scholarly journals Therapeutic Applications of Cannabinoids in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
J. A. Garza-Cervantes ◽  
M. Ramos-González ◽  
O. Lozano ◽  
C. Jerjes-Sánchez ◽  
G. García-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Myocardial Contraction ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Nitrogen Reactive Species ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Partial Effects

A large number of cannabinoids have been discovered that could play a role in mitigating cardiac affections. However, none of them has been as widely studied as cannabidiol (CBD), most likely because, individually, the others offer only partial effects or can activate potential harmful pathways. In this regard, CBD has proven to be of great value as a cardioprotective agent since it is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule. Thus, we conducted a review to condensate the currently available knowledge on CBD as a therapy for different experimental models of cardiomyopathies and heart failure to detect the molecular pathways involved in cardiac protection. CBD therapy can greatly limit the production of oxygen/nitrogen reactive species, thereby limiting cellular damage, protecting mitochondria, avoiding caspase activation, and regulating ionic homeostasis. Hence, it can affect myocardial contraction by restricting the activation of inflammatory pathways and cytokine secretion, lowering tissular infiltration by immune cells, and reducing the area of infarct and fibrosis formation. These effects are mediated by the activation or inhibition of different receptors and target molecules of the endocannabinoid system. In the final part of this review, we explore the current state of CBD in clinical trials as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases and provide evidence of its potential benefits in humans.

scholarly journals The European Green Capital Award—Is It a Dream or Reality for Belgrade (Serbia)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6182
Author(s):  
Marijana Pantić ◽  
Saša Milijić
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

An agreement of cooperation and transmission of knowledge regarding the nomination for the European Green Capital Award (EGCA) was signed between the mayors of Belgrade and Ljubljana (EGCA 2016 winner) in September 2018. The candidacy of Belgrade was finally realized in October 2019. Great hope was placed in this endeavour because internationally recognized awards, such as the EGCA, represent enormous capital for both the city and the state. The EGCA requires serious preparation and significant fulfilment of preconditions. Many economically strong and environmentally responsible cities competed for the award, but did not win. On the other hand, the capital of Serbia does not appear to be an obvious winning candidate, especially as it is differentiated from the previous winners by being a non-EU city and by the fact that it is still undergoing an intense urban transformation, characteristic of transitional countries. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to present a review of the current state of Belgrade’s environmental qualities and its comparison with the EGCA criteria and with Grenoble as one of the winning competitors. The article gives a full overview of the EGCA requirements with certain details on required indicators, gives relevant insight into the procedure, which could be of use for any future candidacy, and discusses potential benefits for winners, losers and repeat candidacies.

scholarly journals Effects of Beraprost Sodium in experimental models of heart failure.

1996 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kumagai ◽  
Masafumi Isogaya ◽  
Seiji Okazaki ◽  
Shintaro Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Beraprost Sodium

scholarly journals Precision Medicine: Considerable Potential Combined with Important Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 950-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent I. Fox ◽  
Bill G. Felkey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Benefits

While not necessarily a new idea, precision medicine has recently gained traction as the future of health care. The potential benefits are almost difficult to believe, while the challenges are multifaceted. We provide an overview of the current state of precision medicine.

Peripheral chemoreceptors in health and disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanduri R. Prabhakar ◽  
Ying-Jie Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptors ◽  
Oxygen Homeostasis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Bodies

Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aortic bodies) detect changes in arterial blood oxygen and initiate reflexes that are important for maintaining homeostasis during hypoxemia. This mini-review summarizes the importance of peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Carotid bodies are important for eliciting hypoxic ventilatory stimulation in humans and in experimental animals. In the absence of carotid bodies, compensatory upregulation of aortic bodies as well as other chemoreceptors contributes to the hypoxic ventilatory response. Peripheral chemoreceptors are critical for ventilatory acclimatization at high altitude. They also contribute in part to the exercise-induced hyperventilation, especially with submaximal and heavy exercise. During pregnancy, hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity increases, perhaps due to the actions of estrogen and progesterone on chemoreceptors. Augmented peripheral chemoreceptors have been implicated in early stages of recurrent apneas, congestive heart failure, and certain forms of hypertension. It is likely that chemoreceptors tend to maintain oxygen homeostasis and act as a defense mechanism to prevent the progression of the morbidity associated with these diseases. Experimental models of recurrent apneas, congestive heart failure, and hypertension offer excellent opportunities to unravel the cellular mechanisms associated with altered chemoreceptor function.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids on the Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 632-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Irving ◽  
Mark G. Rae ◽  
Angela A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Reward Pathways ◽  
The Brain

