scholarly journals The Modulation of Reward and Habit Systems by Acupuncture in Adolescents with Internet Addiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yun Qin ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Dezhong Yao ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Acupuncture is an effective therapy for Internet addiction (IA). However, the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in relieving compulsive Internet use remain unknown. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the role of the ventral striatum (VS) in the progress of IA; hence, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of acupuncture on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and relevant network of VS in IA. Methods. Twenty-seven IA individuals and 30 demographically matched healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited in this study. We acquired the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in IA subjects before and after 40 days of acupuncture treatment. Seed-to-voxel and ROI-to-ROI analyses were applied to detect the rsFC alterations of the VS and related network in IA subjects and to investigate the modulation effect of acupuncture on the rsFC. Results. Compared with HCs, IA subjects exhibited enhanced rsFC of the right ventral rostral putamen (VRP) with the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), premotor cortex (PMC), cerebellum, and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In the network including these five ROIs, IA also showed increased ROI-to-ROI rsFC. Using a paired t-test in IA subjects before and after 40 days of acupuncture, the increased ROI-to-ROI rsFC was decreased (normalized to HC) with acupuncture, including the rsFC of the right VRP with the left OFC, PMC, and cerebellum, and the rsFC of the left cerebellum with the left OFC, PMC, and right vmPFC. Furthermore, the change in rsFC strength between the right VRP and left cerebellum in IA individuals was found positively correlated with the Internet craving alleviation after acupuncture. Conclusions. These findings verified the modulation effect of acupuncture on functional connectivity of reward and habit systems related to the VS in IA individuals, which might partly represent the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture on IA.

scholarly journals Altered hypothalamus functional connectivity with limbic system in fibromyalgia and the modulation effect of intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Kong ◽  
Yiting Huang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Siyi Yu ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes of the hypothalamus in Fibromyalgia patients and the modulation effect of effective treatments. Methods: Fibromyalgia patients and matched healthy controls (HC’s) were recruited. Resting state fMRI data were collected from fibromyalgia patients before and after a 12-week Tai Chi intervention and once from HC’s. Results: Data analysis showed that fibromyalgia patients displayed significantly decreased medial hypothalamus (MH) rsFC with the thalamus and amygdala when compared to HC’s at baseline. After the intervention, fibromyalgia patients showed increased (normalized) MH rsFC in the thalamus and amygdala. Effective connectivity analysis showed disrupted MH and thalamus interaction in fibromyalgia, which nonetheless could be partially restored by Tai Chi. Conclusions: Elucidating the role of the diencephalon and limbic system in the pathophysiology and development of fibromyalgia may facilitate the development of new treatment methods for this prevalent disorder. Trial registration: Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02407665. Registered 3 April 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02407665

scholarly journals On the role of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric functional connectivity in humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (50) ◽  
pp. 13278-13283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarod L. Roland ◽  
Abraham Z. Snyder ◽  
Carl D. Hacker ◽  
Anish Mitra ◽  
Joshua S. Shimony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Before And After

Resting state functional connectivity is defined in terms of temporal correlations between physiologic signals, most commonly studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Major features of functional connectivity correspond to structural (axonal) connectivity. However, this relation is not one-to-one. Interhemispheric functional connectivity in relation to the corpus callosum presents a case in point. Specifically, several reports have documented nearly intact interhemispheric functional connectivity in individuals in whom the corpus callosum (the major commissure between the hemispheres) never develops. To investigate this question, we assessed functional connectivity before and after surgical section of the corpus callosum in 22 patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Section of the corpus callosum markedly reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity. This effect was more profound in multimodal associative areas in the frontal and parietal lobe than primary regions of sensorimotor and visual function. Moreover, no evidence of recovery was observed in a limited sample in which multiyear, longitudinal follow-up was obtained. Comparison of partial vs. complete callosotomy revealed several effects implying the existence of polysynaptic functional connectivity between remote brain regions. Thus, our results demonstrate that callosal as well as extracallosal anatomical connections play a role in the maintenance of interhemispheric functional connectivity.

scholarly journals Brain aerobic glycolysis and motor adaptation learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. E3782-E3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Shannon ◽  
Sanjeev Neil Vaishnavi ◽  
Andrei G. Vlassenko ◽  
Joshua S. Shimony ◽  
Jerrel Rutlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pet Scans ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adequate Tissue

