scholarly journals Exosome: A Novel Nanocarrier Delivering Noncoding RNA for Bone Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Keda Liu ◽  
Nanjue Cao ◽  
Yuhe Zhu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Extracellular Stimuli ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Recovery

Bone growth and metabolism are mainly regulated by a series of intracellular molecules and extracellular stimuli. Exosome, as a nanoscale substance secreted to the outside of the cells, plays an extensive role in intercellular communication. This review provides theoretical references and evidences for further exploration of exosomes as noncoding RNA carriers to regulate bone tissue recovery through the following aspects: (1) basic characteristics of exosomes, (2) research progress of exosomal noncoding RNA in bone tissue engineering, (3) current status and advantages of engineering exosomes as nanocarriers for noncoding RNA delivery, and (4) problems and application prospects of exosome therapy in the field of orthopedics.

HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lalita El Milla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Materials Used

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Ovine Bilateral Critical Sized Bone Defect Iliac Wing Model to Examine Treatment Modalities Based on Bone Tissue Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Lansdowne ◽  
Declan Devine ◽  
Ursula Eberli ◽  
Pieter Emans ◽  
Tim J. M. Welting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Positive Controls

Critical sized bone defect (CSBD) animal models are used to evaluate and confirm efficacy and potency of new treatment modalities based on bone tissue engineering before the latter can be applied in clinical practice. In this study, a bilateral CSBD model in the iliac wings of sheep is described in detail. To demonstrate that this is a large animal CSBD model in sheep, bone healing within the defect left empty (negative control) or filled with autologous corticocancellous bone graft (clinical gold standard, positive control) was assessed using micro-CT, histology, histomorphometric, and fluorochrome analysis. After three months, new bone into the defect site was formed across the whole defect in the positive controls but limited to the edge of the defects in the negative controls. Bone volume in the positive controls was statistically higher than in the negative controls, with the latter having less than 10% new bone growth. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The model described here represents a reliable and reproducible bilateral CSBD in sheep with low morbidity that can be used forin vivoevaluation of new treatment modalities based on bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Collagen Type I Biomaterials as Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Rico-Llanos ◽  
Sara Borrego-González ◽  
Miguelangel Moncayo-Donoso ◽  
José Becerra ◽  
Rick Visser
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Type I ◽  
Organic Constituent

Collagen type I is the main organic constituent of the bone extracellular matrix and has been used for decades as scaffolding material in bone tissue engineering approaches when autografts are not feasible. Polymeric collagen can be easily isolated from various animal sources and can be processed in a great number of ways to manufacture biomaterials in the form of sponges, particles, or hydrogels, among others, for different applications. Despite its great biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, collagen type I also has some drawbacks, such as its high biodegradability, low mechanical strength, and lack of osteoinductive activity. Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve the collagen type I-based implants for bone tissue engineering. This review aims to summarize the current status of collagen type I as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering, as well as to highlight some of the main efforts that have been made recently towards designing and producing collagen implants to improve bone regeneration.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Piezoelectric Barium Titanate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Polley ◽  
Thomas Distler ◽  
Rainer Detsch ◽  
Henrik Lund ◽  
Armin Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Barium Titanate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Large Bone

The prevalence of large bone defects is still a major problem in surgical clinics. It is, thus, not a surprise that bone-related research, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, is a major issue in medical research. Researchers worldwide are searching for the missing link in engineering bone graft materials that mimic bones, and foster osteogenesis and bone remodeling. One approach is the combination of additive manufacturing technology with smart and additionally electrically active biomaterials. In this study, we performed a three-dimensional (3D) printing process to fabricate piezoelectric, porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds. The printed scaffolds indicate good cytocompatibility and cell attachment as well as bone mimicking piezoelectric properties with a piezoelectric constant of 3 pC/N. This work represents a promising first approach to creating an implant material with improved bone regenerating potential, in combination with an interconnected porous network and a microporosity, known to enhance bone growth and vascularization.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of PLGA/HAP scaffolds with DNA-functionalised calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Sokolova ◽  
Kathrin Kostka ◽  
K. T. Shalumon ◽  
Oleg Prymak ◽  
Jyh-Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

