scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of a New Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ciji-Hua’ai-Baosheng II Formula, in Adult Rodent Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biqian Fu ◽  
Xiangyang Zhai ◽  
Shengyan Xi ◽  
Lifeng Yue ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medical

Background. Ciji-Hua’ai-Baosheng II Formula (CHB-II-F) is a new traditional Chinese medical formula that has been shown to reduce toxicity and side effects of chemotherapy and increase the probability of cancer patient survival. Whether CHB-II-F is safe as an adjunctive therapy for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy has yet to be determined. Purpose. To evaluate the acute and subchronic toxic effects of CHB-II-F in rodent models. Methods. In acute toxicity test, 24 Kunming mice were divided into 2 groups: untreated control and CHB-II-F 1.05 g/mL (31.44 g/kg) treated group. Treatment was administered to the treated group 3 times a day for 14 days. The overall health, adverse reactions, and mortality rate were documented. In subchronic toxicity test, 96 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: untreated control, high dose CHB-II-F (H) (26.20 g/kg), medium dose CHB-II-F (M) (13. 10 g/kg), and low dose CHB-II-F (L) (6.55 g/kg) [equal to 24.375 g (dried medicinal herb)/kg] treated groups. Treated groups were given the treatments once a day for 4 weeks. The overall health and mortality rate were recorded every day. Body weight and food consumption were measured once a week. Hematologic and biochemical parameters, organ weights, and histopathologic markers were analyzed after 4 weeks. An additional 2 weeks were given as the treatment recovery period before end-point euthanization, and biochemical analyses were performed. Results. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of CHB-II-F on mice was found to be 94.31 g/kg [equal to 351 g (dried medicinal herb)/kg], which is 108 times the human adult dose. In the acute toxicity test, administration of CHB-II-F 31.44 g/kg showed no adverse effect and did not cause mortality. In the subchronic toxicity test, after 4 weeks of treatment, compared to the controls, total cholesterol (TCHO) level, cardiac and splenic indexes, body weights of female rats, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the CHB-II-F (H) group were significantly increased; triglyceride (TG) in the CHB-II-F (M) group and liver and splenic indexes in the CHB-II-F (L) group were increased. After the two-week recovery period, biofluid analyses, food consumption, and histopathologic examinations showed no abnormalities. Conclusion. Administration of CHB-II-F had no obvious adverse effect on the overall health of rodent models. A daily maximum dose of less than 94.31 g/kg or 6.55 g/kg CHB-II-F for 4 continuous weeks was considered safe.

Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of “Tran Chau Nguu Hoang Hoan” in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Tran Thai Ha ◽  
Pham Thi Van Anh ◽  
Dao Xuan Tinh ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Hang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oral Doses

“Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” was prepared from 12 herbal ingredients. So far, the safety of this product, has not been reported yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of “Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by the method of Litchfield Wilcoxon in mice at the doses of 2.42 g/kg b.w/day to 6.04 g/kg b.w/day. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated followed the Guideline of WHO and OECD in rats with oral doses of 58.0 mg/kg b.w/day and 174.0 mg/kg b.w/day for 12 consecutive weeks. As a result, in the course of the acute toxicity test, the mice showed no abnormal sign or death. In terms of the subchonic toxicity test, hematological indexes, hepato-renal functions and microscopic images of liver and kidney were unchanged. In conclusion, “Tran chau nguu hoang hoan” does not appear to produce acute and subchronic toxicities in mice and rats.

Acute Toxicological Effects of Suspended Solids on the Zooplankton

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Wen Lin Cui ◽  
Wen Peng Song ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Zooplankton Growth

In this paper, the acute toxicity test was used to study the effects of different concentrations of suspended solids on the growth of zooplankton from Jiaozhou Bay. The experiment result showed that there had a significant impact of suspended solids on zooplankton growth and the mortality rate rose with the increasing concentration of suspended solids. The lethal concentration of 96h-LC50 was 60.172mg / L.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Activity of Seed Oil of Moringa oleifera (Lam.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Dada, Ebenezer Oluyemi ◽  
Abdulahi, Sikiru Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Group A

The study was carried out to determine the antiplasmodial activity of seed oil of Moringa oleifera extracted using n-hexane solvent. Acute toxicity test was carried out on twelve albino mice grouped into 3 according to seed oil concentrations (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively) with each group having four mice. Thirty-five mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and the mice were randomized into five groups of seven mice each (groups A, B, C, D and E) for antiplasmodial activity. Group A - negative control (non-treated), group B - positive control (chloroquine treated); group C (800 mg/kg), group D (400 mg/kg) and group E (200 mg/kg) of seed oil of Moringa oleifera. All groups were left untreated until after five days when 0.2 mL treatment dose for each group was administered. Treatment was carried out in four days and left for another five days for post treatment effect. The acute toxicity test showed that the seed oil of Moringa oleifera was safe and nontoxic to all mice. There was daily gradual reduction in PCV values; however group with the highest suppression of parasitemia had the highest PCV value after treatment. Group A as expected had the lowest PCV value of 22.23±1.98% which fell short of normal range (40 - 55%) and had its parasitemia load increased by 205% while in other groups, B, C, D and E the parasitemia had decreased by 100%, 97.02%, 90.48% and 67.65%respectively after treatment. Overall, the seed oil of M. oleifera at high concentrations showed a competitive parasite inhibition activity when compared with the result obtained in positive control group; however, few deaths recorded during and after treatment called for further investigation to determine its suitability for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Antidepressant and Sedative-hypnotic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Grewia asiatica Linn. Leaves in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Rasna Jebin ◽  
Md Islam Molla ◽  
Surid Mohammad Chowdhury ◽  
Md Rajdoula Rafe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Hypnotic Activity

Grewia asiatica (Family-Malvaceae), known as Phalsa in Bangladesh, is also native to India, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia and Thailand. The plant has a long history of traditional uses. The present investigation was designed to evaluate acute toxicity test, antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves of G. asiatica. In acute toxicity test, methanolic soluble fraction of the plant extract of G. asiatica showed no significant changes in the body weight between the control and treated group at the doses of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. The extract could not significantly reduce immobility time in comparison with control group and standard drug (Nortriptyline) treated group in forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Sedative-hypnotic activity was evident at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight after observing in hole board test. Sedative-hypnotic activity of short duration of action was also evident in hole cross and open field test. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 185-191, 2019

scholarly journals Dying for change: A roadmap to refine the fish acute toxicity test after 40 years of applying a lethal endpoint

2021 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 112585
Author(s):  
Ioanna Katsiadaki ◽  
Tim Ellis ◽  
Linda Andersen ◽  
Philipp Antczak ◽  
Ellen Blaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test

Ceriofast™: An acute toxicity test based onCeriodaphnia dubiafeeding behavior

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bitton ◽  
Kimberly Rhodes ◽  
Ben Koopman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test

Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1386-1389
Author(s):  
Zhuo Jun Chen ◽  
Long Long Feng ◽  
Bao Liang Li ◽  
Jin Jin Yue ◽  
Ying Liang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
S.B. Rahimah ◽  
Y. Kharisma ◽  
M.K. Dewi ◽  
J. Hartati ◽  
W. Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test

scholarly journals Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Fazlina Hashim ◽  
Irence John ◽  
Intan Faraha A Ghani ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Cyprinid Species ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

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