scholarly journals Advances in Exosomes Derived from Different Cell Sources and Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Yu-Xiu Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Xiao Zhang ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Different Sources

Exosomes can reach distant tissues through blood circulation to communicate directly with target cells and rapidly regulate intracellular signals. Exosomes play an important role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Different exosomes derived from different sources, and their cargos have different mechanisms of action. In addition to being biomarkers, exosomes also have a certain significance in the diagnosis, treatment, and even prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide a review of the up-to-date applications of exosomes, derived from various sources, in the prognosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Dutka ◽  
Rafał Bobiński ◽  
Wojciech Wojakowski ◽  
Tomasz Francuz ◽  
Celina Pająk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Ratio

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL). More and more studies confirm the relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that a high plasma concentration of OPG and a low concentration of tumour necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) together with a high OPG/TRAIL ratio are predictors of poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. A high plasma OPG concentration and a high ratio of OPG/TRAIL in the acute myocardial infarction are a prognostic indicator of adverse left ventricular remodelling and of the development of heart failure. Ever more data indicates the participation of OPG in the regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells and the initiation of the atherosclerotic process in the arteries. Additionally, it has been shown that TRAIL has a protective effect on blood vessels and exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The mechanisms of action of both OPG and TRAIL within the cells of the vascular wall are complex and remain largely unclear. However, these mechanisms of action as well as their interaction in the local vascular environment are of great interest to researchers. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of action of OPG and TRAIL in the circulatory system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may allow their use as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Medicodemographic estimation of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the great agroindustrial region

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
V. Y. Albitsky ◽  
A. S. Galyavich ◽  
S. V. Davidov ◽  
A. I. Glushakov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Blood Circulation

The medicodemographic characteristic and medicosocial estimation of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Tatarstan Republic in the nineties of the 20th century are given. The growth оf mortality and initial disability due to cardiovascular diseases in persons capable of working is revealed. Among blood circulation diseases the largest growth rates of mortality and initial disability were characteristic for patients with hypertension capable of working.

scholarly journals The Fountain of Youth: A tale of parabiosis, stem cells, and rejuvenation

Open Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Annalucia Carbone ◽  
Elisa Beccia ◽  
Antonella Angiolillo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Fountain Of Youth

AbstractTransfusion (or drinking) of blood or of its components has been thought as a rejuvenation method since ancient times. Parabiosis, the procedure of joining two animals so that they share each others blood circulation, has revitalized the concept of blood as a putative drug. Since 2005, a number of papers have reported the anti-ageing effect of heterochronic parabiosis, which is joining an aged mouse to a young partner. The hallmark of aging is the decline of regenerative properties in most tissues, partially attributed to impaired function of stem and progenitor cells. In the parabiosis experiments, it was elegantly shown that factors derived from the young systemic environment are able to activate molecular signaling pathways in hepatic, muscle or neural stem cells of the old parabiont leading to increased tissue regeneration. Eventually, further studies have brought to identify some soluble factors in part responsible for these rejuvenating effects, including the chemokine CCL11, the growth differentiation factor 11, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, and oxytocin. The question about giving whole blood or specific factors in helping rejuvenation is open, as well as the mechanisms of action of these factors, deserving further studies to be translated into the life of (old) human beings.

scholarly journals Chinese Urban Hui Muslims’ Access to and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Diseases-Related Health Information from Different Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yuping Mao ◽  
Jeroen Jansz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Different Sources

This research aims to identify the sources that urban Hui Muslims access to get health information related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and how they evaluate the information from different sources. This paper focuses on health information related to cardiovascular diseases among Hui Muslims. The data was gathered by means of an online survey administered on mobile devices. To put the answers given by Hui Muslims into perspective and make a comparison between Hui Muslims and the Han people, we also gathered information from Han—the dominant group in China. The results showed that Chinese Hui Muslims mostly used mediated sources, while Han people mainly used interpersonal sources. Both Hui Muslims and Han people trusted and preferred health information about cardiovascular diseases provided by health organizations, doctors, and healthcare providers. The information given by religious leaders was trusted the least, although Hui Muslims were significantly more positive about religious authority than the Han people. The current results are relevant for Chinese health information promoters and can help them diffuse CVD health information more effectively to urban Hui Muslims.

