scholarly journals Postprandial Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses after Consumption of Activated Wheat and Triticale Grain Flakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laila Meija ◽  
Guna Havensone ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Increasing evidence shows that whole grain consumption is protective against metabolic disorders. Protective bioactive substances of whole grains include fibre and antioxidants. Activation of grains can increase the amount of phenolic compounds and their bioavailability, but there is little evidence about their effect on glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate glycaemic and insulinemic responses after consumption of flakes made from activated wheat and activated triticale grains. Eighteen healthy subjects (7 men and 11 women) were given activated wheat or activated triticale flakes. As a reference, a standard glucose solution was used. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were measured during 120 minutes. Both, activated wheat and activated triticale flakes, show improved glycaemic profile, inducing a lower and more stable glycaemic response. However, statistically significant differences in insulin response were found only in the group who have taken activated triticale flakes and not in the group who have taken activated wheat flakes. Activated triticale flakes induced lower insulin response in all postprandial phases and a more stable concentration of insulin. Thus, activated triticale flakes could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsi Xie ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Rong Tsao ◽  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Baoguo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Important Food Source

Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Attenuation of glycaemic and insulin responses following tapioca resistant maltodextrin consumption in healthy subjects: a randomised cross-over controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaida Astina ◽  
Suwimol Sapwarobol
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tolerability ◽  
Resistant Maltodextrin

Abstract Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) from various sources of starch has been extensively studied. However, studies which reported the effects of tapioca RMD (TRM) on glucose and insulin response are lacking. This study investigated the effect of TRM on postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin in healthy subjects. Additionally, satiety and gastrointestinal tolerability were also evaluated. Sixteen healthy participants received five different treatments on five separate days. Participants received 50 g of either: glucose (GL), tapioca maltodextrin (TM), TRM, MIX15% (7⋅5 g TRM + 42⋅5 g TM) or MIX50% (25 g TRM + 25 g TM). Plasma glucose, serum insulin and subjective appetite responses were measured postprandially over 180 min. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire before and after each test day. Results showed that at 30 min after treatment drinks, plasma glucose after TRM was significantly lowest (104⋅60 (sem 2⋅63 mg/dl) than after GL (135⋅87 (sem 4⋅88) mg/dl; P <0⋅001), TM (127⋅93 (sem 4⋅05) mg/dl; P = 0⋅001), MIX15% (124⋅67 (sem 5⋅73) mg/dl; P = 0⋅039) and MIX50% (129⋅33 (sem 5⋅23) mg/dl; P = 0⋅003) (1 mg/dl = 0⋅0555 mmol/l). In addition, TRM also significantly reduced serum insulin (13⋅01 (sem 2⋅12) μIU/ml) compared with GL (47⋅90 (sem 11⋅93) μIU/ml; P = 0⋅013), TM (52⋅96 (sem 17⋅68) μIU/ml; P = 0⋅002) and MIX50% (33⋅16 (sem 4⋅99) μIU/ml; P = 0⋅008). However, there were no significant differences in subjective appetite between treatments (P > 0⋅05). A single high dose of TRM (50 g) caused flatulence (P < 0⋅05). Tapioca resistant maltodextrin has low digestibility in the small intestine and, therefore, reduced incremental plasma glucose and serum insulin, without affecting satiety in healthy subjects over 180 min. Gastrointestinal tolerability of TRM should be considered when consumed in high doses.

scholarly journals Glycaemic Profile and Insulin Response after Consuming Triticale Flakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-439
Author(s):  
Guna Havensone ◽  
Laila Meija ◽  
Līga Balode ◽  
Ieviņa Stūrīte ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Healthy Young People ◽  
Cereal Product ◽  
Solution Intake

Abstract Daily intake of cereal fibre reduces incidence and progression of metabolic diseases. Very little is known on how triticale (Triticosecale) influences human health and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate glycaemic and insulin response in blood after consuming whole grain triticale cereal flakes. A group of twelve healthy, young people, aged from 18 to 30 years participated in the test. The participants in fasted state were given equivalent carbohydrate amounts of triticale cereal and reference food (glucose solution). Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured according to Brouns et al. (2005). Whole grain triticale cereal flakes elicited lower metabolic responses compared to glucose solution. Intake of the triticale cereal flakes induced significantly lower incremental insulin area (iAUC 0–120 min) 1672.9 ± 619.85 than glucose solution 2646.65 ± 1260.56 and showed lower insulinemic indices (II) 68 ± 19.0 (p < 0.05). A low insulin incremental peak was associated with less severe late post-prandial hypoglycaemia. Our study showed that triticale cereal product caused low acute insulinemic response and improved glycaemic profiles, similarly to the rye products studied before. The results also suggested that the triticale cereal flakes could have beneficial appetite regulating properties. Thus, triticale flakes would be a wonderful option for functional breakfast cereal mixtures that might influence course of metabolic syndrome prevention

Hypothalamic monoamines associated with the cephalic phase insulin response

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. E236-E241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Holmes ◽  
L. H. Storlien ◽  
G. A. Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Feeding Control

This study elucidated the hypothalamic monoamine systems associated with the cephalic phase insulin release. Male Wistar rats conditioned to drink a glucose solution were killed 2 min after the onset of their scheduled feeding; control rats were killed at the same time. The ventromedial (VMH) and lateral (LH) portions of the hypothalamus were analyzed for the monoamines and their principal metabolites. Serum was assayed for insulin and glucose. The results showed that the experimental animals had significantly higher serum insulin levels than did the control animals, although glucose levels were unchanged. In the LH, there were increased levels of norepinephrine, its metabolite dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DHPG), and serotonin [(5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]. In the VMH, 5-HT, its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were all higher in the conditioned animals. 5-HT levels in the LH and DOPAC levels in the VMH were closely associated with serum insulin (r = 0.80 and 0.71, respectively). This study has defined, in the normal animal, changes in monoamines in specific areas of the hypothalamus associated with the cephalic phase insulin release.

