scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Shisir Luitel ◽  
Raj Kumar Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Ageratina Adenophora ◽  
Test Organisms

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution of new strains of disease causing agents, are of great concern to the global health community. Effective treatment of a disease entails the development of new pharmaceuticals or some potential source of novel drugs. Commonly used medicinal plants of our community could be an excellent source of drugs to fight off this problem. This study is focused on exploring the antimicrobial properties of the plants that are commonly being used as traditional medicines. The antimicrobial potential of four different plant extracts was screened against twelve pathogenic microorganisms and two reference bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts of Oxalis corniculata, Artemisia vulgaris, Cinnamomum tamala, and Ageratina adenophora were subjected to a test of their antimicrobial properties by agar well diffusion method. The result indicated that most of the extracts exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest potential was observed in the extract of O. corniculata against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, MDR Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter koseri with zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 17 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm, 11 mm, and 12 mm, respectively. Oxalis corniculata also showed the highest MIC against test organisms. The methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris, Cinnamomum tamala, and Ageratina adenophora showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. Ageratina adenophora also showed antifungal activity against Rhizopus spp. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of some selected plant extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of employing them in drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the test organisms.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assay of some Nepalese medicinal plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya Laxmi Maharjan ◽  
Smritri Mainali ◽  
Bikash Baral
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

Medicinal plants constitute several bioactive compounds that are antimicrobial. Due to the extensive need of the new antimicrobial compounds of plant origin the study was conducted. The present paper deals with the qualitative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial assay of methanolic extracts of four medicinal plants namely Butea monosperma (seed), Cissampelos pareira (root), Myrica esculenta (bark) and Selinum tenuifolium (root). The standard phytochemical test of the extracts revealed the presence of polyphenols, glycosides and coumarins in all the plant extracts. For the in-vitro antimicrobial assay, agar well diffusion method was employed against human pathogenic bacteria (11) and phytopathogenic fungi (5). The extracts of C. pareira, M. esculenta were effective against all the tested bacteria and fungi which indicated their broad spectrum antimicrobial potential. The extract of B. monosperma was effective against B. subtilis, S. typhi, Acinetobacter species, F. oxysporum, F. moniliformie, E. turticum and S. roulfsii. But the extract of S. tenuifolium was ineffective against all the tested bacteria but was effective against all the fungal strains revealing it to have more antifungal potential. The antimicrobial properties of these plant extracts may be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. The results provided evidence that the studied plants might indeed be employed in the management of microbial infections. Key words: Plant extract; Phytochemicals; Antibacterial; Antifungal DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5526 SW 2011; 9(9): 90-92

Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Analyses of Sida acuta Leaf Extracts on Selected Wound Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausat Abimbola Jimoh ◽  
Wakili Tope Aborisade
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds

Medicinal plants have been intensively screened for their bioactivity in order to treat various diseases in human. This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Sida acuta leaf extracts against selected wound microbes. The plant extracts were obtained sequentially using n-hexane, aqueous and acetone respectively in order of increasing polarity. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar-well diffusion method. The sensitivity of the test organisms to the extracts was represented by zones of inhibitions (mm) at different concentrations. There was corresponding increase in the zones of inhibitions (mm) on the test organisms as the concentration of the extracts increased from 64 mg/ml – 512 mg/ml. Among the plant extracts, the aqueous extract of Sida acuta leaf revealed significantly higher zones of inhibitions (mm) from 7.50±2.12 - 25.00±1.40 on all isolates. This was closely followed by the acetone extract while the n-hexane extract produced the lowest zones of inhibitions (mm) on all the test organisms except for Acinetobacter baumannii which has 9.80±0.42 at the concentration of 512 mg/ml. Results obtained on the phytochemical analyses of the aqueous and acetone extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Hence, the antimicrobial effects of Sida acuta leaf extracts has been revealed in this study, therefore its controlled use should be encouraged in the treatment of wounds and other infections caused by these microorganisms.   Keywords: Antimicrobial properties, Isolates, Phytochemical analyses, Sida acuta

