scholarly journals Catastrophizing Has a Better Prediction for TMD Than Other Psychometric and Experimental Pain Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lisa Willassen ◽  
Anders Arne Johansson ◽  
Siv Kvinnsland ◽  
Kordian Staniszewski ◽  
Trond Berge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Lower Pain

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by moderate to severe pain in the masticatory muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The present study is a part of a multidisciplinary project, initiated by the Norwegian Ministry of Health. The main purpose of this study is to compare a cohort of TMD patients to healthy individuals regarding experimental pain, the degree of disability caused by living with pain and psychometric variables, and to investigate which of these variables is the best predictor for TMD patients. We hypothesised that TMD patients have more disability when living with pain and lower pain thresholds than healthy controls, and those psychometric variables are stronger predictors than pain thresholds provoked by experimental pain. Sixty TMD patients were matched by sex and age to sixty healthy individuals without TMD symptoms or other musculoskeletal symptoms in the head and neck region. All subjects completed a questionnaire that included psychometric characteristics, that is, a one- and two-item version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Roland Morris Scale (RMS), which measures disability when living with pain. They also underwent a clinical examination including the measurement of pain thresholds with electrical and pressure stimuli. The TMD patients had lower pain thresholds for experimental electrical and pressure stimuli compared with the controls ( P  < 0.05 and <0.001, respectively). They also scored higher than healthy individuals with disability living with pain ( P < 0.001 ), anxiety ( P < 0.001 ), depression ( P < 0.001 ), and catastrophizing ( P < 0.001 ). The results for anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing have been published earlier, and the reused data in this study are compared with RMS and pain thresholds. The conditional logistic regression model identified catastrophizing (OR = 2.42, CI 1.22–4.79) as a significant predictor of TMD patients. The results support this hypothesis and indicate that TMD patients have lower pain thresholds and more disability when living with pain compared to healthy individuals, where the strongest prediction for TMD was catastrophizing. Awareness of psychometric disabilities in TMD patients is of importance when considering the choice of treatment.

scholarly journals Relationships between Psychological Factors and Experimental Pain Outcomes in Healthy Individuals: Results from 8 Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Nahman-Averbuch ◽  
Ian A. Boggero ◽  
Benjamin M. Hunter ◽  
Hannah Pickerill ◽  
James L. Peugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing, may affect how healthy individuals experience experimental pain. However, current literature puts forth contradictory results, possibly due to differing study methodologies, such as the type of psychophysical measure or survey. To better understand such results, this paper analyzed the relationships between psychological factors and experimental pain outcomes across eight different studies (total n= 595) conducted in different populations of healthy adult and adolescent participants. Analyses were conducted with and without controlling for sex, age, and race. Each study was analyzed separately and as part of an aggregate analysis. Even without correction for multiple comparisons, only a few significant relationships were found for the individual studies. Controlling for demographic factors had minimal effect on the results. Importantly, even the few statistically significant models showed relatively small effect sizes; psychological factors explained no more than 20% of the variability in experimental pain sensitivity of healthy individuals. The aggregate analyses revealed relationships between anxiety and PPT / cold pain ratings and between pain catastrophizing and PPT. Sample size calculations based on the aggregate analyses indicated that several hundred participants would be required to correctly detect relationships between these psychological factors and pain measures. These overall negative findings suggest that anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing in healthy individuals may not be meaningfully related to experimental pain outcomes. Furthermore, positive findings in the literature may be subject to small group effects and publication bias towards positive findings.

scholarly journals Assessing the measurement invariance of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires across people living with HIV/AIDS and healthy people

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Bagheri ◽  
Pegah Noorshargh ◽  
Zahra Shahsavar ◽  
Peyman Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Recently, extensive research has been reported the higher rate of depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) as compared to the general population. However, no single study has been carried out to investigate whether this disparity is a real difference or it happens due to lack of measurement invariance. This study aims to assess the measurement invariance of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) questionnaires across PLWHAs and healthy individuals. Methods One hundred and fifty PLWHAs and 500 healthy individuals filled out the Persian version of the BAI and CESD-10 questionnaires. Multi-group multiple-indicators multiple-causes model (MG-MIMIC) was used to assess measurement invariance across PLWHAs and healthy people. Results Our findings revealed that PLWHAs and healthy individuals perceived the meaning of all the items in the BAI and CESD-10 questionnaires similarly. In addition, although depression scores were significantly higher in PLWHAs as opposed to the healthy individuals, no significant difference was observed in anxiety scores of these two groups. Conclusions The current study suggests that the BAI and CESD-10 are invariant measures across PLWHAs and healthy people which can be used for meaningful cross-group comparison. Therefore, in comparison to healthy individuals, higher depression score of PLWHAs is a real difference. It is highly recommended that health professionals develop therapeutic interventions and psychological supports to promote the mental health of PLWHAs which alleviate their depressive symptoms.