Serum insulin response to slow-rise glucose infusion in "genetic prediabetics" (offspring of two diabetic parents)

Diabetes ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Tan ◽  
R. F. Williams ◽  
J. S. Soeldner ◽  
R. E. Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Slow Rise

scholarly journals The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka E. Taskinen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background/objectives Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Subjects/methods The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53–73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999–2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses. Results The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02–0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08–0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

scholarly journals A Mini Review of Plant-Based Diets in Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Léonie Dupuis ◽  
Amanda Brown-Tortorici ◽  
Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh ◽  
Shivam Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Plant-based diets are defined as an eating pattern focused on the consumption of unprocessed fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, oils, and beans. They can include various forms of vegetarian, vegan, DASH, and Mediterranean diets. Plant-based diets have proven useful in the prevention and treatment of several lifestyle diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Recently, a growing body of literature has emerged regarding plant-based diets for patients with kidney failure, including those on dialysis. Although evidence is still limited, preliminary findings are encouraging. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> This article reviews current literature on the use of plant-based diets in the treatment of patients on dialysis.

scholarly journals Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain intake, are not associated with progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M McKeown ◽  
Adela Hruby ◽  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
David M Herrington ◽  
Alice H Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma alkyresorcinol (AR) concentrations, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, and atherosclerotic progression over 3 years in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease.DesignPlasma AR concentrations were measured by a validated GC–MS method in fasting plasma samples. Atherosclerosis progression was assessed using change in mean minimal coronary artery diameter (MCAD) and percentage diameter stenosis (%ST), based on mean proximal vessel diameter across up to ten coronary segments. Dietary intake was estimated using a 126-item interviewer-administered FFQ.SettingA prospective study of postmenopausal women participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial.SubjectsFor the analysis of plasma AR concentrations and atherosclerotic progression, plasma samples and follow-up data on angiography were available for 182 women.ResultsMean whole-grain intake was 9·6 (se 0·6) servings per week. After multivariate adjustment, no significant associations were observed between plasma AR concentrations and change in mean MCAD or progression of %ST. Plasma AR concentrations were significantly correlated with dietary whole grains (r=0·35, P<0·001), cereal fibre (r=0·33, P<0·001), bran (r=0·15, P=0·05), total fibre (r=0·22, P=0·003) and legume fibre (r=0·15, P=0·04), but not refined grains, fruit fibre or vegetable fibre.ConclusionsPlasma AR concentrations were not significantly associated with coronary artery progression over a 3-year period in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. A moderate association was observed between plasma AR concentrations and dietary whole grains and cereal fibre, suggesting it may be a useful biomarker in observational studies.

scholarly journals Diets rich in whole grains increase betainized compounds associated with glucose metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Kärkkäinen ◽  
Maria A Lankinen ◽  
Marilena Vitale ◽  
Jenna Jokkala ◽  
Jukka Leppänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diets rich in whole grains are associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these beneficial metabolic effects are poorly understood. Objective Our aim was to investigate novel trimethylated (betainized) compounds from mice and humans, and their association with whole grain–rich diets and insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Design Fasting plasma samples were obtained in a mouse (C57BL/6J male) feeding trial and a controlled dietary intervention. The mouse trial involved feeding the mice a rye and wheat bran–enriched feed which was compared with a high-fat diet. In the human trial, participants recruited from Kuopio, Finland (n = 69) and Naples, Italy (n = 54) with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to either a whole grain–enriched diet or a control diet for 12 wk. Plasma concentrations of betainized compounds were analyzed with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Insulin resistance and insulin secretion were assessed in an oral-glucose-tolerance test and a meal-glucose-tolerance test. Results The betaines that were increased in mouse plasma after bran-enriched feeding were identified de novo via chemical synthesis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and confirmed to be associated with an increased intake of whole-grain products in humans. In particular, the concentrations of pipecolic acid betaine were increased at the end of the whole-grain intervention in both the Kuopio cohort (P < 0.001) and the Naples cohort (P < 0.05), and these concentrations inversely correlated with the postprandial glucose concentration. Furthermore, the concentration of valine betaine was substantially increased during the intervention in Naples (P < 0.001) with an inverse correlation with the postprandial insulin concentration. In addition, the concentrations of other betaines, e.g., glycine betaine and proline betaine, correlated with glucose and insulin concentrations at the end of the intervention. Conclusions Novel betainized compounds in humans are associated with diets rich in whole grains, and they improve insulin resistance and insulin secretion. These results suggest that these novel compounds may contribute to the beneficial effects of whole grain–rich diets. The studies were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00945854 (Naples) and NCT00573781 (Kuopio).

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