Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium

Follicular proteoglycans are key players with structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the growth and cycling behaviour of the hair follicles. The expression pattern of specific proteoglycans is strongly correlated with follicular phase transitions, which further affirms their functional involvement. Research shows that bioactive proteoglycans, e.g., versican and decorin, can actively trigger follicular phase shift by their anagen-inducing, anagen-maintaining, and immunoregulatory properties. This emerging insight has led to the recognition of “dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism” as a plausible causal or mediating pathology in hair growth disorders in both men and women. In support of this, declined expression of proteoglycans has been reported in cases of anagen shortening and follicular miniaturisation. To facilitate scientific communication, we propose designating this pathology “follicular hypoglycania (FHG),” which results from an impaired ability of follicular cells to replenish and maintain a minimum relative concentration of key proteoglycans during anagen. Lasting FHG may advance to structural decay, called proteoglycan follicular atrophy (PFA). This process is suggested to be an integral pathogenetic factor in pattern hair loss (PHL) and telogen effluvium (TE). To address FHG and PFA, a proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) program using oral administration of a marine-derived extract (Nourkrin® with Marilex®, produced by Pharma Medico Aps, Aarhus, Denmark) containing specific proteoglycans has been developed. In clinical studies, this treatment significantly reduced hair fall, promoted hair growth, and improved quality of life in patients with male- and female-pattern hair loss. Accordingly, PRT (using Nourkrin® with Marilex®) can be recommended as an add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with PHL and TE.

Download Full-text

Annurca Apple Polyphenols Protect Murine Hair Follicles from Taxane Induced Dystrophy and Hijacks Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism toward β-Oxidation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1808 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gennaro Riccio ◽

Eduardo Sommella ◽

Nadia Badolati ◽

Emanuela Salviati ◽

Sara Bottone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Pentose Phosphate ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Polyphenolic Extract

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common side effect of conventional chemotherapy and represents a major problem in clinical oncology. Even months after the end of chemotherapy, many cancer patients complain of hair loss, a condition that is psychologically difficult to manage. CIA disturbs social and sexual interactions and causes anxiety and depression. Synthetic drugs protecting from CIA and endowed with hair growth stimulatory properties are prescribed with caution by oncologists. Hormones, growth factors, morphogens could unwontedly protect tumour cells or induce cancer cell proliferation and are thus considered incompatible with many chemotherapy regimens. Nutraceuticals, on the contrary, have been shown to be safe and effective treatment options for hair loss. We here show that polyphenols from Malus Pumila Miller cv Annurca are endowed with hair growth promoting activity and can be considered a safe alternative to avoid CIA. In vitro, Annurca Apple Polyphenolic Extract (AAE) protects murine Hair Follicles (HF) from taxanes induced dystrophy. Moreover, in virtue of its mechanism of action, AAE is herein proven to be compatible with chemotherapy regimens. AAE forces HFs to produce ATP using mitochondrial β-oxidation, reducing Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) rate and nucleotides production. As consequence, DNA replication and mitosis are not stimulated, while a pool of free amino acids usually involved in catabolic reactions are spared for keratin production. Moreover, measuring the effect exerted on Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) metabolism, we prove that AAE promotes hair-growth by increasing the intracellular levels of Prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) and by hijacking PUFA catabolites toward β-oxidation.

Download Full-text

Disorders of Hair

10.2310/fm.1107 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

James Q Del Rosso

Keyword(s):

Hair Loss ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Common Type ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Broad Overview

A basic knowledge of the hair growth cycle is needed to evaluate disorders of hair growth. This chapter presents a broad overview of the physiology and evaluation of hair growth, as well as discussions of specific types of alopecia. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of androgenetic alopecia, the most common type of nonscarring hair loss, are covered. Diffuse hair shedding is generalized hair loss over the entire scalp. Diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium, anagen arrest (anagen effluvium), and other causes of diffuse hair shedding are covered in detail. Alopecia areata, typically characterized by patchy hair loss; cicatricial alopecia, which results from permanent scarring of the hair follicles; and miscellaneous causes of hair loss are also discussed. Tables list the causes of diffuse and cicatricial alopecia, telogen effluvium, and miscellaneous chemicals and categories of drugs that can cause alopecia, as well as miscellaneous causes of hair loss. Included is an algorithm outlining the approach to diagnosing nonscarring alopecia, as well as a variety of clinical photographs. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 42 references.

