Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Antidepression Effects of Rumex tingitanus Extracts and Identification of a Novel Bioactive Compound

Over the last few decades, Rumex species have been recognized as a promising source of new compounds with numerous pharmacological activities. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of Rumex tingitanus (R. tingitanus) leaves extracts was evaluated in vitro and then confirmed in vivo as well as the antidepressant-like and toxicological effects of the extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction (Rt EtOAcF) followed by hydroalcoholic extract (Rt EtOH-H2O) showed a remarkable in vitro antioxidant activity. The hydroalcoholic extract (Rt EtOH-H2O) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver toxicity which is seen from inhibition of the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and enhancement of the liver antioxidant enzymes activities. The Rt EtOH-H2O and Rt EtOAcF extracts were able to reduce the immobility time in mice and then elicited a significant antidepressant-like effect. The ethyl acetate fraction (Rt EtOAcF) was purified and resulted in the identification of a new antioxidant component called 4′-p-acetylcoumaroyl luteolin. The Rt EtOAcF and the 4′-p-acetylcoumaroyl luteolin revealed a strong antioxidant activity using DPPH test with IC50 of 11.7 ± 0.2 and 20.74 ± 0.6 μg/ml, respectively, and AAI of 3.39 and 1.92 better than that of BHT, used as control.

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Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of extract and fractions of Vitex doniana fruit and identification of the bioactive metabolites using HPLC-DAD-MS analysis

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.1.0310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 160-175

Author(s):

Keziah Uchechi Ajah ◽

Ozioma Anne Asomugha ◽

Chinazom Perpetua Ifedigbo ◽

Kosoluchukwu Chidubem Umeh ◽

Onyeka Chinwuba Obidiegwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Vitex Doniana

Isoflavones and flavonoids in general found in fruits and vegetable act as natural antioxidants. This study was aimed at screening the isoflavone-rich fractions of Vitex doniana fruit extract for antioxidant activity using in vitro and in vivo models. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were screened for in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging and FRAP (Fe3+ Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays using ascorbic acid as standard. In vivo antioxidant activity was also tested against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in mice using carbon tetrachloride (4 mL/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg) as standard. The ethyl acetate fraction and butanol Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) sub-fractions were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions inhibited DPPH radicals with an IC50 of 897 µg/mL and 2809.38 µg/mL respectively. Both fractions also showed mild FRAP result with EC50 of 1401 µg/mL and 7051 µg/mL respectively. The fractions produced significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ALP levels only while ethyl acetate fraction caused a significant reduction in the value of only malondialdehyde. Both fractions also increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD). HPLC-DAD analysis led to the detection of cinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid and two isoflavones daidzein and genistein. Further LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the isoflavones tectorigenin, 5-O-methylgenistein, and 5-O-methyltectorigenin, among other flavonoids, peonidin, 5-methylpeonidin, methylmalvidin and kaempferol-3-O-(2''galloyl)-glucopyranoside. The detected isoflavones and other flavonoids may contribute to the observed mild in vitro and good in vivo antioxidant activity of V. doniana fruit extract and fractions.

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Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract and Fractions: Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant, Enzymes (α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Tyrosinase) Inhibitory, Anticancer, and Antidiabetic Activities

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Zhenxing Wang ◽

Zongcai Tu ◽

Xing Xie ◽

Hao Cui ◽

Kin Weng Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

The Body ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Glycogen Accumulation ◽

Inhibitory Ability

This study aims to evaluate the bioactive components, in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo hypoglycemic effect of P. frutescens leaf, which is a traditional medicine-food homology plant. P. frutescens methanol crude extract and its fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions, and aqueous phase residue) were prepared by ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction and liquid–liquid extraction. Among the samples, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the high total phenolic (440.48 μg GAE/mg DE) and flavonoid content (455.22 μg RE/mg DE), the best antioxidant activity (the DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power were 1.71, 1.14, 2.40, 1.29, and 2.4 times higher than that of control Vc, respectively), the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory ability with the IC50 value of 190.03 μg/mL which was 2.2-folds higher than control acarbose, the strongest proliferative inhibitory ability against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell with the IC50 values of 37.92 and 13.43 μg/mL, which were considerable with control cisplatin, as well as certain inhibition abilities on acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase. HPLC analysis showed that the luteolin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and catechin were the dominant components of the ethyl acetate fraction. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction could significantly decrease the serum glucose level, food, and water intake of streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats, increase the body weight, modulate their serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, improve the histopathology and glycogen accumulation in liver and intestinal tissue. Taken together, P. frutescens leaf exhibits excellent hypoglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo, and could be exploited as a source of natural antidiabetic agent.

