scholarly journals Markers of Local Inflammation and Bone Resorption in the Acute Diabetic Charcot Foot

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Bo Jansen ◽  
Tomas Møller Christensen ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
Lene Rørdam ◽  
Niklas Rye Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Charcot Foot ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vena Saphena Magna ◽  
Shunting Effect ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Charcot Feet

Objective. Due to the localized nature of Charcot foot, systemically altered levels of inflammation markers can be difficult to measure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to detect an arteriovenous (A-V) flux in any locally produced inflammatory biomarkers from an acute Charcot foot by comparing local and systemic measurements. Methods. We included patients with acute diabetic Charcot foot. Blood was sampled from the vena saphena magna on the distal part of the crus bilaterally as well as from the arteria radialis. To minimize the A-V shunting effect, the feet were externally cooled with ice water prior to resampling. Results. Both before and after cooling, the A-V flux of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the Charcot feet and the arterial level was significantly higher than the flux between the healthy feet and the arterial level (Δvaluebefore: 7.25 versus 0.41 pg/mL, resp., p=0.008; Δvalueafter: 10.04 versus 1.68 pg/mL, resp., p=0.032). There were no differences in the fluxes for other markers of inflammation. Conclusion. We have found an increased A-V flux of IL-6 in the acute diabetic Charcot foot compared to the healthy foot in the same patients.

scholarly journals Potential Biological Markers of Atrial Fibrillation: A Chance to Prevent Cryptogenic Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Szegedi ◽  
László Szapáry ◽  
Péter Csécsei ◽  
Zoltán Csanádi ◽  
László Csiba
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Good Patient ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Good Patient Compliance ◽  
And Function

Stroke affects millions of people all over the world, causing death and disability. The most frequent type of this disease is ischemic stroke, which can be caused by different factors. In approximately 25 percent of cases, no obvious cause can be found. Recent observations have shown that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be responsible for a significant number of cryptogenic stroke events. Short- or long-lasting ECG monitoring could help with the diagnosis of transient arrhythmias. Unfortunately, these techniques either are expensive or require good patient compliance. An alternative option is the identification of biological markers that are specific for atrial fibrillation and can be used to predict arrhythmia. In this review, we give a summary of the recent advances in the research of arrhythmia markers. Based on their structure and function, we differentiated four groups of biomarkers: markers of inflammation, markers of fibrosis, markers with hormonal activity, and other markers. In spite of intensive researches, the optimal biological marker is still not available, but there are some promising markers, like NT-proBNP/BNP.

scholarly journals Cellular and morphological changes with EAA supplementation before and after total knee arthroplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Muyskens ◽  
Douglas M. Foote ◽  
Nathan J. Bigot ◽  
Lisa A. Strycker ◽  
Keith Smolkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee

The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying cellular basis of muscle atrophy (Placebo) and atrophy reduction (essential amino acid supplementation, EAAs) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients by examining satellite cells and other key histological markers of inflammation, recovery, and fibrosis. Forty-one subjects (53–76 yr) scheduled for TKA were randomized into two groups, ingesting 20 g of EAAs or placebo, twice-daily, for 7 days before TKA and for 6 wk after surgery. A first set of muscle biopsies was obtained from both legs before surgery in the operating room, and patients were randomly assigned and equally allocated to have two additional biopsies at either 1 or 2 wk after surgery. Biopsies were processed for gene expression and immunohistochemistry. Satellite cells were significantly higher in patients ingesting 20 g of essential amino acids twice daily for the 7 days leading up to surgery compared with Placebo (operative leg P = 0.03 for satellite cells/fiber and P = 0.05 for satellite cell proportions for Type I-associated cells and P = 0.05 for satellite cells/fiber for Type II-associated cells.) Myogenic regulatory factor gene expression was different between groups, with the Placebo Group having elevated MyoD expression at 1 wk and EAAs having elevated myogenin expression at 1 wk. M1 macrophages were more prevalent in Placebo than the EAAs Group. IL-6 and TNF-α transcripts were elevated postsurgery in both groups; however, TNF-α declined by 2 wk in the EAAs Group. EAAs starting 7 days before surgery increased satellite cells on the day of surgery and promoted a more favorable inflammatory environment postsurgery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Clinical studies by our group indicate that the majority of muscle atrophy after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in older adults occurs rapidly, within the first 2 wks. We have also shown that essential amino acid supplementation (EAAs) before and after TKA mitigates muscle atrophy; however, the mechanisms are unknown. These results suggest that satellite cell numbers are elevated with EAA ingestion before surgery, and after surgery, EAA ingestion positively influences markers of inflammation. Combined, these data may help inform further studies designed to address the accelerated sarcopenia that occurs in older adults after major surgery.