Download Full-text

A Pilot Evaluation of Scalp Skin Wounding to Promote Hair Growth in Female Pattern Hair Loss

International Journal of Women s Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.11.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura J. Burns ◽

Dina Hagigeorges ◽

Kelly E. Flanagan ◽

James Pathoulas ◽

Maryanne M. Senna

Keyword(s):

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Female Pattern Hair Loss ◽

Scalp Skin ◽

Skin Wounding

Download Full-text

Sulfotransferase activity in plucked hair follicles predicts response to topical minoxidil treatment in Brazilian female pattern hair loss patients

Dermatologic Therapy ◽

10.1111/dth.13195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paulo Müller Ramos ◽

Rodney Sinclair ◽

Hélio Amante Miot ◽

Andy Goren

Keyword(s):

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Female Pattern Hair Loss ◽

Topical Minoxidil

Download Full-text

HOW WIGS AND WOMEN’S BEAUTY SUPPLY PRODUCTS MOVE THROUGHOUT THE SUPPLY CHAIN

International Supply Chain Technology Journal ◽

10.20545/isctj.v3i10.122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Alexa Green ◽

Felicia Jefferson

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Literature Review ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Outer Layer ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Review Paper ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Key Factors ◽

Sebaceous Glands

Everyone wants shine, softness, and hair strength, all key factors in having healthy hair. The purpose of this literature review is to provide information about healthy hair growth. Research states that the hair grows from follicles within the skin. Hair follicles are sacs where hair grows and where the sebaceous glands open. The follicles lined by cells derived from the epidermal. Keratin protects epithelial cells from damage and it makes up the outer layer of human skin. Even though there are many ways you can grow your hair, there are many ways you can lose your hair as well. This review paper also explains disorders that can cause hair loss.

Download Full-text

Comparative Hair Restorer Efficacy of Medicinal Herb on Nude (Foxn1nu) Mice

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/319795 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shahnaz Begum ◽

Mi Ra Lee ◽

Li Juan Gu ◽

Md. Jamil Hossain ◽

Hyun Kyoung Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panax Ginseng ◽

Nude Mice ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Eclipta Alba ◽

Growth Area ◽

Brdu Labeling

Eclipta alba(L.) Hassk,Asiasarum sieboldii(Miq.) F. Maek (Asiasari radix), andPanax ginsengC. A. Mey (red ginseng) are traditionally acclaimed for therapeutic properties of various human ailments. Synergistic effect of each standardized plant extract was investigated for hair growth potential on nude mice, as these mutant mice genetically lack hair due to abnormal keratinization. Dried plant samples were ground and extracted by methanol. Topical application was performed on the back of nude mice daily up to completion of two hair growth generations. The hair density and length ofEclipta albatreated mice were increased significantlyP>0.001than control mice. Hair growth area was also distinctly visible inEclipta albatreated mice. On the other hand,Asiasari radixandPanax ginsengtreated mice developing hair loss were recognized from the abortive boundaries of hair coverage. Histomorphometric observation of nude mice skin samples revealed an increase in number of hair follicles (HFs). The presence of follicular keratinocytes was confirmed by BrdU labeling, S-phase cells in HFs. Therefore,Eclipta albaextract and/or phytochemicals strongly displayed incomparability of hair growth promotion activity than others. Thus, the standardizedEclipta albaextract can be used as an effective, alternative, and complementary treatment against hair loss.

Download Full-text

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hair Gel Containing Fenugreek Seed Extract for Nourishment and Hair Growth

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst196416 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 92-103

Author(s):

Suryawanshi Nishant C ◽

Vijayendra Swamy S. M. ◽

Nagoba Shivappa N. ◽

Wanje Vaijanti V.

