scholarly journals Radiation Degradation of β-Glucan Extracted from Brewer’s Yeast for Enhancing Growth Promotion and Immunostimulant Activities on Broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Long ◽  
Tran Le Truc Ha ◽  
Hoang Nghia Son ◽  
Le Quang Luan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Radiation Degradation ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Body

Water-soluble low molecular weight β-glucan (WSLMG) was successfully prepared via γ-irradiation of insoluble β-glucan extracted from brewer’s yeast cell walls. The WSLMG content in an irradiated sample increased as the irradiation dose increased. The WSLMGs with a molecular weight (Mw) of 49, 25, and 11 kDa, obtained at correlative doses of 100, 200, and 300 kGy, respectively, were tested using growth promotion and immune stimulant effects in broilers. Supplementation with 500 ppm WSLMGs not only increased the survival rate (33.3%) and average body weight (40%) but also reduced the feed conversion rate (35.4%) in tested broilers. In addition, WSLMGs enhanced both nonspecific and specific immune components in the blood of supplemented broilers. The WSLMG with Mw ~25 kDa showed the highest effect on the growth performance and immunomodulatory capability in the immune systems of the tested broilers. In conclusion, this product demonstrates substantial promise as an immunostimulant and growth-promoting additive for poultry.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the immunity and body weight gain in broiler by feeding with the brewer’s yeast β-glucan degraded by gamma Co-60 radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Quang Luan Le ◽  
Thanh Long Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

The insoluble β-glucan extracted from the cell wall of brewer’s yeast was dispersed in deionized water for swelling, then irradiated in order to degrade into water-soluble β-glucan. The results revealed that the water-soluble β-glucan contents in the irradiated samples were increased with radiation dose to 25.89, 49.07 and 66.71%; whereas their molecular weight (Mw) decreased to 48.1, 23.0 and 10.8 kDa by gamma irradiation at 100, 200 and 300 kGy, respectively. The supplementation of poultry feed with the radiation degraded β-glucan enhanced both non-specific (total white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrocytes) and specific immune components (anti-Newcastle disease, anti-Gumboro disease virus and anti-infectious bronchitis virus antibodies) in the broilers. In comparison with the control, broiler fed normal poultry foodstuff without β-glucan, the supplementation of radiation degraded β-glucan not only increased the survival rate of the testing broiler about 33.3% and their average body weight of about 24.4%, but also reduced the feed conversion rate from 4.8 to 3.1 kg. The β-glucan oligosaccharides that having Mw of about 25 kDa produced by gamma irradiation at 200 kGy showed the highest effect on the growth performance and immunomodulatory capability in the immune system of the testing broilers. This product is promising to be applied for production of the safe stimulator of immunity for broiler chickens.

UNIDENTIFIED GROWTH FACTORS IN BREWER'S YEAST: II. SOME CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE FACTORS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Charbonneau ◽  
André Lemonde
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Strong Acids

Brewer's yeast contains some unknown growth factors necessary for the normal development of Tribolium confusum. These factors, destroyed by ashing, are organic substances insoluble in ethanol, ether, and benzene. Temperatures as high as 125 °C do not affect their activity. At 150 °C, the growth-promoting effect is decreased. These factors are destroyed by strong acids and slightly affected by strong alkalis. Maximum growth stimulation is obtained between pH 6.0 and 8.8. The presence in water-soluble yeast fraction of a growth-promoting factor is confirmed. The water-insoluble part contains one or many unidentified growth factors.

Relation of glucose tolerance factor to impaired intravenous glucose tolerance of rats on stock diets

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Mertz ◽  
Klaus Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Factor

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were made on male Sprague-Dawley rats, raised on different diets. Two natural diets (McCollum's wheat-casein ration and table scraps) produced glucose removal rates of around 4%/min. or more. In rats raised on three commercial pelleted stock rations (Purina, Hunt Club, Rockland) as well as on a semipurified Torula yeast diet, low glucose removal rates of 2.5–2.8%/min. were consistently detected after 20 or more days of feeding. The results are related to the contents, in the investigated diets, of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF), a recently described, water soluble dietary agent of low molecular weight. Development of low glucose removal rates is prevented by dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast, or with GTF concentrates from brewer's yeast or pork kidney powder. The fully developed impairment is cured within 1–2 weeks by the addition of GTF concentrates to the diet. It is also reconstituted to normal within 18 hours after stomach tubing of GTF fractions of widely different degrees of purification. This curative procedure is being used as a 24-hour test for GTF.

