Communication Trust and Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for WSN Using D-S Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Palanisamy ◽  
Sankar S. ◽  
Ramasubbareddy Somula ◽  
Ganesh Gopal Deverajan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Trust Models

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) deployed in open environments make nodes prone to various security attacks due to their resource constrained nature. The compromised nodes are used to mislead the sensed data and disrupt communication, which can affect the entire decision-making system based on the sensed data. It is also possible to drain the sensor nodes energy and reduce the battery life of the networks. Trust models are the preferred mechanism to secure WSN. In this paper, the authors present communication trust and energy aware (CTEA) routing protocol that make use of the proposed trust model to mitigate the effects of badmouth and energy drain attacks. They use Dempster theory to compute communication trust and also consider the energy metric, to establish the route for data transfer. The simulation result shows that the proposed trust model increases the packet delivery ratio, residual energy, and network lifetime by mitigating the nodes misbehaviour in presence of energy drain and bad mouth attacks.

scholarly journals Proposition and Real-Time Implementation of an Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for a Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Younus ◽  
Saif ul Islam ◽  
Sung Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware

A wireless sensor network (WSN) has achieved significant importance in tracking different physical or environmental conditions using wireless sensor nodes. Such types of networks are used in various applications including smart cities, smart building, military target tracking and surveillance, natural disaster relief, and smart homes. However, the limited power capacity of sensor nodes is considered a major issue that hampers the performance of a WSN. A plethora of research has been conducted to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes in traditional WSN, however the limited functional capability of such networks is the main constraint in designing sophisticated and dynamic solutions. Given this, software defined networking (SDN) has revolutionized traditional networks by providing a programmable and flexible framework. Therefore, SDN concepts can be utilized in designing energy-efficient WSN solutions. In this paper, we exploit SDN capabilities to conserve energy consumption in a traditional WSN. To achieve this, an energy-aware multihop routing protocol (named EASDN) is proposed for software defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN). The proposed protocol is evaluated in a real environment. For this purpose, a test bed is developed using Raspberry Pi. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits promising results in terms of network lifetime, average energy consumption, the packet delivery ratio, and average delay in comparison to an existing energy efficient routing protocol for SDWSN and a traditional source routing algorithm.

scholarly journals IOUT Enabled Underwater WSN Using Dynamic Adaptive Routing Protocol with Improved Reliability

2020 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Jasem M Alostad ◽  
◽  
Nizar Alkateeb ◽  
Ebraheem Sultan ◽  
Hameed K. Ebraheem
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Adaptive Routing ◽  
Dynamic Routing ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
Optimal Dynamic

In this paper, a trade-off between the energy consumption and network lifetime is considered. This paper proposes an optimal routing protocol called Energy Dynamic Adaptive Routing (EDAR) protocol. The DAR protocol maintains a tradeoff between the reliability or packet delivery ratio (PDR) of sensor nodes and Bit Error Ratio (BER) using optimal dynamic adaptive routing approach. The proposed approach operates on three different phases, namely, initialization, dynamic routing and transmission. During initial phase, all the nodes in the UWSN share location and residual energy information among all the nodes in the network. During dynamic routing phase, an optimal Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based route selection is exploited to select the neighbor and successor nodes. This facilitates the successive routing to transmit the packets from one node to another. Here, the cost function with directed acyclic graph is utilized for better transmission of packets. The experimental results show that proposed method encounters the issues raised in conventional protocol and improves the reliability of packets with higher BER.

scholarly journals Multi-Layer Cluster Based Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sankar ◽  
P. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Energy Aware Routing

Abstract We propose a multi-layer cluster based energy aware routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, which divides the network area into equal length rings. The intra-ring clustering process divides a ring into equal sized clusters and inter-cluster routing applies the fuzzy logic to select the best route for data transfer. It increases the network lifetime and packet delivery ratio by 18-22% and 5-8%, respectively.

A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽  
Surjeet Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

Performance study and critical review on energy aware routing protocols in mobile sink based WSNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Ashok Kamble ◽  
Balaji Madhavrao Patil
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Aware Routing

Abstract Wireless networks involve spatially extended independent sensor nodes, and it is associated with each other’s to preserve and identify physical and environmental conditions of the particular application. The sensor nodes batteries are equipped with restricted energy for working with an energy source. Consequently, efficient energy consumption is themain important challenge in wireless networks, and it is outfitted witharestricted power storage capacity battery. Therefore, routing protocol with energy efficiency is essential in wireless sensor network (WSN) to offer data transmission and connectivity with less energy consumption. As a result, the routing scheme is the main factor for decreasing energy consumption and the network's lifetime. The energy-aware routing model is mainly devised for WSN with high network performance when transmitting data to a sink node. Hence, in this paper, the effectiveness of energy-aware routing protocols in mobile sink-based WSNs is analyzed and justified. Some energy-aware routing systems in mobile sink-based WSN techniques, such as optimizing low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) clustering approach, hybrid model using fuzzy logic, and mobile sink. The fuzzy TOPSIS-based cluster head selection (CHS) technique, mobile sink-based energy-efficient CHS model, and hybrid Harris Hawk-Salp Swarm (HH-SS) optimization approach are taken for the simulation process. Additionally, the analytical study is executed using various conditions, like simulation, cluster size, nodes, mobile sink speed, and rounds. Moreover, the performance of existing methods is evaluated using various parameters, namely alive node, residual energy, delay, and packet delivery ratio (PDR).

