scholarly journals Multicriteria Parent Selection Using Cognitive Radio for RPL in Smart Grid Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adisorn Kheaksong ◽  
Kanabadee Srisomboon ◽  
Akara Prayote ◽  
Wilaiporn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Workload Balancing ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Advanced Metering

To maintain reliability of advanced metering infrastructure network in smart grid, data sent from a smart meter must reach a data concentrator unit efficiently. Parent selecting mechanism in routing protocol for low-power and lossy (RPL) is a key to maintain the reliability by balancing workload of meters in the network. In this paper, a parent selecting mechanism with three criteria including expected transmission count, residual energy, and expected transmission time is proposed to improve workload balancing and lifetime differences of all meters. A meter selects an immediate parent based on three factors. From simulation results, parents’ workload is better balanced and the lifetime of all meters in the network is depleted nearly at the same time. Moreover, a simulation with cognitive radio enabled meters, where data can be transmitted on a licensed channel opportunistically when the channel is not utilized, shows an improvement in the packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals RPL Routing Protocol Performance in Smart Grid Applications Based Wireless Sensors: Experimental and Simulated Analysis

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Abdel Hakeem ◽  
Anar Hady ◽  
HyungWon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
High Density ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is one of the Smart Grid (SG) applications that used to upgrade the current power system by proposing a two-way communication system to connect the smart meter devices at homes with the electric control company. The design and deployment of an efficient routing protocol solution for AMI systems are considered to be a critical challenge due to the constrained resources of the smart meter nodes. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was recently standardized by the IETF and originally designed to satisfy the routing requirements of lossy and low power networks like wireless sensors (WSN). We have two kinds of AMI applications, on one hand AMI based WSN and on the other hand AMI based PLC communication. In this paper, we proposed a real and simulated implementation of RPL behavior with proper modifications to support the AMI based WSN routing requirements. We evaluate RPL performance using 140 nodes from the wireless sensor testbed (IoT-LAB) and 1000 nodes using Cooja simulator measure RPL performance within medium and high-density networks. We adopted two routing metrics for path selection: First one is HOP Count (HC) and the second is Expected Transmission Unit (ETX) to evaluate RPL performance in terms of packet delivery ratio; network latency; control traffic overhead; and power consumption. Our results illustrate that routes with ETX calculations in low and medium network densities outperform routes using HC and the performance decreases as the network becomes dense. However, Cooja implementation results provides an average reasonable performance for AMI with high-density networks; still many RPL nodes suffering from high packet loss rates, network congestion and many retransmissions due to the selection of optimal paths with highly unreliable links.

scholarly journals Geographic-based Routing in Smart Grid’s Neighbor Area Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang-Dung Ho ◽  
Gowdemy Rajalingham ◽  
Tho Le-Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Grid Communications ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Neighbor area network (NAN), also known as smart meter communication network, is one of the most important segments of smart grid communications network (SGCN). This paper studies the performance of greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), a representative implementation of geographic-based routing class, in the NAN scenario and investigates the feasibility of this routing protocol in supporting SG applications. Specifically, packet transmission delay and reliability of GPSR in an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless mesh NAN with practical system parameters are measured by simulations. The results show that, at the data rate required for conventional SG applications including smart metering, real-time pricing and demand response, the delay can always be maintained below 70 ms (in 95th-percentile perspective) while packet delivery ratio is higher than 90%. However, due to that fact that more advanced applications that require information exchange at higher rates and more stringent delays are emerging in SG, the performance of GPSR in NAN scenarios using radio technologies that can support higher loads and/or larger network scales needs to be studied.

Communication Trust and Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for WSN Using D-S Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Palanisamy ◽  
Sankar S. ◽  
Ramasubbareddy Somula ◽  
Ganesh Gopal Deverajan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Trust Models

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) deployed in open environments make nodes prone to various security attacks due to their resource constrained nature. The compromised nodes are used to mislead the sensed data and disrupt communication, which can affect the entire decision-making system based on the sensed data. It is also possible to drain the sensor nodes energy and reduce the battery life of the networks. Trust models are the preferred mechanism to secure WSN. In this paper, the authors present communication trust and energy aware (CTEA) routing protocol that make use of the proposed trust model to mitigate the effects of badmouth and energy drain attacks. They use Dempster theory to compute communication trust and also consider the energy metric, to establish the route for data transfer. The simulation result shows that the proposed trust model increases the packet delivery ratio, residual energy, and network lifetime by mitigating the nodes misbehaviour in presence of energy drain and bad mouth attacks.

Role of Smart Metering and Implementation Issues in Smart Grid

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Maheswari Maruthakutti ◽  
Loganathan Nachimuthu ◽  
Suthanthira Vanitha N.
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Advanced Metering

Smart grid provides the digital technology that allows for two-way communication between the utility and the customers. The smart grid consists of controls, computers, automation, and new technologies and equipment working together. The smart grid will move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency with economic and environmental health. A smart meter plays a major role in the smart grid and it is an electronic device that measures and records the energy consumption. It enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier through advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). The mode of communication is enabled by either wireless or wired. The wireless communication includes Wi-Fi, wireless mesh networks, Zig Bee, cellular communications, and low power range Wi-Fi. This chapter deliberates about the evolution of electricity metering, major components of smart meter, communication infrastructure and protocols for smart metering, demand-side integration, recent developments, issues faced and solutions, merits and demerits.