Ten percent to 15% of glucose used by the brain is metabolized nonoxidatively despite adequate tissue oxygenation, a process termed aerobic glycolysis (AG). Because of the known role of glycolysis in biosynthesis, we tested whether learning-induced synaptic plasticity would lead to regionally appropriate, learning-dependent changes in AG. Functional MRI (fMRI) before, during, and after performance of a visual–motor adaptation task demonstrated that left Brodmann area 44 (BA44) played a key role in adaptation, with learning-related changes to activity during the task and altered resting-state, functional connectivity after the task. PET scans before and after task performance indicated a sustained increase in AG in left BA 44 accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption. Intersubject variability in behavioral adaptation rate correlated strongly with changes in AG in this region, as well as functional connectivity, which is consistent with a role for AG in synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals Modulation of GABA and resting state functional connectivity by transcranial direct current stimulation

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velicia Bachtiar ◽  
Jamie Near ◽  
Heidi Johansen-Berg ◽  
Charlotte J Stagg
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

We previously demonstrated that network level functional connectivity in the human brain could be related to levels of inhibition in a major network node at baseline (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib24">Stagg et al., 2014</xref>). In this study, we build upon this finding to directly investigate the effects of perturbing M1 GABA and resting state functional connectivity using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a neuromodulatory approach that has previously been demonstrated to modulate both metrics. FMRI data and GABA levels, as assessed by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, were measured before and after 20 min of 1 mA anodal or sham tDCS. In line with previous studies, baseline GABA levels were negatively correlated with the strength of functional connectivity within the resting motor network. However, although we confirm the previously reported findings that anodal tDCS reduces GABA concentration and increases functional connectivity in the stimulated motor cortex; these changes are not correlated, suggesting they may be driven by distinct underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Resting state functional connectivity patterns as biomarkers of treatment response to escitalopram in patients with major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke A. G. Martens ◽  
Nicola Filippini ◽  
Catherine J. Harmer ◽  
Beata R. Godlewska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Treatment Responsivity ◽  
Response Biomarkers

Abstract Rational With no available response biomarkers, matching an appropriate antidepressant to an individual can be a lengthy process. Improving understanding of processes underlying treatment responsivity in depression is crucial for facilitating work on response biomarkers. Objectives To identify differences in patterns of pre-treatment resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) that may underlie response to antidepressant treatment. Methods After a baseline MRI scan, thirty-four drug-free patients with depression were treated with an SSRI escitalopram 10 mg daily for 6 weeks; response was defined as ≥ 50% decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) score. Thirty-one healthy controls had a baseline clinical assessment and scan. Healthy participants did not receive treatment. Results Twenty-one (62%) of patients responded to escitalopram. Treatment responsivity was associated with enhanced rsFC of the right fronto-parietal network (FPN)—with the posterior DMN, somatomotor network (SMN) and somatosensory association cortex. The lack of treatment response was characterized by reduced rsFC: of the bilateral FPN with the contralateral SMN, of the right FPN with the posterior DMN, and of the extended sensorimotor auditory area with the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and posterior DMN. Reduced rsFC of the posterior DMN with IPL was seen in treatment responders, although only when compared with HC. Conclusions The study supports the role of resting-state networks in response to antidepressant treatment, and in particular the central role of the frontoparietal and default mode networks.

Impact of self-designed Ningxin Anshen Decoction on the resting-state network functional connectivity in patients with mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorders: a Clinical Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing He ◽  
Hang Xiong ◽  
Jiangshan Fang ◽  
Hao Gu ◽  
Rongjuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Scale ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a persistent chronic excessive anxiety that is hard to control. Our previous study indicated that self-designed Ningxin Anshen Formula (NXAS) was effective to improve the symptoms and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) of mild to moderate GAD patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the imapct of self-designed NXAS on the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with mild to moderate GAD and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS A total of 61 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate GAD were recruited and divided into two groups: NXAS group (n=31) and placebo group (n=30). Before and after treatment, the RSFC was examined by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), the anxiety was assessed with HAMA, and the independent component analysis (ICA) was used to analyze the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). The correlation between HAMA score and abnormal RSFC was further evaluated. RESULTS The default mode network (DMN) showed evident RSFC interaction in the PCUN in both groups before and after therapy. The salience network (SN) showed obvious RSFC interaction in the bilateral gyrus frontalis inferiors and bilateral gyri temporalis superiors before and after therapy. In the NXAS group, the RSFC interction reduced significantly in the left gyrus frontalis inferior, but remained unchanged in the right gyrus frontalis inferior and bilateral gyri temporalis superiors after therapy. In the control group, the RSFC interaction increased dramatically after treatment. In addition, the abnormal RSFC had no relationship with HAMA score. CONCLUSIONS The self-designed NXAS can increase the RSFC in the PUCN on DMN and reduce RSFC in the orbIFG.L on SN to exert anti-anxiety effect. CLINICALTRIAL The study was registered on the Clinical Trials (NO. ChiCTR-OCC-12002329).