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Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Exerts Anti-Breast Cancer Effect via miR-200c-PDE7B/PD-L1-AKT/MAPK Axis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/3587095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yue Yang ◽

Ting Fang ◽

Yi-Lan Cao ◽

Ya-Xin Lv ◽

Qing-Qi Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Colony Formation ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Optimal Ratio ◽

Hedyotis Diffusa ◽

4T1 Cells

Background. Hedyotis diffusa (HD) Willd. and Scutellaria barbata (SB) D. Don in different ratios have been frequently used to treat various cancers in clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. However, the optimal ratio, active fraction, and molecular mechanisms associated with the anti-breast cancer role of this herbal couplet have not been elaborated. Methods. To screen out the optimal ratio of this herbal couplet, we compare aqueous extracts of HD, SB, or HD plus SB in different weight ratios (HS11, HS12, HS21) for their anticancer effects on murine breast cancer 4T1 cells in vitro and in vivo. EA11, the ethyl acetate fraction from HS11 (the aqueous extract of the couplet at an equal weight ratio), is further assessed for its antiproliferative effect as well as the antitumorigenic impact with the aid of immunocompetent mice. Colony formation, flow cytometry, western blot, ELISA, and qRT-PCR are used to elucidate mechanisms underlying EA11-led effects. Results. HS11 presents the most potential suppression of 4T1 cell proliferation and tumor growth among these aqueous extracts. The comparison results show that EA11 is more effective than HS11 in vitro and in vivo. EA11 inhibits colony formation and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. EA11 reduces the protein expressions of PDE7B, PD-L1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 while elevating the concentration of cellular cAMP and miR-200c expression in 4T1 cells. Additionally, EA11 exerts its anticancer effect partially via the inactivation of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Conclusions. This study implicates that EA11 prevents breast tumor development by interfering with the miR-200c-PDE7B/PD-L1-AKT/MAPK axis. EA11 may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for breast cancer.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Cedrus brevifolia Bark

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900412 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Cretu ◽

Juha-Pekka Salminen ◽

Maarit Karonen ◽

Anca Miron ◽

Christiana Charalambous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Antioxidant Effects

A raw extract and four extractive fractions were obtained from Cedrus brevifolia (Cyprus cedar) bark. They were all studied regarding the phenolic content and profile using spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro assays: DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging and reducing power assays. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents; a taxifolin-O-hexoside, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin oligomers (three dimers, two trimers) were identified in this fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to possess the highest DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging effects (EC50=13.9 ± 0.3 and 2.3 ± 0.0 μg/mL, respectively) and reducing capacity (EC50=9.1 ±0.1 μg/mL). Antioxidant effects were highly correlated with total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents (r=0.89-0.99). These results suggest that Cedrus brevifolia bark is a new source of antioxidants.

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INVESTIGATION OF PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AERIAL ROOTS OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LINN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27287 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Kamalika Mazumder ◽

Himangshu S Maji ◽

Nripendra N Bala

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Ficus Benghalensis ◽

Aerial Roots

Objective: Ficus benghalensis Linn. (Moraceae family) is commonly known as banyan tree in English, which is used traditionally in India. The literature survey showed that the aerial roots of this plant are yet to be explored. Our main interest is to evaluate its pharmacognostic and phytochemical character by the standard monograph and to explore its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo analgesic activity study with ethyl acetate extract.Methods: Pharmacognostic evaluation and phytochemical screening have been done using standard monograph. An in vitro antioxidant activity using ethyl acetate extract has been done using four different methods. In vivo analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate extract has been evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and tail flick method.Results: Aerial roots of F. benghalensis have been found the rich source of steroidal glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tri-terpenoids, and phenols. The presence of phellem, phellogen, xylem, and phloem has been found after microscopic investigation. All the pharmacognostic parameters proved its purity. Results showed the absence of heavy metals. The ethyl acetate extract has shown potent antioxidant activity at 100 μg/ml concentration and higher analgesic activity at the concentration of 400 mg/kg than 200 mg/kg.Conclusion: Pharmacognostic characteristics and phytochemical properties revealed in this study could be used for the pharmacopoeial standard. Ethyl acetate extract showed potent antioxidant and analgesic activity.

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Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott could be Attributed to The Abundance of Polyphenol Compounds

Biology Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry ◽

10.14421/biomedich.2020.91.1-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie ◽

Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe ◽

Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku ◽

Blessing Ogechukwu Umeokoli ◽

Peter Maduabuchi Eze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Anti Oxidant

Dryopteris filix mas (D filix-mas) is wildly used in ethnomedicine for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, wounds and other diseases. We investigated the anti-oxidant activities of its leaf extract, and chromatographic fractions. The ethanol leaf extract was partitioned into four fractions; n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging in vitro assays were carried out on the extract and fractions at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL. The most active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) was further purified using chromatographic techniques to isolate its major compound whose structure was elucidated using ID nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The ethyl acetate fraction produced the highest free radical scavenging activity among the other fractions. The fraction (VLC-E7) from which the bioactive compound, quercetin-3-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside, was isolated had the best FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities with EC50 and IC50 values of 88.81 ± 3.41 and 26.87 ± 0.24 respectively more than the ethyl acetate fraction. This study revealed that the polyphenol flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside could be responsible for antioxidant activity of ethno-medicinal property of D filix-mas leaf.

