Evaluation of Particulate Matter Capture and Long-Term Clogging Characteristics of Different Filter Media for Pavement Runoff Treatment

The removal of particulate matter (PM) by filter media during filtration process can mitigate the pavement runoff pollution effectively. However, this process also makes the filter media prone to clogging. To better understand the size ranges of PM captured by filter media and the subsequent impact on the clogging process, filtration test and clogging test were conducted on five types of filter media. The effect of layer thickness and grain size of different filter media on particle removal efficiency was evaluated, based on the results of PM removal rate and the particle size distribution. The subsequent long-term clogging characteristics of different filter media were also investigated. The results showed that filter media presented different capabilities to capture PM, which could be enhanced by less layer thickness or finer grain size. Normally, PM with the size range of over 49 μm could be captured effectively if proper layer thickness and grain size of filter media were selected. Besides, PM removal rate was not related to the clogging resistance of filter media. Though it can capture a larger amount of PM, Vesuvianite still maintained remarkable clogging resistance. The results will be beneficial to filter media selection and system design optimization for pavement runoff treatment.

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Leaded Aviation Fuel May Present Long-Term Effects on Campus Life from the Adjacent Albert Whitted Airport

10.26434/chemrxiv.12824741 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Matthews ◽

Madhu Pandey

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

The United States ◽

Aviation Fuel ◽

University Campus ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Aviation Gasoline ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

Descent Line

Propeller planes and small engine aircraft around the United States, legally utilize leaded aviation gasoline. The purpose of this experiment was to collect suspended particulate matter from a university campus, directly below an airport’s arriving flight path’s descent line, and to analyze lead content suspended in the air. Two collection sets of three separate samples were collected on six separate days, one set in July of 2018 and the second set in January 2019.

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Removal of particulate matter on coated filter media

10.31274/rtd-180813-2583 ◽

1968 ◽

Author(s):

Donald Edward Burns

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Filter Media

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A global association between Covid-19 cases and airborne particulate matter at regional level

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85751-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Angelo Solimini ◽

F. Filipponi ◽

D. Alunni Fegatelli ◽

B. Caputo ◽

C. M. De Marco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Regional Level ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Observation Data ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Mixed Effect

AbstractEvidences of an association between air pollution and Covid-19 infections are mixed and inconclusive. We conducted an ecological analysis at regional scale of long-term exposure to air-borne particle matter and spread of Covid-19 cases during the first wave of epidemics. Global air pollution and climate data were calculated from satellite earth observation data assimilated into numerical models at 10 km resolution. Main outcome was defined as the cumulative number of cases of Covid-19 in the 14 days following the date when > 10 cumulative cases were reported. Negative binomial mixed effect models were applied to estimate the associations between the outcome and long-term exposure to air pollution at the regional level (PM10, PM2.5), after adjusting for relevant regional and country level covariates and spatial correlation. In total we collected 237,749 Covid-19 cases from 730 regions, 63 countries and 5 continents at May 30, 2020. A 10 μg/m3 increase of pollution level was associated with 8.1% (95% CI 5.4%, 10.5%) and 11.5% (95% CI 7.8%, 14.9%) increases in the number of cases in a 14 days window, for PM2.5 and PM10 respectively. We found an association between Covid-19 cases and air pollution suggestive of a possible causal link among particulate matter levels and incidence of COVID-19.

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The Diamond League athletic series: does the air quality sparkle?

International Journal of Biometeorology ◽

10.1007/s00484-021-02114-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James R. Hodgson ◽

Lee Chapman ◽

Francis D. Pope

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Urban Air Pollution ◽

Quality Data ◽

Performance Variation ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Respiratory Conditions ◽

Race Performance

AbstractUrban air pollution can have negative short- and long-term impacts on health, including cardiovascular, neurological, immune system and developmental damage. The irritant qualities of pollutants such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular distress, which can be heightened during physical activity and particularly so for those with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Previously, research has only examined marathon run outcomes or running under laboratory settings. This study focuses on elite 5-km athletes performing in international events at nine locations. Local meteorological and air quality data are used in conjunction with race performance metrics from the Diamond League Athletics series to determine the extent to which elite competitors are influenced during maximal sustained efforts in real-world conditions. The findings from this study suggest that local meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) and air quality (ozone and particulate matter) have an impact on athletic performance. Variation between finishing times at different race locations can also be explained by the local meteorology and air quality conditions seen during races.

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Inhaled Particulate Matter Affects Immune Responsiveness of Human Lung Phagocytes to Mycobacteria

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00014.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brandon Anton Paarwater ◽

Jomien Mouton ◽

Samantha L Sampson ◽

Stephanus T Malherbe ◽

Jane A Shaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Post Infection ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Early Time ◽

Immune Responsiveness ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Host Protection ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Long Term Impact

The influence of smoke- or air pollution-derived cytoplasmic particulate matter (PM) can be detrimental and lead to failed lung immunity. We investigated mycobacterial uptake, intracellular replication, and soluble immune mediator responses of human bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC) loaded with/without PM, to infection with mycobacterial strains. We observed that only BALC containing PM display an ex vivo phenotypic profile dominated by spontaneous interleukin (IL) -10 production. PM loaded BALC retained the ability to phagocytose both Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) ΔleuDΔpanCD at equal efficacy as clear non-PM loaded BALC. However, immune responsiveness, such as the production of IL-6 (p=0.015) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p= 0.0172) immediately post M.bovis BCG infection, were dramatically lower in black BALC loaded with PM versus clear non-PM loaded BALC. By 24 hour post infection, differential immune responses to M.bovis BCG between black versus clear BALC waned, and instead, production of IL-6 (p= 0.03) and IL-1α (p= 0.04 ) by black BALC were lower versus clear BALC following M.tb ΔleuDΔpanCD infection. Considering that TNFα and IL-6 are characterized as critical to host protection against mycobacteria, our findings suggest that BALC loaded with inhaled PM, display lower levels of anti-mycobacterial mediators, and that the response magnitude differs according to infective mycobacterial strain. Even though this did not translate into altered mycobacterial killing at early time points post infection, the long-term impact of such changes remains to be established.

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