scholarly journals Growth rate and carcass traits in three genotypes of capons

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tercic ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Volk ◽  
A. Holcman
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of capons (castrated cockerels) from three breeds/strains locally presented in Slovenia and Austria were investigated. Growth and feed consumption data were collected for a 156-d and 199-d period, when randomly chosen animals were slaughtered and their carcasses dissected. The feed conversion rate in barred Prelux, Sulmtaler and Styrian capons for the whole growing period was 6.24 kg, 6.32 kg and 7.53 kg, respectively. Average body weight in barred Prelux and Styrian capons increased only in the first 156 days of age, but not further on. Cumulative mortality rate in Sulmtaler capons was 19.05 % and was 2.7- to 4.4-fold higher as compared with Styrian and barred Prelux capons (6.90 % and 4.31 % respectively). Sulmtaler capons had the lowest abdominal fat content. Barred Prelux capons, as compared to capons from other two breeds were characterized by higher pre-slaughter weight, higher carcass weight and higher dressing out percentages. This indicates that the layer type barred Prelux cockerels have a potential to be as capons put to profitable use.

Fresh brewer's yeast slurry as a supplementary nitrogen source for cattle given native pasture hay or grain-based diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
PJ Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Protein Levels

Two experiments evaluated brewer's yeast slurry [mean (� s.d.) dry matter (DM) 9.7 � 3.8% and nitrogen (N) content 45.6 � 19.5 gkg DM] as a source of dietary protein for steers on a low N hay diet (experiment 1) and as a low cost supply of protein in a feedlot diet (experiment 2). Experiment 1 was an attempt to improve the N supply to rumen microflora, and total protein to the intestine. There was no improvement in liveweight gain of steers, or in their feed conversion efficiency (FCE), when up to 4.4 kg of yeast slurry (i.e. 423 g DM) was added to the basal diet. Mean (� s.e.) liveweight gain of non-supplemented steers was 402 f 13 1 g/day, with a mean (� s.e.m.) FCE of 12.2 � 1.9 kg DM intake/kg liveweight gain. There was a significant (P<0.05) improvement in liveweight gain (714 g/day) and FCE (7.8 kg DM intake/kg liveweight gain) when cottonseed meal, included as a positive control treatment, was added to the hay diet; however, N intake was higher in this diet (97.7 g/day) than in those based on yeast slurry (range 43.6-62.3 g/day). Experiment 2 was designed to assess the suitability of yeast slurry for replacing cottonseed meal and lucerne chaff as a protein source in grain-based feedlot diets. Yeast slurry did not significantly increase liveweight gain of steers, but when 1 diet with 61% yeast slurry (percentage fed, range 0-71.4%) was excluded from the evaluation, increased dietary proportions of yeast were associated with increased liveweight gains (r = 0.99) and carcass yield (r = 0.89). The range in slurry DM contents (4.8-15.6%) required close monitoring, with daily changes made to the amounts of slurry offered to maintain dietary N and protein levels in the experiments. This range would make it difficult for commercial feed compounders to produce a diet of consistent quality.

scholarly journals A fraction derived from brewer's yeast inhibits cholesterol synthesis by rat liver preparations in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Holdsworth ◽  
D. V. Kaufman ◽  
E. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Brewer's yeast was grown on a defined medium containing tracer51Cr with or without added chromium. The two batches of yeast contained 10 μg/g (high-Cr) or 80 ng/g (low-Cr). Extracts were prepared and fractionated. A third batch of yeast (third batch) was grown with added Cr, and fractionated. Rats were reared on either rat cubes (normal diet) or on a low-Cr diet (low-Cr), or on rat cubes with added cholestyramine (cholestyramine diet). Preparations of rat liver, both cell-free and intact hepatocytes, incorporated acetate-carbon into fatty acids and cholesterol. These processes were inhibited by a yeast fraction containing small, neutral, water-soluble compounds. The degree of inhibition was the same whether the liver came from normal rats or rats fed on the low-Cr diet. Similarly the inhibitory effect was found with identical amounts of extracts from low- or high-Cr yeasts. Therefore, Cr compounds do not appear to account for the inhibitory effects of brewer's yeast. Use of other substrates indicated that the site of inhibition of sterol synthesis was apparently between acetyl-CoA and mevalonate. One inhibitory substance was isolated from yeast and was found to be nicotinamide riboside. This may have been produced from NAD(P) during the preparation of yeast extracts, and it may be produced from dietary yeast supplements during digestion in vivo. Nicotinamide riboside may be partly responsible for the reported effects of yeast supplements on plasma lipids in humans.

