scholarly journals Corneal Stem Cells as a Source of Regenerative Cell-Based Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jasmin S. Nurković ◽  
Radiša Vojinović ◽  
Zana Dolićanin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Corneal Regeneration ◽  
Successful Transplantation ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

In the past few years, intensive research has focused on corneal stem cells as an unlimited source for cell-based therapy in regenerative ophthalmology. Today, it is known that the cornea has at least two types of stem cells: limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs). LESCs are used for regeneration of corneal surface, while CSSCs are used for regeneration of corneal stroma. Until now, various approaches and methods for isolation of LESCs and CSSCs and their successful transplantation have been described and tested in several preclinical studies and clinical trials. This review describes in detail phenotypic characteristics of LESCs and CSSCs and discusses their therapeutic potential in corneal regeneration. Since efficient and safe corneal stem cell-based therapy is still a challenging issue that requires continuous cooperation between researchers, clinicians, and patients, this review addresses the important limitations and suggests possible strategies for improvement of corneal stem cell-based therapy.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Retinal Degenerative Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin ◽  
Xiang Ren ◽  
Yongjiang Chen ◽  
Danian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Retinal Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

Retinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) are a group of diseases contributing to irreversible vision loss with yet limited therapies. Stem cell-based therapy is a promising novel therapeutic approach in RDD treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a leading cell source due to their neurotrophic and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Several pre-clinical studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to delay retinal degeneration, and recent clinical trials have demonstrated promising safety profiles for the application of MSCs in retinal disease. However, some of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points, and severe side effects were reported in some retinal “stem cell” clinics. In this review, we provide an update of the interaction between MSCs and the RDD microenvironment and discuss how to balance the therapeutic potential and safety concerns of MSCs' ocular application.

scholarly journals Stem Cells in the Path of Light, from Corneal to Retinal Reconstruction

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Samoila ◽  
Lacramioara Samoila
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Stem Cells Transplantation ◽  
Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells

The future of eye reconstruction invariably includes stem cells transplantation. Corneal limbus, corneal stroma, trabeculum, retinal cells, optic nerve, and all structures that are irreversibly damaged and have no means to be repaired or replaced, through conventional treatment or surgery, represent targets for stem cell reconstruction. This review tries to answer the question if there is any clinical validation for stem therapies, so far, starting from the cornea and, on the path of light, arriving to the retina. The investigation covers the last 10 years of publications. From 2385 published sources, we found 56 clinical studies matching inclusion criteria, 39 involving cornea, and 17 involving retina. So far, corneal epithelial reconstruction seems well validated clinically. Enough clinical data are collected to allow some form of standardization for the stem cell transplant procedures. Cultivated limbal epithelial stem cells (CLET), simple limbal epithelial transplant (SLET), and oral mucosa transplantation are implemented worldwide. In comparison, far less patients are investigated in retinal stem reconstructions, with lower anatomical and clinical success, so far. Intravitreal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal approach for retinal stem therapies face specific challenges.

scholarly journals SIRT1+ Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) Suspended in Alginate Hydrogel for the Treatment of Subchondral Bone Cyst in Medial Femoral Condyle in the Horse. Clinical Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328-1334
Author(s):  
Paweł Golonka ◽  
Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska ◽  
Krzysztof Marycz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Alginate Hydrogel ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

AbstractStem cell based therapy are now commonly applied in human and veterinary medical practice especially in orthopaedics. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue (ASC) are first choice option due to relatively non-invasive and safe procedure of tissue harvesting. However, ASC therapeutic potential strongly rely on patients general health condition, age and life-style. For that reason, to enhance therapeutic potential of cells, they are modified in vitro using different approaches. Previous studies have shown, that ASC treated with resveratrol, herein called SIRT+, are characterised by decreased senescence, increased proliferation rate and improved clinical outcome in autologous therapies. Herein, SIRT + cells in alginate hydrogel were applied to 5 years old warm breed mare was clinically evaluated due to the left hind lameness due to subchondral bone cyst. The therapeutic effect was assessed by the analysis of lameness score and radiological evaluation. This case report demonstrates the therapeutic potential of SIRT + cells in the treatment of orthopaedics disorders in horses as complete bone remodelling occurred after therapy and horse came back to training.