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Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of jackfruit peel and in vitro antiradical test

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(1).350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

Yamin ◽

Ruslin ◽

Mistriyani ◽

Sabarudin ◽

S. Ihsan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Premature Aging ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Free radical is any molecular species that have unpaired free electrons in their outer orbital shell that make radicals highly reactive, resulting in pathogenesis conditions such as cellular injury, premature aging, cancer, hepatic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. One source of natural antioxidant is jackfruit. The purpose of this research was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts and fractions of jackfruit peel and their potential as antioxidants. Jackfruit peel powder was extracted from maceration. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Meanwhile, flavonoid content was determined using the aluminium chloride complex colorimetric method. Measurements of antioxidant activity were conducted using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The ethyl acetate fraction had high phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were 49.667±1.508 g GAE/100 g of sample and 70.199±0.374 g of quercertin equivalent/100 g. The ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 4.539±0.201 µg/ mL and correlation value (R2 ) of 0.5881 for phenols and R2 of 0.7241 for flavonoids. Ethyl acetate fraction of jackfruit peel is very potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and functional food.

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Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Potential and Stigmasterol Isolation from Laggera aurita Linn (Asteraceae)

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2021/v30i930288 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-39

Author(s):

C. Yohanna ◽

A. Kwaji ◽

R. Atiko

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Crystalline Solid ◽

Significant Activity ◽

In Vitro Investigation

The study was aimed at the in-vitro investigation of the antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential and bioactive compound isolation from ethyl acetate crude fraction of Laggera aurita (L. aurita) Linn. The crude fraction was tested against five gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis) and three gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis) using macro dilution technique. The antioxidant potentials were evaluated using two different but complementary methods namely ferrous ion chelating activity (FICA) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). Phytocompound isolation was carried out on low pressure open column chromatography. The crude fraction displayed moderate to significant activity against all tested bacteria exhibiting both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The crude fraction showed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in the range of 62.50-250 µg/mL and 125-1000 µg/mL respectively. The crude fraction was bactericidal to all tested pathogens except E. coli. The fifty percent effective concentration (EC50) of EDTA standard and the ethyl acetate fraction were obtained as 10.87 μg/mL and 25.77 μg/mL respectively. Similarly the FRAP determinations for ascorbic acid and ethyl acetate fraction yielded 153.63 and 134.40 Fe2+ Equivalent per g of fraction indicating 80.06% and 70.61% FRAP units respectively. The isolated phytocompound coded LAE was obtained as a white crystalline solid with melting point of 136‐138°C and Rf of 0.56 in hexane: ethylacetate (6:4). The isolated compound was identified by spectroscopic data analysis from FT-IR, GC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR and in comparison with literature. The compound was identified as stigmasterol. The observed significant antibacterial and antioxidant properties demonstrated by L. aurita in this study validate its widespread use in traditional medicine. Therefore the study had shown that L. aurita contains bioactive principles and may serve as a source for potential antibacterial and oxidative stress therapeutic agents.

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IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PHOENIX PUSILLA ROOT EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22965 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Vijaya Bharathi S ◽

Anuradha V ◽

Rubalakshmi G

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Root Extract ◽

Soxhlet Method ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Curative Agent ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the bioactive compound presence, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Phoenix pusilla root extract.Methods: Extracts were prepared with ethanol, acetone, and hexane by Soxhlet method. Then, the extracts were checked for phytochemicals presence or absence. In vitro antioxidant activity was analyzed by checking its scavenging ability and reducing property. Antibacterial was assayed by well diffusion method and antifungal activity using sabouraud dextrose broth.Results: The results showed that the ethanolic root extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoids have potent antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity against certain Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi.Conclusion: The present study revealed the significance of the plant as a drug. Further, in vivo study is needed to be used as curative agent for different health illness.

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Chemical composition, antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, anticholinesterase and photoprotective activities of the aerial parts of Schinus molle L.

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216999201014153251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mustapha M. Bouhenna ◽

Chawki Bensouici ◽

Latifa Khattabi ◽

Farid Chebrouk ◽

Nabil Mameri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Schinus Molle ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Sun Protection Factor

Background: Schinus molle L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant widely used in folk medicine commonly found in Algeria and Mediterranean region. In the present work, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, αglucosidase inhibitory and photoprotective potentials of the Schinus molle L. plant’s extract/fractions. The metabolite profile of Schinus molle L. was analyzed using RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Methods: Antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Antidiabetic activity was investigated by αglucosidase inhibition test, whereas photoprotective activity was evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) using spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The extracts were then submitted to RP-HPLC–PDA and GC–MS analysis. Results: Ethyl acetate and buthanol fractions with high contents of total phenolics and flavonoids exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited considerable enzyme inhibition potential on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase with percentages of inhibition of 99.08 ± 0.79 %, 100 % and 98.80 ± 0.18 % respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction showed high photoprotective activity with the sun protection factor (SPF) value = 38,26 ± 0.73. Three phenolic acids (gallic, tannic and vanillic acids) and five flavonoids (myricetin, apigenin, naringenin, rutin and quercetin) were identified with RP-HPLC–PDA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Schinus molle L. may be useful in the development of an alternative agent for oxidative stress, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and could be used as a natural sunscreen in pharmaceutics or cosmetic formulations.

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