scholarly journals Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsi Xie ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Rong Tsao ◽  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Baoguo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Important Food Source

Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka E. Taskinen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background/objectives Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Subjects/methods The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53–73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999–2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses. Results The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02–0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08–0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.

scholarly journals Whole grain, bran and cereal fibre consumption and CVD: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 914-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden M. Barrett ◽  
Marijka J. Batterham ◽  
Sumantra Ray ◽  
Eleanor J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Grain Foods ◽  
Whole Grain Cereal

AbstractWhole grain intake is associated with lower CVD risk in epidemiological studies. It is unclear to what extent cereal fibre, located primarily within the bran, is responsible. This review aimed to evaluate association between intake of whole grain, cereal fibre and bran and CVD risk. Academic databases were searched for human studies published before March 2018. Observational studies reporting whole grain and cereal fibre or bran intake in association with any CVD-related outcome were included. Studies were separated into those defining whole grain using a recognised definition (containing the bran, germ and endosperm in their natural proportions) (three studies, seven publications) and those using an alternative definition, such as including added bran as a whole grain source (eight additional studies, thirteen publications). Intake of whole grain, cereal fibre and bran were similarly associated with lower risk of CVD-related outcomes. Within the initial analysis, where studies used the recognised whole grain definition, results were less likely to show attenuation after adjustment for cereal fibre content. The fibre component of grain foods appears to play an important role in protective effects of whole grains. Adjusting for fibre content, associations remained, suggesting that additional components within the whole grain, and the bran component, may contribute to cardio-protective association. The limited studies and considerable discrepancy in defining and calculating whole grain intake limit conclusions. Future research should utilise a consistent definition and methodical approach of calculating whole grain intake to contribute to a greater body of consistent evidence surrounding whole grains.

scholarly journals Whole grains and human health

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, CVD, diabetes, and obesity. Despite recommendations to consume three servings of whole grains daily, usual intake in Western countries is only about one serving/d. Whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals with known health benefits. Whole grains have high concentrations of dietary fibre, resistant starch, and oligosaccharides. Whole grains are rich in antioxidants including trace minerals and phenolic compounds and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Other protective compounds in whole grains include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. Published whole-grain feeding studies report improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood-lipid improvement, and antioxidant protection. Although it is difficult to separate the protective properties of whole grains from dietary fibre and other components, the disease protection seen from whole grains in prospective epidemiological studies far exceeds the protection from isolated nutrients and phytochemicals in whole grains.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanga Selvakumar ◽  
Aja Badgeley ◽  
Paige Murphy ◽  
Hina Anwar ◽  
Urvashi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Anti Cancer

Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid’s anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.

scholarly journals Postprandial Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses after Consumption of Activated Wheat and Triticale Grain Flakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laila Meija ◽  
Guna Havensone ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Increasing evidence shows that whole grain consumption is protective against metabolic disorders. Protective bioactive substances of whole grains include fibre and antioxidants. Activation of grains can increase the amount of phenolic compounds and their bioavailability, but there is little evidence about their effect on glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate glycaemic and insulinemic responses after consumption of flakes made from activated wheat and activated triticale grains. Eighteen healthy subjects (7 men and 11 women) were given activated wheat or activated triticale flakes. As a reference, a standard glucose solution was used. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were measured during 120 minutes. Both, activated wheat and activated triticale flakes, show improved glycaemic profile, inducing a lower and more stable glycaemic response. However, statistically significant differences in insulin response were found only in the group who have taken activated triticale flakes and not in the group who have taken activated wheat flakes. Activated triticale flakes induced lower insulin response in all postprandial phases and a more stable concentration of insulin. Thus, activated triticale flakes could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Potential mechanisms for this protection are diverse since whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. First, whole grains are concentrated sources of dietary fibre, resistant starch and oligosaccharides, carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small intestine and are fermented in the gut, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA lower colonic pH, serve as an energy source for the colonocytes and may alter blood lipids. These improvements in the gut environment may provide immune protection beyond the gut. Second, whole grains are rich in antioxidants, including trace minerals and phenolic compounds, and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Additionally, whole grains mediate insulin and glucose responses. Although lower glycaemic load and glycaemic index have been linked to diabetes and obesity, risk of cancers such as colon and breast cancer have also been linked to high intake of readily-available carbohydrate. Finally, whole grains contain many other compounds that may protect against chronic disease. These compunds include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. As a consequence of the traditional models of conducting nutrition studies on isolated nutrients, few studies exist on the biological effects of increased whole-grain intake. The few whole-grain feeding studies that are available show improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood lipid improvement and antioxidant protection.

scholarly journals Rye, lignans and human health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Hallmans ◽  
Jie-Xian Zhang ◽  
Eva Lundin ◽  
PäR Stattin ◽  
Anders Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Plant Lignans