AbstractPorous scaffolds of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA; 85:15) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) were prepared by an emulsion-precipitation procedure from uniform PLGA–nHAP spheres (150–250 µm diameter). These spheres were then thermally sintered at 83 °C to porous scaffolds that can serve for bone tissue engineering or for bone substitution. The base materials PLGA and nHAP and the PLGA–nHAP scaffolds were extensively characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The scaffold porosity was about 50 vol% as determined by relating mass and volume of the scaffolds, together with the computed density of the solid phase (PLGA–nHAP). The cultivation of HeLa cells demonstrated their high cytocompatibility. In combination with DNA-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles, they showed a good activity of gene transfection with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as model protein. This is expected enhance bone growth around an implanted scaffold or inside a scaffold for tissue engineering.

scholarly journals 3D-Printing of Microfibrous Porous Scaffolds Based on Hybrid Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Kankala ◽  
Xiao-Ming Xu ◽  
Chen-Guang Liu ◽  
Ai-Zheng Chen ◽  
Shi-Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hybrid Strategy

In recent times, tremendous progress has been evidenced by the advancements in various methods of generating three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds. However, the applicability of most of the traditional approaches intended for generating these biomimetic scaffolds is limited due to poor resolution and strict requirements in choosing materials. In this work, we fabricated 3D porous scaffolds based on the composite inks of gelatin (Gel), nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using an innovative hybrid strategy based on 3D printing and freeze-drying technologies for bone tissue engineering. Initially, the PLGA scaffolds were printed using the 3D printing method, and they were then coated with the Gel/n-HA complex, yielding the Gel/n-HA/PLGA scaffolds. These Gel/n-HA/PLGA scaffolds with exceptional biodegradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility have enabled osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) for their convenient adhesion as a layer and have efficiently promoted their growth, as well as differentiation. We further demonstrated the bone growth by measuring the particular biomarkers that act as key players in the ossification process (i.e., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and collagen type-I (COL-I)) and the total proteins of the MC3T3-E1 cells. We anticipate that the convenient generation of highly porous 3D scaffolds based on Gel/n-HA/PLGA fabricated through an innovative combinatorial approach of 3D printing technology and freeze-drying methods may undoubtedly find widespread applications in regenerative medicine.

Novel three Dimensional Biodegradable Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

1998 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacey G. Marra ◽  
Phil G. Campbell ◽  
Paul A. Dimilla ◽  
Prashant N. Kumta ◽  
Mark P. Mooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Degradation Rates

AbstractWe have constructed osteogenic scaffolds using solid freeform fabrication techniques. Blends of biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), have been examined as scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite granules were incorporated into the blends and porous discs were prepared. Mechanical properties and degradation rates of the composites were determined. The discs were seeded with rabbit bone marrow or cultured bone marrow stromal cells and in vitro studies were conducted. Electron microscopy and histological analysis revealed an osteogenic composite that supports bone cell growth not only on the surface but throughout the 1 mm thick scaffold as well. Seeded and unseeded discs were mechanically assembled in layers and implanted in a rabbit rectus abdominis muscle. Bone growth was evident after eight weeks in vivo. Electron microscopy and histological analyses indicate vascularization and primitive bone formation throughout the seeded composite, and also a “fusion” of the layers to form a single, solid construct. Finally, we have begun to incorporate the growth factor IGF-I into the scaffold to enhance osteogenicity and/or as an alternative to cell seeding.

Preparation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide6 Composite Porous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 793-796
Author(s):  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Yu Bao Li ◽  
Yi Zuo ◽  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Hua Nan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Human Cancellous Bone

Scaffold in bone tissue engineering must have a three-dimensional (3-D) interconnected porous structure acting as a template for bone tissue regeneration, and material fabricating the scaffold must be biocompatible and can provide structural support during bone growth and remodeling at the same time. In this paper, a method of phase separation and particle leaching combined (PS/PL) was used to prepare porous scaffold of nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide6 (n-HA/PA6) composite. The results show that the scaffold prepared by PS/PL has not only interconnected macropores of 100~300 μm, but also micropores on the walls of macropores, and PS/PL scaffold is more interconnective in compare with phase separation (PS) scaffold. When the porosity of the scaffold is about 79%, its compressive strongth is about 3.27 MPa, that is similar to the human cancellous bone(2~10MPa). Ethanol has some effect on hydrogen bonds, but fabricating method will not change the chemical component of the composite. The porous scaffold is prospect for bone tissue engineering.

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