Reliable and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Under Water Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Fatima Al-Shihri ◽  
Mohammed Arafah
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Forwarding Node ◽  
Water Sensor

The authors proposed a Reliable and energy efficient Routing Protocol (RRP) for underwater sensor network, integrating the desired features of the Directional Flooding based Routing (DFR) and Vector Based Void Avoidance (VBVA) protocols. The new algorithm considers reliability and takes into consideration the residual energy for each node before choosing the forwarding node. RRP relies on a packet flooding technique to increase reliability. However, to prevent a packet from flooding to the whole network, they control the number of nodes forwarding a packet by measuring a link quality between nodes in a hop by hop. To mitigate the effect of the inherent void problem, the authors consider residual energy, link quality, and distance from destination node to choose a reliable path to forward packet to destination. The authors observe that RRP protocol has better performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio than the DFR protocol due to the void avoidance technique.

scholarly journals CRB-RPL: A Receiver-Based Routing Protocol for Communications in Cognitive Radio Enabled Smart Grid

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 5985-5994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhutian Yang ◽  
Shuyu Ping ◽  
Hongjian Sun ◽  
Abdol-Hamid Aghvami
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Routing Protocol

scholarly journals Multi-constraints based RPL objective function with adaptive stability for high traffic IoT applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Abdelhadi Eloudrhiri Hassani ◽  
Aicha Sahel ◽  
Abdelmajid Badri ◽  
El Mourabit Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

The internet of things technology is classified as a Low power and lossy network. These kinds of networks require a trustworthy routing protocol considered as the backbone for management and high quality of service achievements. IPv6 routing protocol for Low power and lossy network (RPL) was able to gain popularity compared to other routing protocols dedicated to IoT for its great flexibility through the objective function. Default objective functions implemented in the RPL core are based on a single metric. Consequently, the routing protocol can’t cope with different constraints and show congestion issues in high traffics. For that, we proposed in our paper multi-constraints-based objective function with adaptive stability (MCAS-OF), which uses novel strategies for Radio strength indicator, node energy consumption, hop count and a designed work-metric combination, new rank processing, and parent selection procedure. The network stability was also taken into account, since the multi constraints can lead to frequent parent changes, using an adaptive threshold. The proposal, evaluated under the COOJA emulator against standard-RPL and EC-OF, showed a packet delivery ratio improvement by 24% in high traffics, a decrease in the power consumption close to 44%, achieved less latency and DIO control messages, it also gives a good workload balancing by reducing the standard deviation of node’s power consumption.

scholarly journals Adaptive Broadcast Routing Protocol using Fuzzy Logic System for MANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5474-5480
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Fuzzy Logic System ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Broadcast Routing ◽  
Logic System

In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), forwarding probability should consider neighbour density, link quality and residual energy of the forwarding nodes. Also, redundant broadcasting by checking the inter-arrival times should be considered. In this paper, we propose to design a adaptive broadcast routing protocol using Fuzzy logic system. In this protocol, a set of forwarding nodes are selected based on the residual energy, coverage probability and channel condition. The rebroadcasting or forwarding probability is adaptively adjusted based on the 1-hop neighbour density and relative mobility of neighbours using the fuzzy logic system. Then the selected forwarding nodes forward the route request packets with the probability given by forwarding probability. Before forwarding the packets, the number of redundant packets exceeding a threshold value, are removed by checking successful status of delivered packets. By simulation results, we show that ABRP minimizes the delay and forwarding ratio by increasing the packet delivery ratio and average residual energy.

scholarly journals Energy and Delay Aware Data Aggregation in Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Sennan ◽  
Sathiyabhama Balasubramaniyam ◽  
Ashish Kr. Luhach ◽  
Somula Ramasubbareddy ◽  
Naveen Chilamkurti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Parent Selection

Energy conservation is one of the most critical problems in Internet of Things (IoT). It can be achieved in several ways, one of which is to select the optimal route for data transfer. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a standardized routing protocol for IoT. The RPL changes its path frequently while transmitting the data from source to the destination, due to high data traffic in dense networks. Hence, it creates data traffic across the nodes in the networks. To solve this issue, we propose Energy and Delay Aware Data aggregation in Routing Protocol (EDADA-RPL) for IoT. It has two processes, namely parent selection and data aggregation. The process of parent selection uses routing metric residual energy (RER) to choose the best possible parent for data transmission. The data aggregation process uses the compressed sensing (CS) theory in the parent node to combine data packets from the child nodes. Finally, the aggregated data transmits from a downward parent to the sink. The sink node collects all the aggregated data and it performs the reconstruction operation to get the original data of the participant node. The simulation is carried out using the Contiki COOJA simulator. EDADA-RPL’s performance is compared to RPL and LA-RPL. The EDADA-RPL offers good performance in terms of network lifetime, delay, and packet delivery ratio.

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