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE METABOLITES OF ASPERGILLUS CHEVALIERI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
EMELIA OPPONG BEKOE ◽  
MICHAEL WIAFE-KWAGYAN ◽  
JOYCELYN GAYSI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Spectrum Activity

Objective: This study sought to preliminarily investigate the inhibitory effect of metabolites of Aspergillus chevalieri and Trichoderma harzianum on a number of pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the fungal metabolites. The test microorganisms were Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Both metabolites had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. All the test organisms were susceptible to the A. chevalieri metabolites except for S. typhi. Both S. typhi and E. faecalis were however not susceptible to T. harzianum metabolites. P. aeruginosa was highly susceptible to both metabolites with the highest zone of inhibition of 26 mm for the stock metabolite. This activity was comparable to the standard, 10 µg/ml of ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Metabolites of A. chevalieri and T. harzianum exhibited broad-spectrum activity, and this can be exploited as a source for novel antibiotics.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations on various parts of Sida acuta Burm. f.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Chinelo A. Ezeabara ◽  
◽  
Miracle O. Egenti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Of Significance

Sida acuta Burm. f. belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae. The study investigated the quantitative phytochemical contents and in vitro antimicrobial activities of S. acuta at different concentrations using standard techniques. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for the absolute concentrations were determined by Agar well diffusion method. Test of significance was measured using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. There were presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, cardiac glycosides, terpenoid, anthraquinone and steroid in the leaf, stem and root of the plant at varying levels. Alkaloid at 2.31±0.03mg/100g was the highest and it was detected in the leaf. All the plant parts exhibited inhibitory activities against all the test organisms but were dose-dependent. At 500 mg/ml, the leaf extract gave highest inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus varians, Candida albicans while the root extract gave highest inhibition of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus flavus. Findings of this study, therefore, showed that all parts of S. acuta, particularly the leaf and the root, possessed antimicrobial properties which can be pharmaceutically harnessed.

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals Study of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Selected Plant Extracts for Food Preservative Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Tania Islam ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Wahidu Zzaman ◽  
Md Morsaline Billah
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Preservative

