scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibres Recycled by Steam Thermolysis: A Statistical Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boulanghien ◽  
M. R’Mili ◽  
G. Bernhart ◽  
F. Berthet ◽  
Y. Soudais
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Steam Thermolysis

The recent development of technologies for recycling carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) leads to the need to evaluate the mechanical response of recycled carbon fibres. As these fibres are likely to be degraded during the recycling treatment, it is very important to determine their tensile residual properties so as to evaluate their ability as reinforcement for new composite materials. Carbon fibres reclaimed by a steam-thermal treatment applied to degrade the epoxy resin matrix of a CFRP are here analysed. Two conditions were chosen so as to reach two degradation efficiency levels of the steam thermolysis. Several carbon fibre samples were selected for mechanical testing carried out either on single filaments using single fibre tensile tests or on fibre tows using bundle tensile tests. It is shown that the single fibre tensile test leads to a wide variability of statistical parameters derived from the analysis. Bundle tensile tests results were able to indicate that fibre strength of recycled carbon fibre is similar to corresponding as-received carbon fibres thanks to a statistically relevant database. Wide number of tested filaments enabled indeed to obtain low scatters.

scholarly journals Investigation of tensile strength and dimensional variation of T700 carbon fibres using an improved experimental setup

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Islam ◽  
Sébastien Joannès ◽  
Steve Bucknell ◽  
Yann Leray ◽  
Anthony Bunsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Statistical Representation ◽  
Dimensional Variation ◽  
Single Fibres

Knowledge of fibre strength is crucial for understanding the failure behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite materials and structures. Measuring the properties of technical fibres has been known to be very challenging, and the different challenges associated with single fibre characterisation are illustrated in this article. An improved and automated experimental methodology for tensile testing of single fibres is described. This process has been used to generate fibre strength data for T700 carbon fibres at three different gauge lengths of 4, 20 and 30 mm. The variability in strength and modulus of short fibres was found to be much larger than that of longer fibres. Statistical analysis of this large data set has also highlighted the limitations of the standard Weibull distribution for representing fibre strength behaviour. The need for a better statistical representation of the fibre strength data in order to provide a more accurate description of the fibre strength behaviour has been emphasized.

Analysis of Applicability of the Hollow Carbon Fibres for Self-Repairing Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Kling ◽  
Tibor Czigány
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Hollow Carbon ◽  
Scanning Electron

The geometry and mechanical properties of solid and hollow carbon fibres were investigated by light-and scanning electron microscopy, and by single fibre tensile tests. The hollowness factor of fibres was determined by their external and internal diameter. The tensile strength was determined by single fibre tensile break tests. It was shown that the bigger the diameter of the fibres the lower the mechanical properties is. It was found that the hollow carbon fibres are suitable for preparation of a self-repairing composite with the advantage over other solutions because of their geometrical and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals A novel approach to functionalise pristine unsized carbon fibre using in situ generated diazonium species to enhance interfacial shear strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 3360-3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Servinis ◽  
L. C. Henderson ◽  
L. M. Andrighetto ◽  
M. G. Huson ◽  
T. R. Gengenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fibre Composites

An in situ diazonium grafting methodology was used to decorate the surface of carbon fibres with pendant amines. This methodology was shown to greatly affect IFSS in single fibre composites.

scholarly journals Development of a new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibres for high-performance composites: Part IV: Measurement of recycled carbon fibre length

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502091072
Author(s):  
Martin Hengstermann ◽  
Karl Kopelmann ◽  
Andreas Nocke ◽  
Anwar Abdkader ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Reference Length

Due to the increasing application of carbon fibre–reinforced plastics, the use of recycled carbon fibres can help reduce the tremendous amount of carbon fibre waste growing worldwide. In this context, the processing of longer recycled carbon fibres (>40 mm mean length) into hybrid yarn constructions offers a promising solution. The characterisation of recycled carbon fibre length is essential for textile processes. However, to suit the atypical fibre characteristics of recycled carbon fibres compared to standard natural or man-made-fibres, the development of an adequate measuring technique is required. Investigations on the state of the art suggest that an adapted fibrograph method might pose an appropriate measuring system. Therefore, new test equipment and an alternative image analysing method based on pixel greyscale values were developed. To enable a calibration process, different samples with cut carbon fibre from carded and drafted slivers were intensively tested and compared. In addition, an adapted reference method was investigated by combining single fibre measurement and image processing techniques. In a final step, recycled carbon fibres samples with unknown fibre length were tested. Results proved that the presented measuring system is adequate for the testing of longer recycled carbon fibres in webs or slivers. All measured values were close to the measured reference length values (deviation ±4%).