Increased Pain Catastrophizing Associated With Lower Pain Relief During Spinal Cord Stimulation: Results From a Large Post-Market Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Rosenberg ◽  
David M. Schultz ◽  
Luis E. Duarte ◽  
Steven M. Rosen ◽  
Adil Raza
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Post Market ◽  
Lower Pain

scholarly journals Laboratory Personnel Gender and Cold Pressor Apparatus Affect Subjective Pain Reports

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e13-e18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M Vigil ◽  
Lauren N Rowell ◽  
Joe Alcock ◽  
Randy Maestes
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Pain Reporting ◽  
Pain Reports

BACKGROUND: There is no standardized method for cold pressor pain tasks across experiments. Temperature, apparatus and aspects of experimenters vary widely among studies. It is well known that experimental pain tolerance is influenced by setting as well as the sex of the experimenter. It is not known whether other contextual factors influence experimental pain reporting.OBJECTIVES: The present two-part experiment examines whether minimizing and standardizing interactions with laboratory personnel (eg, limiting interaction with participants to consenting and questions and not during the actual pain task) eliminates the influence of examiner characteristics on subjective pain reports and whether using different cold pain apparatus (cooler versus machine) influences reports.METHODS:The present experiment manipulated the gender of the experimenter (male, female and transgender) and the type of cold pressor task (CPT) apparatus (ice cooler versus refrigerated bath circulator). Participants conducted the CPT at one of two pain levels (5°C or 16°C) without an experimenter present.RESULTS:Men and women showed lower pain sensitivity when they were processed by biological male personnel than by biological female personnel before the CPT. Women who interacted with a transgendered researcher likewise reported higher pain sensitivity than women processed by biological male or female researchers. The type of CPT apparatus, despite operating at equivalent temperatures, also influenced subjective pain reports.DISCUSSION: The findings show that even minimal interactions with laboratory personnel who differ in gender, and differences in laboratory materials impact the reliable measurement of pain.CONCLUSION: More standardized protocols for measuring pain across varying research and clinical settings should be developed.

Experimental Pain Thresholds Influenced by Sex of Experimenter

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gijsbers ◽  
F. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Pain Thresholds

Association between statin use and the risks of glaucoma in Australia: a 10-year cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-318789
Author(s):  
Yixiong Yuan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Ruilin Xiong ◽  
Jason Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Statin Use

SynopsisIn a cohort of middle-aged and elderly Australians, we found that long-term statin use was associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset. As to subtypes of statins, the increased risk was only found in rosuvastatin users.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between statin use and glaucoma onset in a 10-year longitudinal study.MethodsThis nested case–control study was based on data from a large-scale cohort of Australians aged over 45 years old. Medication exposure was identified by claims records from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme during the follow-up period (2009–2016). The onset of glaucoma was defined as the people with at least three claims of antiglaucoma medications. Controls matched by age, gender and cardiovascular diseases were selected from participants without prescription of antiglaucoma medications. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess the association between statin use and glaucoma onset.ResultsThe proportion of statin users was higher in the case group (40.5%) than that in the control group (38.4%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics and longitudinal claims records, statin use was not associated with glaucoma onset (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.11). However, an increased risk of glaucoma onset was observed in participants with a longer duration of statin use (>3 years vs <1 year: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21). With respect to specific types of statins, participants taking rosuvastatin were more likely to suffer from glaucoma (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.22). The use of other statins was not significantly associated with glaucoma onset.ConclusionsLong-term statin use was found to be associated with a higher risk of glaucoma onset in this study. Regarding specific types of statins, the increased risk of glaucoma onset was only observed in users of rosuvastatin.