scholarly journals Age-related differences in resting state functional connectivity in pediatric migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bell ◽  
Akashroop Khaira ◽  
Mehak Stokoe ◽  
Megan Webb ◽  
Melanie Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Pediatric Migraine ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Status Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Migraine affects roughly 10% of youth aged 5–15 years, however the underlying mechanisms of migraine in youth are poorly understood. Multiple structural and functional alterations have been shown in the brains of adult migraine sufferers. This study aims to investigate the effects of migraine on resting-state functional connectivity during the period of transition from childhood to adolescence, a critical period of brain development and the time when rates of pediatric chronic pain spikes. Methods Using independent component analysis, we compared resting state network spatial maps and power spectra between youth with migraine aged 7–15 and age-matched controls. Statistical comparisons were conducted using a MANCOVA analysis. Results We show (1) group by age interaction effects on connectivity in the visual and salience networks, group by sex interaction effects on connectivity in the default mode network and group by pubertal status interaction effects on connectivity in visual and frontal parietal networks, and (2) relationships between connectivity in the visual networks and the migraine cycle, and age by cycle interaction effects on connectivity in the visual, default mode and sensorimotor networks. Conclusions We demonstrate that brain alterations begin early in youth with migraine and are modulated by development. This highlights the need for further study into the neural mechanisms of migraine in youth specifically, to aid in the development of more effective treatments.

Resting-state Functional Connectivity of the Right Temporoparietal Junction Relates to Belief Updating and Reorienting during Spatial Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1141
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Käsbauer ◽  
Paola Mengotti ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Simone Vossel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Right Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right

Although multiple studies characterized the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), little is known about the link between rTPJ rsFC and cognitive functions. Given a putative involvement of rTPJ in both reorienting of attention and the updating of probabilistic beliefs, this study characterized the relationship between rsFC of rTPJ with dorsal and ventral attention systems and these two cognitive processes. Twenty-three healthy young participants performed a modified location-cueing paradigm with true and false prior information about the percentage of cue validity to assess belief updating and attentional reorienting. Resting-state fMRI was recorded before and after the task. Seed-based correlation analysis was employed, and correlations of each behavioral parameter with rsFC before the task, as well as with changes in rsFC after the task, were assessed in an ROI-based approach. Weaker rsFC between rTPJ and right intraparietal sulcus before the task was associated with relatively faster updating of the belief that the cue will be valid after false prior information. Moreover, relatively faster belief updating, as well as faster reorienting, were related to an increase in the interhemispheric rsFC between rTPJ and left TPJ after the task. These findings are in line with task-based connectivity studies on related attentional functions and extend results from stroke patients demonstrating the importance of interhemispheric parietal interactions for behavioral performance. The present results not only highlight the essential role of parietal rsFC for attentional functions but also suggest that cognitive processing during a task changes connectivity patterns in a performance-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Disentangling Mathematics from Executive Functions by Investigating Unique Functional Connectivity Patterns Predictive of Mathematics Ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Skagerlund ◽  
Taylor Bolt ◽  
Jason S. Nomi ◽  
Mikael Skagenholt ◽  
Daniel Västfjäll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Mathematical Ability ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Right

What are the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms that give rise to mathematical competence? This study investigated the relationship between tests of mathematical ability completed outside the scanner and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of cytoarchitectonically defined subdivisions of the parietal cortex in adults. These parietal areas are also involved in executive functions (EFs). Therefore, it remains unclear whether there are unique networks for mathematical processing. We investigate the neural networks for mathematical cognition and three measures of EF using resting-state fMRI data collected from 51 healthy adults. Using 10 ROIs in seed to whole-brain voxel-wise analyses, the results showed that arithmetical ability was correlated with FC between the right anterior intraparietal sulcus (hIP1) and the left supramarginal gyrus and between the right posterior intraparietal sulcus (hIP3) and the left middle frontal gyrus and the right premotor cortex. The connection between the posterior portion of the left angular gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus was also correlated with mathematical ability. Covariates of EF eliminated connectivity patterns with nodes in inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, suggesting neural overlap. Controlling for EF, we found unique connections correlated with mathematical ability between the right hIP1 and the left supramarginal gyrus and between hIP3 bilaterally to premotor cortex bilaterally. This is partly in line with the “mapping hypothesis” of numerical cognition in which the right intraparietal sulcus subserves nonsymbolic number processing and connects to the left parietal cortex, responsible for calculation procedures. We show that FC within this circuitry is a significant predictor of math ability in adulthood.

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