Genome editing's potential target diseases in the cardiovascular field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Editing Efficiency ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Significant Barrier

Two types of cardiovascular diseases can be cured or prevented using genome editing. The liver is the organ that has received the most attention in terms of clinical genome editing for cardiovascular diseases. Off-target mutagenesis is a concern of any form of genome editing. Off-target mutations in target cells or tissues may lead to undesirable functional phenotypes, including cancer. For therapeutic editing of the heart, the authors claim it's critical to achieve high editing efficiency at a chosen genomic site in a desired tissue. Off-target editing can be tested genome-wide unbiasedly using newer cell-based methods. For low off-target impact, well-designed gRNAs are important. The delivery of genome editors to target tissues and cells is a significant barrier to clinical use.

Cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Pauline Bosco-Levy ◽  
Julien Bezin ◽  
Francesco Salvo ◽  
Nicholas Moore
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cardiovascular Drugs ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
The Moment

Many drugs that were not designed to treat cardiovascular diseases may affect the cardiovascular system, causing adverse reactions. The objective of this chapter is to review in a systematic manner these adverse effects of non-cardiovascular drugs. The heart consists of four main entities that may be affected by non-cardiovascular drugs and lead to very different types of events: (1) the conduction tissue, that governs heart rate and rhythm, associated with arrhythmia and sudden death; (2) the endocardium and valves, associated with valvular disease and endocardial fibrosis; (3) the myocardium, which can directly or indirectly lead to heart failure; and (4) the coronary arteries, and in general the vascular bed, with myocardial ischaemia and infarction as main adverse events. These different elements may be affected by different drugs with different mechanisms of action, though some drugs may affect several components (e.g. myocardial infarction may result in heart failure). The objective of this chapter is not to provide exhaustive listings of all drugs ever associated with any of these events, which can be found online and will be obsolete the moment they are published, but an understanding of the typology of these events and their mechanism.

scholarly journals The Role of Histone Acetylation and the Microbiome in Phytochemical Efficacy for Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4006
Author(s):  
Levi W. Evans ◽  
Maheshi Athukorala ◽  
Kristina Martinez-Guryn ◽  
Bradley S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death worldwide and create a substantial financial burden. Emerging studies have begun to focus on epigenetic targets and re-establishing healthy gut microbes as therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of CVD. Phytochemicals, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, have been shown to exert a protective effect against CVD, though their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Of interest, phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been shown to regulate both histone acetylation and microbiome re-composition. The purpose of this review is to highlight the microbiome–epigenome axis as a therapeutic target for food bioactives in the prevention and/or treatment of CVD. Specifically, we will discuss studies that highlight how the three phytochemicals above alter histone acetylation leading to global changes in gene expression and CVD protection. Then, we will expand upon these phytochemicals to discuss the impact of phytochemical–microbiome–histone acetylation interaction in CVD.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of action of inhaled fibers, particles and nanoparticles in lung and cardiovascular diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke T Mossman ◽  
Paul J Borm ◽  
Vincent Castranova ◽  
Daniel L Costa ◽  
Kenneth Donaldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

Structure-function relationships and mechanism of action of pituitary and placental gonadotrophins

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Apparailly ◽  
V Laurent-Cadoret ◽  
F Lecompte ◽  
M Chopineau ◽  
MC Maurel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Beta Subunits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Homologous Desensitization

Data from the author's laboratory on relationships between structure and function of equine luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and choriogonadotrophin as well as their mechanisms of action are reviewed and compared with their human counterparts. Polymorphism of these hormones and problems associated with their purification are discussed as well as the association and dissociation of their alpha- and beta-subunits. The affinity of receptor binding, the superactivity of membrane transduction and homologous desensitization of target cells by non-stimulatory doses of the gonadotrophins are also reviewed.

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