FRI0426 EMOTIONAL COMPONENTS AND INFLAMMATION ARE HIGHLY RELEVANT IN PAIN REPORTED BY KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIC PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 811-812
Author(s):  
L. Tío ◽  
F. Castro ◽  
S. Tassani ◽  
M. Á. Gónzález-Ballester ◽  
J. Noailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
Pain Sensitization

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability in elderly and the most frequent form is knee OA (KOA) (1). Pain is the principal symptom that leads patients to visit clinicians, and it is the main reason, together with functionality, for patients to undergo a total knee replacement (TKR) after apparently unsuccessful conservative (CNV) treatments (2). It is well-known that there is a poor correlation between the radiographic severity (based on Kellgren & Lawrence (KL) score) and the reported pain (3), so other variables may be responsible for the intensity of pain.Objectives:Identifying the leading causes of pain in each patient would improve the management of the disease. In this study we aim to investigate the role of emotional components, nociception process and inflammation in treatment decision, as a global measure of pain suffered by KOA patients, taking into account sex, age and BMI.Methods:KOA patients, carefully selected to be idiopathic, graded 2-3 in KL, were recruited at Hospital del Mar. The following variables were recorded: WOMAC, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), tender points (TP) (measure with a pressure algometer at points defined in the Arendt-Nielsen extended peripatellar map), synovial hypertrophy (SH) and effusion (SE) (measure by ultrasounds), and PCR and ESR serum levels. Patients were classified according to 4 factors: treatment (CNV/TKR), sex, age (60-67/68-75) and BMI (<30/>30). All groups were balanced. Multivariate and correlations analysis were performed.Results:Eighty-seven patients have been recruited. Patients from the TKR group present significant higher WOMAC (p=0.000), PCS (p=0.002) and SE (p= 0.038) values than CNV ones, without interaction with the other factors, except for SE, that presents interaction with BMI (Fig. 1). Women reported significant upper WOMAC (p=0.001) and HAD rates (p=0.020), but also higher number of TP and ESR levels (p= 0.000 and 0.002, respectively). The level of sensitization was significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.000). Several significant correlations were found, mainly between WOMAC and emotional components, as well as between TP and WOMAC, PCS, and inflammation markers (Table 1).Conclusion:PCS is an emotional component that could explain in part the lack of correlation between joint status and patient’s symptomatology. Working out strategies for pain management could improve this PCS values and therefore reduce the need for TKR. Furthermore, this study also highlights the two mainly types of OA etiology: mechanical and inflammatory. It suggests that inflammation is mostly responsible for OA progression in patients with low BMI, and plays a strong role in women pathology. Finally, specific treatments targeting central pain sensitization could also improve the management of the pathology in women.References:[1]Guccione AA, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Anthony JM, Zhang Y, Wilson PW, et al. The effects of specific medical conditions on the functional limitations of elders in the Framingham Study. Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):351-8.[2]O’Neill TW, Felson DT. Mechanisms of Osteoarthritis (OA) Pain. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2018 Oct;16(5):611-6.[3]Dieppe PA. Relationship between symptoms and structural change in osteoarthritis. what are the important targets for osteoarthritis therapy? J Rheumatol Suppl. 2004 Apr;70:50-3.Acknowledgments:MICINN Funds are acknowledged (HOLOA-DPI2016-80283-C2-1/2-R)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Detection and Prediction of Incident Alzheimer Dementia over a 10-Year or Longer Medical History: A Population-Based Study in Primary Care

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Davide L. Vetrano ◽  
Francesco Mazzoleni ◽  
Valeria Lovato ◽  
Mario Pata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical History ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
Incident Cases

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite the crucial role played by general practitioners in the identification and care of people with cognitive impairment, few data are available on how they may improve the early recognition of patients with Alzheimer dementia (AD), especially those with long (i.e., 10 years and longer) medical history. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> To investigate the occurrence and the predictors of AD during a 10-year or longer period prior AD diagnosis in primary care patients aged 60 years or older. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A cohort study with a nested case-control analysis has been conducted. Data were extracted from the Italian Health Search Database (HSD), an Italian database with primary care data. AD cases have been defined in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition (ICD-9-CM) codes and coupled with the use of anti-dementia drugs. Prevalence and incidence rates of AD have been calculated. To test the association between candidate predictors, being identified in a minimum period of 10 years, and incident cases of AD, we used a multivariate conditional logistic regression model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> As recorded in the primary care database, AD prevalence among patients aged 60 years or older was 0.8% during 2016, reaching 2.4% among nonagenarians. Overall, 1,889 incident cases of AD have been identified, with an incidence rate as high as 0.09% person-year. Compared with 18,890 matched controls, history of hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, aberrant motor behavior, and memory deficits were positively associated with higher odds of AD (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 for all) diagnosis. A previous diagnosis of depression and diabetes and the use of low-dose aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were associated with higher odds of AD (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 for all). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings show that, in accordance with primary care records, 1% of patients aged 60 years and older have a diagnosis of AD, with an incident AD diagnosis of 0.1% per year. AD is often under-reported in primary care settings; yet, several predictors identified in this study may support general practitioners to early identify patients at risk of AD.

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