An attempt has been made to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of extracts from onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), tea (Camellia sinensis), baen (Avicennia alba) and keora (Sonneratia apetala), respectively to apply as natural preservatives for tomatoes. The air-dried plant materials of the respective plant species were subjected to ethanol-methanol extraction, concentrated and stored at 4 °C before use. The extracts were dissolved in 95% ethanol for analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Of the extracts tested, tea extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition against several pathogenic bacteria (E. coli 35.0±3.2 mm; P. aeruginosa 29.3±2.6 mm; S. typhi 28.4±2.1 mm and S. pyogenes 27.7±3.7 mm) using the disc diffusion method. In regard to DPPH free radical scavenging assay, keora and guava extracts showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity with the values of 89.64± 0.18 and 89.39± 0.88, respectively, which were in agreement with higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of these extracts obtained by the phosphomolybdenum method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for cytotoxicity assessment showed LC50 of 132.54 ± 18.99 µg/mL for the leaf extract of keora which was found to be most toxic among all studied extracts. The initial results indicated that the extracts could be used for food preservative applications based on the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of the tested extracts. However, efficacy, stability and safety issues need to be addressed with both in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Screening research of 90% aqueous ethanolic plant extracts antimicrobial activity against Propionobacterium acnes — an etiological factor of acne occurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
G.V. Rusko
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Annotation. Prolonged antibacterial therapy of acne, mainly by antibiotics of MLS-group (macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B), has a number of side effects, the main of which is the emergence of resistant strains. Considering the risks and side effects of traditional etiotropic acne therapy, the use of herbal medicines may be an alternative of this disease treatment. The purpose of this study was to perform a screening study of 90% aqueous-ethanolic medicinal plant extracts antimicrobial activity against P acnes test strains. Antimicrobial activity of 242 aqueous-ethanolic extracts of 183 medicinal and aromatic plants of various organs against two P. acnes strains: sensitive and MLS resistant by HB (Heart Brain) agar diffusion method was studied. Statistical processing of results has been caried by UTHSCSA ImageTool 2.0, Microsoft Office Excel 2011. Eupatorium cannabinum L. and Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dun. aerial parts, Populus nigra L. fruits and needles, Helichrysum arenarium L., Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. herbs, Calendula officinalis L. flowers, Geranium pratense L. rhizomes and Larix decidua Mill. needles exhibited strong antimicrobial activity (diameter of growth inhibition≥ 15 mm) against test strains. Representatives with antimicrobial properties against acne agents have been found among medicinal plants of Ukraine's flora. The detection of pronounced antimicrobial properties in various pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial plants necessitates the need for phytochemical study of the raw material to isolate and identify its active components.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotics and Fluoride Toothpastes against Pathogenic Bacteria associated with Dental Caries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Dental caries is the most contagious disease throughout the world. In the present study, a total of 100 dental caries patients were selected and samples from these patients were collected through sterile pincers for microbiological examination. A total of 9 different pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified through conventional culturing technique and among them maximum number of occurrence was by Salmonella spp (26.13%), followed by E. coli (17.39%), Proteus spp (17.39%), Shigella spp (8.69%), Pseudomonas spp (8.69%), Vibrio spp (8.69%), Enterobacter spp (4.34%), Yersinia spp (4.34%) and S. mutans (4.34%). Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by 9 different commercially available antibiotics i.e. vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, ampicillin, ticarcillin and metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used against test organisms and it was observed that all these antibiotics expressed significant activity against greater part of test organisms but few of them showed resistance to metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. In addition to this, different toothpastes encoded as TP-1, TP-2, TP-3, TP-4 and TP-5 were used at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in order to evaluate their activity against test organisms and it was observed that all these toothpastes showed significant activity against isolated bacteria. It was concluded that all these toothpastes contained fluoride which supports to avoid tooth decay and promote minty fresh breath. Furthermore, it was recommended that avoid usage of too much sweets, chocolates, candies especially in children/adults, and there must be a proper use of toothpastes twice a day at every stage of life. Keywords: Dental Caries, Pathogenic Bacteria, Antibiotics, Fluoride Toothpastes

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three important medicinal plants of South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnaiah B. ◽  
Aniel Kumar O.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The World

India is found to be a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of herbal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world. Plants are the richest source of natural antimicrobial agents. In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases; one approach is to screen local medicinal plants for possible antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of hexane, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the leaves of three important medicinal plants viz., Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC, Bougainvillea spectabilis L. and Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, collected from in and around Visakhapatnam District. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested against three Gram Positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Enterococcus faecalis MTCC 439, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737), Three Gram Negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1688) and three Fungal strains (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Epidermophyton floccosum MTCC 613 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes MTCC 7687) using agar well diffusion assay. Our results demonstrated that methanol extracts of these plants leaves have concentration dependent antibacterial activity against some of the tested organisms. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used for drug development program.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LANTHANUM ALUMINATE NANOPARTICLES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gayathri S ◽  
Ranjithkumar R ◽  
Balaganesh A.S ◽  
Chandar Shekar B
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Filter Paper Disk ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The sol-gel route synthesized LA-NPs were tested for antimicrobial properties against different human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The test organisms used were clinical isolates viz., Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella nemoniae and the human fungal pathogens like Candida albicans and Trichoderma viride. The LA- NPs achieved maximum activity against S. aureus compared with other three tested organisms such as S. pyogenes, E. coli and K. pneumonia. It also showed very good antimicrobial properties against studied fungi. At the concentration 1 mg/ml LA-NPs impregnated filter paper disk achieved maximum activity against human pathogen.

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