scholarly journals M62. PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION MARKERS IDENTIFY SUBSET OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND RELATED PSYCHOSES WHO HAVE INTELLECTUAL DECLINE FROM PREMORBID LEVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S158-S159
Author(s):  
Thomas Weickert ◽  
Seetha Ramanathan ◽  
Rhoshel Lenroot ◽  
Dennis Liu ◽  
Ryan Balzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Peripheral Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Chronically Ill Patients

Abstract Background Higher inflammation has been identified in a substantial subset of both high-risk and chronically ill patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses and this may account for some of the heterogeneity of the schizophrenia. There is also much heterogeneity in cognitive deficits related to schizophrenia with some patients showing a marked decline from premorbid intellectual levels while others show little change from either normal or low intellect. However, the relationship between intellectual change with the illness onset and inflammation in schizophrenia has not been established. Methods Here, we report the assessment of two common markers of inflammation from two independent samples of generally chronically ill patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses (one sample of 73 patients versus 70 healthy controls from Sydney, NSW, Australia and one sample of 297 patients from Syracuse, NY, USA). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from all patients and blood markers of inflammation (C-Reactive Protein, CRP, and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, NLR) were assayed using standard procedures. Assessment of premorbid and current intellectual abilities were obtained from the Sydney cohort of patients. Results Grouping the patients and controls from the Sydney sample into those with elevated (> 3 mg/L) versus normal (< 3 mg/L) CRP levels revealed 42% of the patients versus 20% of the healthy controls had elevated CRP (Chi Square = 9.16, p = .002) and further evidence of inflammation with an elevated mean NLR of 2.5. The frequency of peripheral inflammation was confirmed by the independent sample from Syracuse in which 39% of the patients (n= 115) had an elevated NLR above a cutoff score for normal of 2.2 which was consistent with the Sydney sample. Patients from the Sydney sample who had an elevated CRP also had a significant mean 15-point IQ decline from premorbid IQ levels, whereas the patients with CRP levels within normal limits did not show a statistically significant drop in IQ from premorbid levels (mean IQ decline 7.6 points). Healthy controls with normal CRP had no IQ change (0.0 points) and healthy controls with elevated CRP has a slight, non-significant IQ decline (mean 2.3 points). Discussion Thus, our study showed supportive evidence of elevated peripheral inflammation markers in subgroups of chronically ill patients with schizophrenia from two independent samples and a link between marked intellectual decline from premorbid levels and current peripheral inflammation in one chronically ill subgroup of patients with schizophrenia suggesting a role for inflammation in the cognitive impairment of a substantial proportion (40%) of patients with schizophrenia.

Soy and the exercise-induced inflammatory response in postmenopausal women

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Beavers ◽  
Monica C. Serra ◽  
Daniel P. Beavers ◽  
Matthew B. Cooke ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After

Aging is associated with increasing inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, both of which can have negative health effects. Successful attenuation of such processes with dietary countermeasures has major public health implications. Soy foods, as a source of high-quality protein and isoflavones, may improve such indices, although the effects in healthy postmenopausal women are not well delineated. A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 31 postmenopausal women who were assigned to consume 3 servings of soy (n = 16) or dairy (n = 15) milk per day for 4 weeks. Parameters of systemic inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and the oxidative defense system (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, cyclooxygenase-2) were measured post supplementation, before and after an eccentric exercise bout performed to elicit an inflammatory response. A significant group-by-time effect for plasma TNF-α was observed (p = 0.02), with values in the dairy group increased post supplementation and then decreasing into the postexercise period. Additionally, significant time effects were observed for plasma SOD (p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) in the postexercise period. Overall results from our study do not support the notion that 4 weeks of daily soy milk ingestion can attenuate systemic elevations in markers of inflammation or oxidative defense. However, data do suggest that the downhill-running protocol utilized in this study can be effective in altering systemic markers of inflammation and oxidative defense enzyme activity, and that the ingestion of soy may help prevent fluctuations in plasma TNF-α.