Cannabis has a long history of consumption both for recreational and medicinal uses. Recently there have been significant advances in our understanding of how cannabis and related compounds (cannabinoids) affect the brain and this review addresses the current state of knowledge of these effects. Cannabinoids act primarily via two types of receptor, CB1and CB2, with CB1receptors mediating most of the central actions of cannabinoids. The presence of a new type of brain cannabinoid receptor is also indicated. Important advances have been made in our understanding of cannabinoid receptor signaling pathways, their modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity, the cellular targets of cannabinoids in different central nervous system (CNS) regions and, in particular, the role of the endogenous brain cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system. Cannabinoids have widespread actions in the brain: in the hippocampus they influence learning and memory; in the basal ganglia they modulate locomotor activity and reward pathways; in the hypothalamus they have a role in the control of appetite. Cannabinoids may also be protective against neurodegeneration and brain damage and exhibit anticonvulsant activity. Some of the analgesic effects of cannabinoids also appear to involve sites within the brain. These advances in our understanding of the actions of cannabinoids and the brain endocannabinoid system have led to important new insights into neuronal function which are likely to result in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of key CNS disorders.

scholarly journals Can Physical Activity Support the Endocannabinoid System in the Preventive and Therapeutic Approach to Neurological Disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4221
Author(s):  
Tomasz Charytoniuk ◽  
Hubert Zywno ◽  
Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka ◽  
Klaudia Berk ◽  
Wiktor Bzdega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Neurological Effects

The worldwide prevalence of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, such as depression or Alzheimer’s disease, has spread extensively throughout the last decades, becoming an enormous health issue. Numerous data indicate a distinct correlation between the altered endocannabinoid signaling and different aspects of brain physiology, such as memory or neurogenesis. Moreover, the endocannabinoid system is widely regarded as a crucial factor in the development of neuropathologies. Thus, targeting those disorders via synthetic cannabinoids, as well as phytocannabinoids, becomes a widespread research issue. Over the last decade, the endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied for its correlation with physical activity. Recent data showed that physical activity correlates with elevated endocannabinoid serum concentrations and increased cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) expression in the brain, which results in positive neurological effects including antidepressant effect, ameliorated memory, neuroplasticity development, and reduced neuroinflammation. However, none of the prior reviews presented a comprehensive correlation between physical activity, the endocannabinoid system, and neuropathologies. Thus, our review provides a current state of knowledge of the endocannabinoid system, its action in physical activity, as well as neuropathologies and a possible correlation between all those fields. We believe that this might contribute to finding a new preventive and therapeutic approach to both neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.

Current state of total artificial heart therapy and introduction of the most important total artificial heart systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Sotirios Spiliopoulos ◽  
Vera Hergesell ◽  
Andrae Wasler ◽  
Otto Dapunt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Artificial Heart ◽  
Cardiac Transplantation ◽  
Total Artificial Heart ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Current State ◽  
End Stage

AbstractDue to the declining instances of organ donation, total artificial heart (TAH) therapy is of increasing importance for the management of end-stage biventricular heart failure. We introduce the currently most important established and novel TAH systems (SynCardia, CARMAT, ReinHeart, BiVACOR), report clinical outcomes and discuss technical requirements for the successful implementation of TAH therapy as an alternative to cardiac transplantation.

Building back smarter—part three: placing modular facilities in a resource-limited healthcare system

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Isobel Clough
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Current State ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Physical Spaces

Land should be one of the greatest assets of the UK healthcare system, as a result of its large estates portfolio. Howere, the current state of many of the NHS's buildings means that physical spaces are often more of a burden, with maintenance backlogs costing billions. However, as a resource-limited public institution, it is crucial that all investments into NHS infrastructure are as effective and future-proof as possible. The previous two articles in this series have focused on the potential benefits of modular facilities to healthcare staff, services and patients, drawing on case studies of NHS trusts that have implemented modular facilities on their sites. This article, the third and final instalment of this series, discusses the health economic impact of current NHS infrastructure, and explores the ways in which modular facilities could provide a flexible and cost-effective means of expanding capacity and improving services in a resource-limited environment.

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