scholarly journals Role and Possible Mechanisms of Sirt1 in Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofang Lu ◽  
Jianguo Li ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Liang-Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Silent Information Regulator 1 ◽  
Knowledge Of Depression

Depression is a common, devastating illness. Due to complicated causes and limited treatments, depression is still a major problem that plagues the world. Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a deacetylase at the consumption of NAD+ and is involved in gene silencing, cell cycle, fat and glucose metabolism, cellular oxidative stress, and senescence. Sirt1 has now become a critical therapeutic target for a number of diseases. Recently, a genetic study has received considerable attention for depression and found that Sirt1 is a potential gene target. In this short review article, we attempt to present an up-to-date knowledge of depression and Sirt1 of the sirtuin family, describe the different effects of Sirt1 on depression, and further discuss possible mechanisms of Sirt1 including glial activation, neurogenesis, circadian control, and potential signaling molecules. Thus, it will open a new avenue for clinical treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in animals: a pathophysiologist's view

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Gildikov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Intracellular Oxidative Stress

In the review article, from the modern standpoint, oxidative stress is considered as a universal pathophysiological mechanism of the vast majority of diseases in animals. A brief review of the publication activity in the world on this topic; the significance of reactive oxygen species in the physiology and development of intracellular oxidative stress, the role of etiological factors that initiate their hyperproduction are presented, as well the methods of detecting oxidative stress are characterizited. General concepts of the antioxidant system of the animal body are examined, and the pathophysiological targets of oxidative stress in animals are generalized.

Oxidative Stress Induced Cell Cycle Arrest: Potential Role of PRX-2 and GSTP-1 as Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Mohsin ◽  
Kanwal Haneef ◽  
Amber Ilyas ◽  
Shamshad Zarina ◽  
Zehra Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World

Background: The increasing incidence and mortality rate of HCC is a major concern, especially for developing countries of the world. Hence, extensive research is being carried out in order to explore new approaches for developing successful therapeutic strategies for HCC. The controversial role of oxidative stress in the prognosis and treatment of various diseases such as cancer has become the area of great interest and intrigue for many scientists throughout the world. Objective: We aim to investigate the role of induced oxidative stress on the suppression of HCC Huh-7 cancerous cells as therapeutic approach. Methods: Induction of oxidative stress via H2O2 treatment produced cell cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner and also led to the over expression of GSTP-1 and PRX-2. The expression of GSTP-1 and PRX-2 was compared in HCC Huh-7 treated, untreated cells and normal hepatocytes using immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the effects of oxidative stress on cell cycle arrest were also studied through flow cytometry. Results: Our study demonstrated the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation as a result of H2O2 induction by arresting the cell cycle at G2 phase. Conclusion: The induction of oxidative stress could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating HCC in the future. GSTP-1 and PRX-2 can serve as substantial therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health- A short review article

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Alia Amiri ◽  
Abhishek S. Lachyan ◽  
Somya Gautam ◽  
Kumud Kaushik ◽  
Aishwarya Potnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Mental Health Effects ◽  
The Impact

The people have been informed about the physical repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection across the world, as well as how to avoid exposure to the coronavirus and the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms if they arise. The consequences of the pandemic on one's mental health, on the other hand, have not been well investigated and are yet unknown. Because all efforts have been concentrated on studying the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, transmission patterns, and management of the COVID-19 pandemic, little concern has been raised about the consequences on one's mental health or methods to avoid stigmatization. Various psychological issues and significant mental health effects, such as stress, worry, sadness, frustration, and uncertainty, developed gradually throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this study was to conduct a thorough assessment of the available research on the effects of COVID-19 infection on mental health in the general population.

Cell Cycle Checkpoint Genes and Aneuploidy: A Short Review

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Kearns ◽  
Johnson Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Genes

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

Hydrogen peroxide and quercetin induced changes on cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Mine Yılmaz ◽  
Gökhan Biçim ◽  
Kübra Toprak ◽  
Betül Karademir Yılmaz ◽  
Irina Milisav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Proteasome Activity ◽  
Cell Cycle Phases ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Quercetin Treatment

Background: Different cellular responses influence the progress of cancer. In this study, we have investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide and quercetin induced changes on cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Methods: The effects of hydrogen peroxide and quercetin on cell viability, cell cycle phases and oxidative stress related cellular changes were investigated. Cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay. Apoptosis rate, cell cycle phase changes and oxidative stress were measured by flow cytometry. Protein expressions of p21, p27, p53, NF-Kβ-p50 and proteasome activity were determined by Western blot and fluorometry, respectively. Results: Hydrogen peroxide and quercetin treatment resulted in decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Proteasome activity was increased by hydrogen peroxide but decreased by quercetin treatment. Conclusion: Both agents resulted in decreased p53 protein expression and increased cell death by different mechanisms regarding proteostasis and cell cycle phases.

Dual effect of oxidized LDL on cell cycle in human endothelial cells through oxidative stress

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (s78) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Galle ◽  
Alexandra Heinloth ◽  
Christoph Wanner ◽  
Kathrin Heermeier
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dual Effect

scholarly journals Genetic variants and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise D Correa ◽  
Jaya Satagopan ◽  
Axel Martin ◽  
Erica Braun ◽  
Maria Kryza-Lacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Cycle Regulation

AbstractBackgroundPatients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) often experience cognitive dysfunction. We reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOE, COMT, and BDNF genes may influence cognition in brain tumor patients. In this study, we assessed whether genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), inflammation, cholesterol transport, dopamine and myelin regulation, and DNA repair may influence cognitive outcome in this population.MethodsOne hundred and fifty brain tumor patients treated with RT ± CT or CT alone completed a neurocognitive assessment and provided a blood sample for genotyping. We genotyped genes/SNPs in these pathways: (i) LOAD risk/inflammation/cholesterol transport, (ii) dopamine regulation, (iii) myelin regulation, (iv) DNA repair, (v) blood–brain barrier disruption, (vi) cell cycle regulation, and (vii) response to oxidative stress. White matter (WM) abnormalities were rated on brain MRIs.ResultsMultivariable linear regression analysis with Bayesian shrinkage estimation of SNP effects, adjusting for relevant demographic, disease, and treatment variables, indicated strong associations (posterior association summary [PAS] ≥ 0.95) among tests of attention, executive functions, and memory and 33 SNPs in genes involved in: LOAD/inflammation/cholesterol transport (eg, PDE7A, IL-6), dopamine regulation (eg, DRD1, COMT), myelin repair (eg, TCF4), DNA repair (eg, RAD51), cell cycle regulation (eg, SESN1), and response to oxidative stress (eg, GSTP1). The SNPs were not significantly associated with WM abnormalities.ConclusionThis novel study suggests that polymorphisms in genes involved in aging and inflammation, dopamine, myelin and cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair and response to oxidative stress may be associated with cognitive outcome in patients with brain tumors.

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