scholarly journals How Did Rumors on Twitter Diffuse and Change in Expression? An Investigation of the Process of Spreading Rumors on Twitter during the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morihiro Ogasahara ◽  
Hirotaka Kawashima ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Static Information ◽  
Ambiguous Situations

Twitter has been emerging as a major communication channels during disasters. The characteristics of Twitter—quickly and widely diffusing information and allowing every user to be an information transmitter—can be effective for problem solving in anxious and ambiguous situations such as disasters; however, false rumors on Twitter can be a serious problem. Rumor research has suggested that rumors are a kind of collective sense-making when mass media cannot provide people with enough information (e.g., during disasters). Furthermore, the expression of the rumor changes during the process of spreading. This study investigated the data of 187 thousand tweets related to the Cosmo Oil rumor during the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011 and analyzed the change in Twitter expressions and the collective sense-making process during this catastrophe. The results of this study suggest that collective sense-making is rare in diffused tweets, partly because of the gatekeeping role of hubs (i.e., users who have many followers on Twitter). Rumor discussion on Twitter during disasters might be suitable for broadcasting static information than for collective sense-making.

scholarly journals Sociality of Journalism and Mass Media:Methodological Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
Sergey Korkonosenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Social

The concept of sociality in respect to journalism and mass media has not been studied in detail. Meanwhile, it is a significant and detached characteristic which deserves targeted studying. In social science, sociality is determined as interaction between people based on shared values. The author correlates this definition with academic views on the social function of journalism, as well as tries to find the balance between IT factors and social factors in the current period of evolution of journalism. Special attention is given to the integrative role of journalism in everyday life. In the context of of sociality, journalism and mass media are considered societal phenomena, taking into account all clarifications of typological features of certain mass media and other communication channels. The article provides a review of research papers on the topic, including national and foreign publications. The aim is to study the content and determine trends in the development of sociality of journalism and mass media. The key methodology applied by the author is a combination of institutional and socio-cultural approaches to studying socialtity. The first one emphasizes orderliness of social relationships, whereas the second focuses on particular attributes of people’s community that make up the content of social life. The socio-cultural view on sociality helps to identify peculiarities of journalism culture in a country, namely, in Russia, where it derives from the social diversity and multi-cultural environment. The research enables the author to make certain inferences regarding the growing influence of journalism and mass media on the way social interaction is organized.

Development of a framework to capture abstraction in physical chemistry problem solving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Marie Karch ◽  
Hannah Sevian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chemistry Problem

Productive problem solving, concept construction, and sense making occur through the core process of abstraction. Although the capacity for domain-general abstraction is developed at a young age, the role of...

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

Place of media in the formula of national consensus: Kazakhstan experience// Social Sciences: Achievements and Prospects Journal 2(10), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Mark Freeman - Barcelona, Spain. 16.02.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 90-94.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Viktorovna Ashenova
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
European Academy ◽  
National Consensus

The article discusses the role of mass media in creating and supporting a tolerant, democratic society in a country that is multi-ethnic and multi-religious.В статье рассматривается роль СМИ в вопросе создания и поддержки толерантного, демократического общества в стране, отличающейся полиэтничностью и поликонфессиональностью.Ключевые слова: мультикультурное общество; толерантность; национальное согласие; СМИ; информационные риски

Improving the questions we ask, with Psychology and Cognitive Conflict.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Buttliere
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Science In Society

Over the last decade, there have been many suggestions to improve how scientists answer their questions, but far fewer attempt to improve the questions scientists are asking in the first place. The goal of the paper is then to examine and summarize synthesize the evidence on how to ask the best questions possible. First is a brief review of the philosophical and empirical literature on how the best science is done, which implicitly but not explicitly mentions the role of psychology and especially cognitive conflict. Then we more closely focus on the psychology of the scientist, finding that they are humans, engaged in a meaning making process, and that cognitive conflict is a necessary input for any learning or change in the system. The scientific method is, of course, a specialized meaning making process. We present evidence for this central role of cognitive conflict in science by examining the most discussed scientific papers between 2013 and 2017, which are, in general, controversial and about big problems (e.g., whether vaccines cause autism, how often doctors kill us with their mistakes). Toward the end we discuss the role of science in society, suggesting science itself is an uncertainty reducing and problem solving enterprise. From this basis we encourage scientists to take riskier stances on bigger topics, for the good of themselves and society generally.

The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Justin Peter Brienza ◽  
Mengxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
And Training ◽  
Contextual Differences

Interest in wisdom in the cognitive sciences, psychology, and education has been paralleled by conceptual confusions about its nature and assessment. To clarify these issues and promote consensus in the field, wisdom researchers met in Toronto in July of 2019, resolving disputes through discussion. Guided by a survey of scientists who study wisdom-related constructs, we established a common wisdom model, observing that empirical approaches to wisdom converge on the morally-grounded application of metacognition to reasoning and problem-solving. After outlining the function of relevant metacognitive and moral processes, we critically evaluate existing empirical approaches to measurement and offer recommendations for best practices. In the subsequent sections, we use the common wisdom model to selectively review evidence about the role of individual differences for development and manifestation of wisdom, approaches to wisdom development and training, as well as cultural, subcultural, and social-contextual differences. We conclude by discussing wisdom’s conceptual overlap with a host of other constructs and outline unresolved conceptual and methodological challenges.

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