Automotive drive shafts

1980 ◽  
Vol 294 (1411) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Propeller Shaft ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Fibre Composites

One part of the work of composite engineers is to find cost effective uses for new fibre composites. One such use identified for carbon fibre is in the automotive propeller shaft. This is the fore and aft shaft transmitting the engine torque of a car or truck to the driven axle to propel the vehicle. This paper will relate the requirements for drive shafts to the properties of carbon fibres. Both technical and marketing requirements will be considered. The carbon fibre properties are related to performance when incorporated in a resin matrix. Reference will be made to work on ‘alloying’ carbon fibre with glass fibre. This is shown to enhance the overall cost effectiveness of the resulting parts. A final section will illustrate the important aspect of producing test data that build up the automotive designer’s confidence in the application of an unfamiliar material.

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Injection Moulded Hemp Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Beckermann ◽  
K.L. Pickering ◽  
N.J. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Twin Screw

In recent years, industrial hemp fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites have attracted substantial interest as potential structural materials. These composites have been subject to intense study for use in lightweight, recyclable and low cost applications. The aim of this research was to improve and evaluate the composite tensile strength and fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion by means of fibre treatment and addition of a coupling agent. Hemp fibre was digested in a small pressure vessel with a solution of 5wt% NaOH / 2wt% Na2SO3. Single fibre tensile tests were performed on treated and untreated fibres, and it was found that the alkali treatment resulted in an increase in fibre strength and an improvement in fibre separation. Composites containing either treated or untreated fibre, polypropylene and a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent were then compounded in a twin-screw extruder and injection moulded into tensile test specimens. Tensile tests revealed that significant improvements in composite strength were made by using treated fibre and MAPP. The effect of MAPP on the interface of treated hemp fibre/polypropylene composites was assessed by means of the single fibre fragmentation test, and the interfacial shear strength was determined thereafter.

scholarly journals The Influence of Pyrolitic Degradation on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fibres within Recycling Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Michal Návrat ◽  
Jaroslav Závada ◽  
Veronika Glogarová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

Abstract The article deals with the influence of thermal pyrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of carbon fibres used in the production of composite material. The carbon fibre has been chosen as the reinforcement of composite and the resin formed a matrix (binder). During the pyrolysis process, the resin was eliminated and the carbon fibre was separated. Pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 450 °C, 550 °C and 650 °C. Subsequently also tensile tests were performed on the treated material to compare the mechanical properties of the fibres prior to pyrolysis and after decomposition. The results showed negative influence at the selected temperatures during the pyrolysis treatment on the mechanical properties of the carbon fibres.

Effect of Carbon Fibre Ratio to the Impact Properties of Hybrid Kenaf/Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Azlina Abu Bakar ◽  
Sahrim Ahmad ◽  
Wahyu Kuntjoro ◽  
Salmiah Kasolang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Effects of the incorporation of untreated and treated hybrid kenaf/carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites on the impact properties were studied. Hybrid kenaf/carbon fibres and thermoset matrices were hand-laid up and characterized in terms of its mechanical properties. The kenaf fibres were alkali treated whilst the carbon fibres were gamma radiation treated before use as reinforcement in the epoxy resin matrix. The reinforcing effects of kenaf hybridized with carbon fibre in epoxy composites were evaluated at various fibre loadings with overall fibre contents 20 wt%. Hybrid composites with different ratios of kenaf fibre : carbon fibre ; 0.9:0.1, 0.8:0.2, 0.7:0.3 and 0.6:0.4 were prepared. Impact tests of untreated and treated hybrid kenaf/carbon fibres were performed. The fractured surfaces of these composites were investigated by using scanning electron microscopic technique (SEM) to determine the interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fibre reinforcement. It was found that the treated hybrid composites increased the impact strength by 26% compared to the untreated ones.

scholarly journals Intrinsic tensile properties of cocoon silk fibres can be estimated by removing flaws through repeated tensile tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (107) ◽  
pp. 20150177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangam Rajkhowa ◽  
Jasjeet Kaur ◽  
Xungai Wang ◽  
Warren Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Fracture Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Composite Curve

Silk fibres from silkworm cocoons have lower strength than spider silk and have received less attention as a source of high-performance fibres. In this work, we have used an innovative procedure to eliminate the flaws gradually of a single fibre specimen by retesting the unbroken portion of the fibre, after each fracture test. This was done multiple times so that the final test may provide the intrinsic fibre strength. During each retest, the fibre specimen began to yield once the failure load of the preceding test was exceeded. For each fibre specimen, a composite curve was constructed from multiple tests. The composite curves and analysis show that strengths of mass-produced Muga and Eri cocoon silk fibres increased from 446 to 618 MPa and from 337 to 452 MPa, respectively. Similarly, their toughness increased from 84 to 136 MJ m −3 and from 61 to 104 MJ m −3 , respectively. Composite plots produced significantly less inter-specimen variations compared to values from single tests. The fibres with reduced flaws as a result of retests in the tested section have a tensile strength and toughness comparable to naturally spun dragline spider silk with a reported strength of 574 MPa and toughness of 91–158 MJ m −3 , which is used as a benchmark for developing high-performance fibres. This retesting approach is likely to provide useful insights into discrete flaw distributions and intrinsic mechanical properties of other fatigue-resistant materials.

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