Growth performance and spleen and bursa weight of broilers fed yeast beta-glucan

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Rathgeber ◽  
K. L. Budgell ◽  
J. L. MacIsaac ◽  
M. A. Mirza ◽  
K. L. Doncaster
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Growth Promoting

This study evaluated the efficacy of a yeast beta-glucan product (YBG) as a growth-promoting feed ingredient for broilers. Two trials were conducted with day-old chicks assigned to 24 pens (38 birds/pen) and one of three diets: no growth promotant, virginiamycin, or YBG. On days 14 and 38, two birds per pen were euthanized and the spleen and bursa of Fabricius were removed. In the first trial, body weights of birds from each treatment were the same until 38 d, when control birds were smaller (P < 0.05). In the second trial, 38-d body weights were the same for all treatments. A third trial was conducted with half the number of pens per treatment. In the third trial, controls were smaller than YBG at 38 d, but not smaller than virginiamycin. Feed conversion was not affected by diet in trials 2 and 3 but for trial 1 the control birds had poorer conversion than virginiamycin (P < 0.05), but not worse than YBG. Spleen weights were not different between treatment groups. Bursa weights decreased with age for all treatments in trials 2 and 3, but not in trial 1 for controls. These results indicate that YBG is as effective as virginiamycin in promoting growth of broiler chickens. Key words: Broiler chicken, antibiotic, yeast, beta-glucan, growth promotion

scholarly journals Use of brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in broiler feeds to replace corn gluten meal with or without probiotic additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Georgeta Ciurescu ◽  
Mihaela Dumitru ◽  
Anca Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Corn Gluten

Abstract This study was intended to assess the effect of graded replacements of corn gluten meal with Brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), with and without Bacillus megaterium supplementation, on performance, carcass characteristics, and the gut broilers microflora composition. A total of 720 mixed sex one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six dietary treatment groups (6 replicates each) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, including 3 levels of Brewer’s yeast (BY; 0, 25, and 50%, to replace corn gluten meal; CGM) in the presence (+) or absence (−) of B. megaterium used as probiotic (Pro). The results showed that broilers fed diets containing BY up to 25% had comparable body weight (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) to the birds fed only CGM, over the entire feeding period (days 1–35). Conversely, higher levels of BY (50% replacing CGM) registered the lowest BWG values (P < 0.001) and impaired FCR (P < 0.010), but without effects on FI. The BY diets did not significantly affect the main broiler’s carcass traits. The diets with Pro did not involve modifications on carcass and organs size, but a tendency to increase the gizzard weight (P = 0.094) and to decrease SIL (P = 0.076) was observed. Pro addition also, reduced the cecal pH (P = 0.040) and diminish the total coliforms (P < 0.010), Clostridium spp. (P < 0.0001), and E. coli (P < 0.0001) count, whereas LAB, Bacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. bacteria were increased (P = 0.022; P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively).

scholarly journals Performance ofClarias gariepinusFed Dried Brewer’s Yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)Slurry in Replacement for Soybean Meal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shola Gabriel Solomon ◽  
Gabriel Arome Ataguba ◽  
Gabriel Enemona Itodo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Following disparity of earlier results, this study tested the performance of African catfishClarias gariepinusfed dried brewer’s yeast slurry meal (DBYM) based diets. Fingerlings ofC. gariepinuswith pooled mean initial weight of1.58±0.01 g were stocked in hapas (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) immersed in an earthen pond at a density of 15 fish per cage. Five diets with increasing substitution of soybean meal with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of dried brewer’s yeast and a control without dried brewer’s yeast (0% substitution) were evaluated for 8 weeks. Palatability of diets reduced with increasing levels of DBYM. Growth and utilization parameters such as weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate differed significantly (p<0.05) among treated groups. Specific growth rate decreased with increasing substitution while the best feed conversion ratio was obtained in the diet devoid of DBYM. Protein efficiency and utilization decreased with increasing levels of DBYM. Body composition was also affected by inclusion of DBYM with significant differences (p<0.05) being observed across the diets. The trend in body composition follows the utilization of the diets. We conclude that the optimal range of inclusion and substitution of soybean meal with DBYM inC. gariepinusfeed is between 1% and 14% of dry matter.

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