scholarly journals Clinical Value of Concentrations of Inflammation Immunochemical Markers in Blood Serum in Children with Viral Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
O. G. Kimirilova ◽  
G. A. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

A number of the immunochemical markers of inflammation in the blood serum, such as the lactoferrin, transferrin, ferritin, and fibrinogen were identified in 450 patients with the viral meningitis of various etiologies (enterovirus, arbovirus, mumps, adenovirus, and herpesvirus) at 14 years of age. The imbalance of the inflammation markers identified was determined, the severity of which depended on the severity, course and outcome of the disease. The decrease of the lactoferrin concentration by 29% (from 719 to 516 ng/ml) and increase of the ferritin level by 30% (from 70 to 91 ng/ml) by the period of the early convalescence met the heavy severity level of the meningitis. The decrease of the lactoferrin concentration by 2% (from 785 to 770 ng/ml) and increase of the ferritin level by 45% (from 68 to 99 ng/ l) by the period of early convalescence indicated the lingering course of the disease. The concentrations of the transferrin less than 2 g/l (1.74 to 1.68 g/l) and ferritin less than 50 ng/ml (40 to 48 ng/ml) were unfavorable prognosis of for the meningitis outcome.

scholarly journals Grip strength after forearm cooling in healthy subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Reis Rabelo ◽  
Kárenn Klycia Pereira Botelho ◽  
Franassis Barbosa de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Introduction: Muscle strength has shown different responses to the cooling of neuromuscular tissue and its behavior is still unclear. Objective: To verify the behavior of maximum grip strength before and after forearm cooling. Methods: The cooling intervention consisted of immersing the forearm up to the elbow in water cooled to 10° C. Grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer prior to cooling, immediately after immersion, and at 5, 10 and 30 minutes of forearm exposure to ambient temperature (recovery phase) concomitantly to measurement of skin surface temperature. The sample consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Results: Grip strength decreased significantly (p < 0.05) between the period prior to cooling and all the time intervals following immersion in ice water. There was also a gradual increase in grip strength during the recovery phase, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between the mean immediately after immersion and means at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after exposure to ambient temperature. Conclusion: The results indicate that immersion in ice water (10ºC) for 15 minutes significantly reduced (p < 0.05) grip strength for up to 30 minutes after forearm cooling. Strength also recovered progressively after removal of the cold stimulus. Further research is needed to obtain definitive results regarding the effects of cooling on muscle strength in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Systemic and local inflammation in colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Roberts Rumba ◽  
Sandra Cipkina ◽  
Fanija Cukure ◽  
Andrejs Vanags
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. The cornerstone of CRC treatment is surgical resection. However, patients in the same TNM stage show different recurrence rates and survival. Of patients with a local disease without lymph node or a distant metastasis, 20–25% still develop recurrence. There is evidence that inflammatory reaction is one of the key elements in tumour development. Materials and methods. We reviewed literature on colorectal cancer and its relationships with the immune system, with special focus on local and systemic inflammatory reaction. The Pubmed and ClinicalKey databases were searched using the key words colorectal cancer, local inflammation, systemic inflammation, markers of inflammation. The relevant literature was reviewed and included in the article. Results. The immune system has two-sided relationships with cancer, so it not only performs anti-tumour activities, but can also promote tumour growth and spread. Research has shown that signs of local inflammation are associated with a better prognosis in CRC. Systemic inflammation has been associated with more aggressive behaviour and a worse prognosis for patients with several cancers, including CRC. Conclusions. Recent findings in tumour biology have improved our understanding of colorectal cancer and of the natural course of this disease. Several markers of local and systemic inflammatory reaction have been identified. The next step is to find the most accurate and applicable marker, so that this promising tool can be used in clinical practice and aid in decision making.

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