Rye bran contains a high content not only of dietary fibre, but also of plant lignans and other bioactive compounds in the so-called dietary fibre complex. Blood concentrations of lignans such as enterolactone have been used as biomarkers of intake of lignan-rich plant food. At present, evidence from studies in human subjects does not warrant the conclusion that rye, whole grains or phyto-oestrogens protect against cancer. Some studies, however, have pointed in that direction, especially in relation to cancers of the upper digestive tract. A number of prospective epidemiological studies have clearly shown a protective effect of whole-grain cereals against myocardial infarctions. A corresponding protective effect against diabetes and ischaemic stroke (brain infarct) has also been demonstrated. It seems reasonable to assume that these protective effects are associated with one or more factors in the dietary fibre complex.

scholarly journals The Association between Whole Grain Products Consumption and Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of MEDIS and ATTICA Epidemiological Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Foscolou ◽  
Nathan M. D’Cunha ◽  
Nenad Naumovski ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Index ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Old Men

The quality of carbohydrates in the diet, including whole grains, matters greatly to health. There is emerging evidence supporting various protective effects from whole grain consumption against certain chronic diseases. However, being free of disease is not a requirement for healthy ageing, as many older adults have one or more health conditions but, when well controlled, have little influence on their wellbeing. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between whole grain consumption on successful aging, through an analysis of a sample of n = 3349, over-50-years-old men and women participating in the ATTICA and MEDIS population-based cross-sectional studies. Successful aging was evaluated using the validated successful aging index (SAI, range 0–10) comprising of health-related social, lifestyle and clinical components. High whole grain intake was positively associated with SAI as compared with low (b ± SE: 0.278 ± 0.091, p = 0.002), whereas no significant associations were observed between moderate whole grain consumption and SAI (p > 0.05). Increased whole grain intake has been associated with several health benefits, and, as is shown here, with higher successful aging levels. Therefore, consumption of whole grains should be encouraged, especially by replacing refined grains, without increasing total energy intake.

scholarly journals Involvement of NRF2 in Breast Cancer and Possible Therapeutical Role of Polyphenols and Melatonin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Alev Tascioglu Aliyev ◽  
Emiliano Panieri ◽  
Višnja Stepanić ◽  
Hande Gurer-Orhan ◽  
Luciano Saso
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in favor of the former and a loss of control over redox signaling processes, leading to potential biomolecular damage. It is involved in the etiology of many diseases, varying from diabetes to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor and reported as one of the most important oxidative stress regulators. Due to its regulatory role in the expression of numerous cytoprotective genes involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, the modulation of NRF2 seems to be a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Breast cancer is the prevalent type of tumor in women and is the leading cause of death among female cancers. Oxidative stress-related mechanisms are known to be involved in breast cancer, and therefore, NRF2 is considered to be beneficial in its prevention. However, its overactivation may lead to a negative clinical impact on breast cancer therapy by causing chemoresistance. Some known “oxidative stress modulators”, such as melatonin and polyphenols, are suggested to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, where the activation of NRF2 is reported as a possible underlying mechanism. In the present review, the potential involvement of oxidative stress and NRF2 in breast cancer will be reviewed, and the role of the NRF2 modulators—namely, polyphenols and melatonin—in the treatment of breast cancer will be discussed.

Modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of alterations in reproductive health in women with somatoform disorders and autonomic homeostasis

2016 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Vl.V. Podolsky ◽  
◽  
V.V. Podolsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Artificial Abortion

The objective: the developing of a system of preventive measures and principles of pregravid preparation for women with somatoform disorders and violation of autonomic homeostasis (VAH), in which observed changes in reproductive health (CRH) in the shape of states after undergoing artificial abortion, infertility and uterine fibroids. Patients and methods. Conducted clinical and epidemiological studies in the population of women of fertile age (WFA) allowed identifying for further examination of women with CRH in the form of state after undergoing artificial abortion, infertility and uterine fibroids in women with VAH. Further women were examined, in particular the conducted clinical and instrumental methods of research; determined the state of autonomic homeostasis and psycho emotional health of the biotopes of the organism, immunity; analyzed the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle; performed genetic studies and determined the morphofunctional state of reproductive system. Results. The most frequent complications during pregnancy in women who had CRH in history in the form of abortions, infertility and uterine fibroids and in the background of the PAF, there was a threat of interruption of pregnancy (often in I and II trimester – 56%) and preterm delivery (21%). The study of the catamnesis of further reproductive health found that in the case of well-conducted therapeutic measures in women undergoing artificial abortion, had infertility and uterine leiomyoma in the background of VAH, restore reproductive function, and in 82% of cases occurred a pregnancy. Conclusion. The the provided study of reproductive health, and state of various organs and systems of fertile aged women with somatoform disorders and violations of the autonomic homeostasis allowed to develop preventive measures for these women and pregravid preparation with the inclusion to the therapy Magnesium and vitamins (Magne-В6®). Key words: somatoform disorders, violation of autonomic homeostasis, changes in reproductive health, prevention and treatment, women of fertile age, Magne-В6®.

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