Keyword(s):

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Estrogen Therapy ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Topical Formulation ◽

Fenugreek Seed

The present study now a days many people face the major problem related to hair i.e. hair loss. There are many causes of hair loss physiological conditions, emotional or physical stress, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal disorders one of the due to hormone deficiency of estrogen. External administration of the estrogen could changes the hormonal cycle and increase cancer risk some natural alternative estrogen therapy can be found in the various plants containing natural products those having weak estrogen activity like Phyto-estrogen. Herbal drug has less side effects and more effective as comparative to synthetic drug. Phytoestrogen are competing with the estrogen by the binding to the estrogen receptor and produce estrogen effect, Phytoestrogen in the fenugreek seed. Family – Fabaceae Ethanolic extract of (Trigonella foenum-graecum) fenugreek seed prepared for the topical formulation of herbal hair gel formulation by using Carbopol 934 gelling agent, glycerin, pvp, methyl paraben, PEG, Triethanolamine Fenugreek was evaluated for its potency on hair growth activity by in vivo method. In vivo, study 2.5mg of fenugreek extract is used. That is applied on the shaved skin of mice to determine the length of hair and the different cyclic phase of hair follicles like anagen and s phases were will be grow after some time periods. From the study topical use of gel formulation were apply for 30 days .There are use of fenugreek extract containing gel formulation over the shaved skin of mice that shows the significant result by increase the hair growth. The prepared gel was characterized for their physicochemical constants, preliminary phyto-chemical analysis, quantitative analysis, Spread-ability, pH, viscosity, and stability study.

Download Full-text

Role of Non Androgenic Factors in Hair loss and Hair Regrowth

International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.33140/ijced/02/01/00003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

The Body ◽

Immune Recognition ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Poor Growth

Multiple nutritional, environmental and lifestyle factors can directly affect hair follicles, to weaken and make them sensitive to the action of androgens. Hair loss can be corrected and hair growth can be improved by addressing these non-androgenic factors. Patients having hair fall, thinning, loss of volume and poor growth can be precursors to androgenetic alopecia. Recent research has shown that androgens inhibit hair growth through release of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) ß1. Further study of this mechanism reveals that generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induced by androgens leads to release of TGF ß1 and use of ROS scavengers can block the release of TGF ß1, explaining beneficial role of antioxidants in hair growth. The binding of ROS to intracellular proteins also causes hair loss by altering the protein structure, changing their immune recognition and converting them to new antigens targeted by inflammatory and immune systems. Calorie restriction and individual micronutrient deficiencies lead to a new process of intracellular destruction or autophagy before cell apoptosis, which could explain cessation of hair growth. Telogen is not a resting phase but now defined as active conservation of follicles under unfavourable conditions. Thus any stress, trauma, metabolic change or insult causes telogen. Micronutrients zinc, copper, selenium maintains immunity, control inflammation and preserve antioxidant activity of the cells. Vitamins A, C, D have a role in phagocytosis and antibodies maintaining resistance. Vitamin D3 modulates the hair-inductive capacity of dermal papilla cells. Vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among all the population of the world. Nutritive value of the foods has reduced over the years by 30%. Endocrine Disrupting chemicals are creating further damage to the hormonal balance of the body. All these can be countered by use of antioxidants and a well-planned nutritional program which will ensure strengthening and regrowth of hair follicles, without the use of Finasteride.

Download Full-text

Understanding Hormonal Therapies: Overview for the Dermatologist Focused on Hair

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000512888 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Karishma Desai ◽

Bianca Almeida ◽

Mariya Miteva

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Intimate Relationship ◽

Hormonal Replacement ◽

Hormonal Therapies ◽

Hormonal Treatments

Hormones have an intimate relationship with hair growth. Hormonal replacement therapy is used to treat menopausal symptoms and to provide protection from chronic diseases for which postmenopausal women may be at risk. Additionally, hormonal therapies are prescribed for contraception and treatment of acne. Considering the widespread use of such therapies, there is a demand for further understanding of their implications in hair disorders. This article reviews the specific properties of current estrogen- and progesterone-containing hormonal treatments and their implications for the patient with hair loss. The complexity of the task comes from the paucity of data and discrepancy in the literature on the effect of the specific hormonal-receptor activities.

Download Full-text