Research on Energy Aware Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ling Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Energy Aware Routing ◽  
Transmission Energy Consumption ◽  
Transmission Energy ◽  
Improved Algorithm

Energy aware routing is a critical issue in WSN. Prior work in energy aware routing concerned about transmission energy consumption and residual energy, but often do not consider path hop length, which leads to unnecessary consumption of power at sensor nodes. Improved algorithm adds the control of routing hops. Simulation proof the improved algorithm is feasible, effectively reducing the network delay and the path of energy consumption. Taking into account the WSN is dynamic, in the end we put up dynamic hops control in order to adapt to WSN and select the optimal path.

scholarly journals An Efficient Leader Node Selection for Movable Nodes in WSN using PSO Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5072-5078
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Efficient Prediction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Effective Group

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a group of sensor devices, which are used to sense the surroundings. The network performance is still an issue in the WSN and an efficient protocol is introduced such as LEACH. To improve the stability, LEACH with fuzzy descriptors is used in preceding research. However the existing has drawback with effective group formation in heterogeneous WSN and also it is not achieved the Super Leader Node (SLH). To overcome the above mentioned issues, the proposed system enhances the approach which is used for increasing the energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, and bandwidth and network lifetime. The proposed paper contains three phases such as grouping formation, Leader Node (LN) selection, SLN selection with three main objectives:(i) to acquire Energy-Efficient Prediction Clustering Algorithm (EEPCA) in heterogeneous WSN for grouping formation (ii)To design Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy- Expected Residual Energy (LEACH-ERE) protocol for LN selection.(iii)To optimize the SCH selection by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based fuzzy approach. The clustering formation is done by Energy-Efficient Prediction Clustering Algorithm (EEPCA) in heterogeneous WSN. It is used to calculate the sensor nodes which have shortest distance between each node. The LEACH-ERE protocol was proposed to form a Leader Node (LN) and all the nodes has to communicate with sink through LN only. New SLN is elected based on distance from the sink and battery power of the node.

scholarly journals APSSR: Adaptive Packet Size Selection Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2313-2323
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Packet Size ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks offer very promising solutions to monitor the aqueous environments. Due to the distinctive characteristics of UASNs, it is very challenging to design a routing protocol that can achieve maximum data delivery ratio in the network. The main challenge is the communication medium (acoustic links) that is subject to temporary attenuation and high bit error rate (BER), which limits the throughput efficiency of the Network. Besides this, another major issue is the continuous movement of nodes due to water currents and the availability of limited resources. Due to nodes mobility distance among sensor nodes and consequently, BER varies, which have a direct impact on packet size, hence, leads to high packet loss and low data delivery ratio. To achieve a high data delivery ratio, the selection of optimal packet size is of utmost importance. Consequently, the selection of next-hop forwarding node based on optimal packet size is needed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an adaptive routing protocol named Adaptive Packet Size Selection Based Routing (APSSR) Protocol for UASNs. APSSR determines the optimal packet size adaptively based on both varying distances between sensor nodes and BER and selects the next hop based on optimal packet size and BER. The simulation results show greater network performance in terms of Network Lifetime, Data Reception Ratio at Sink node, Average Network Delay, Packet Reception Ratio, and Packets Drop Ratio

Secure-Aware Multipath Routing Using Atom Search Rider Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
M. B. Shyjith ◽  
C. P. Maheswaran ◽  
V. K. Reshma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Throughput Rate ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Average Residual ◽  
Maximal Average ◽  
Selection Of

WSN is comprised of sensor nodes that sense the data for various applications. The nodes are employed for transmitting sensed data to BS through intermediate nodes or the cluster heads in multi-hop environment. Erroneous selection of CHs may lead to large energy consumption and thereby degrades system performance. Hence, an effective technique was developed by proposing Rider-ASO for secure-aware multipath routing in the WSN. The proposed routing protocol offers security to the network concerning various trust factors. Initially, cluster head selection is done using RCSO. Then, the trust values of the cluster heads that are selected is computed to ensure security while routing. For the multipath routing, proposed Rider-ASO is developed by combining ASO and ROA. Thus, the proposed algorithm finds multiple secured paths from the source into destination based on selected CHs. The developed Rider-ASO outperformed other methods with minimal delay of 0.009 sec, maximal average residual energy 0.5494 J, maximal PDR of 97.82%, maximal throughput rate of 96.07%, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimized Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Realization of an Enhanced Energy-Aware Location-Aided Routing Protocol in MANET

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Taj-Aldeen Naser Abdali ◽  
Rosilah Hassan ◽  
Ravie Chandren Muniyandi ◽  
Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman ◽  
Quang Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Mutation Operation

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANETs) is a wireless network topology with mobile network nodes and movable communication routes. In addition, the network nodes in MANETs are free to either join or leave the network. Typically, routing in MANETs is multi-hop because of the limited communication range of nodes. Then, routing protocols have been developed for MANETs. Among them, energy-aware location-aided routing (EALAR) is an efficient reactive MANET routing protocol that has been recently obtained by integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO) with mutation operation into the conventional LAR protocol. However, the mutation operation (nonuniform) used in EALAR has some drawbacks, which make EALAR provide insufficient exploration, exploitation, and diversity of solutions. Therefore, this study aims to propose to apply the Optimized PSO (OPSO) via adopting a mutation operation (uniform) instead of nonuniform. The OPSO is integrated into the LAR protocol to enhance all critical performance metrics, including packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, overhead, and end-to-end delay.

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