way for new clinical applications for HBO2to be established. It could be proposed that chronic wounds persist due to an uncontrolled pathological inflammatory response in the wound bed and that HBO2enhances wound healing by damping pathological inflammation (anti-inflammatory effects); this hypothetical proposal remains to be substantiated with experimental results.

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