scholarly journals Endometrial Stem Cell Markers: Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Tempest ◽  
Alison Maclean ◽  
Dharani Hapangama
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Functional Layer ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

The human endometrium is a highly regenerative organ undergoing over 400 cycles of shedding and regeneration over a woman’s lifetime. Menstrual shedding and the subsequent repair of the functional layer of the endometrium is a process unique to humans and higher-order primates. This massive regenerative capacity is thought to have a stem cell basis, with human endometrial stromal stem cells having already been extensively studied. Studies on endometrial epithelial stem cells are sparse, and the current belief is that the endometrial epithelial stem cells reside in the terminal ends of the basalis glands at the endometrial/myometrial interface. Since almost all endometrial pathologies are thought to originate from aberrations in stem cells that regularly regenerate the functionalis layer, expansion of our current understanding of stem cells is necessary in order for curative treatment strategies to be developed. This review critically appraises the postulated markers in order to identify endometrial stem cells. It also examines the current evidence supporting the existence of epithelial stem cells in the human endometrium that are likely to be involved both in glandular regeneration and in the pathogenesis of endometrial proliferative diseases such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 2854-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Jeong Park ◽  
Kuniyasu Niizuma ◽  
Maxim Mokin ◽  
Mari Dezawa ◽  
Cesar V. Borlongan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Muse Cells

Stem cell-based regenerative therapies may rescue the central nervous system following ischemic stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit promising regenerative capacity in in vitro studies but display little to no incorporation in host tissue after transplantation in in vivo models of stroke. Despite these limitations, clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells have produced some functional benefits ascribed to their ability to modulate the host’s inflammatory response coupled with their robust safety profile. Regeneration of ischemic brain tissue using stem cells, however, remains elusive in humans. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a distinct subset of mesenchymal stem cells found sporadically in connective tissue of nearly every organ. Since their discovery in 2010, these endogenous reparative stem cells have been investigated for their therapeutic potential against a variety of diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. Preclinical studies have exemplified Muse cells’ unique ability mobilize, differentiate, and engraft into damaged host tissue. Intravenously transplanted Muse cells in mouse lacunar stroke models afforded functional recovery and long-term engraftment into the host neural network. This mini-review article highlights these biological properties that make Muse cells an exceptional candidate donor source for cell therapy in ischemic stroke. Elucidating the mechanism behind the therapeutic potential of Muse cells will undoubtedly help optimize stem cell therapy for stroke and advance the field of regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Stem Cells and Their Potential Applications in Disease Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Peng ◽  
You-li Zhou ◽  
Zhi-yuan Song ◽  
Shu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. It takes part in regulating various biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that NPY exerts multiple regulatory effects on stem cells. As a kind of primitive and undifferentiated cells, stem cells have the therapeutic potential to replace damaged cells, secret paracrine molecules, promote angiogenesis, and modulate immunity. Stem cell-based therapy has been demonstrated effective and considered as one of the most promising treatments for specific diseases. However, several limitations still hamper its application, such as poor survival and low differentiation and integration rates of transplanted stem cells. The regulatory effects of NPY on stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may be helpful to overcome these limitations and facilitate the application of stem cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the regulatory effects of NPY on stem cells and discussed their potential applications in disease therapy.

scholarly journals Commercial Production of Autologous Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential for Liver Cirrhosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Lin ◽  
Horng-Jyh Harn ◽  
Po-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ming-Hsi Chuang ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Source

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are a promising source of autologous stem cells for personalized cell-based therapies. Culture expansion of ADSCs provides an attractive opportunity for liver cirrhosis patients. However, safety and stability issues can pose big challenges for personalized autologous stem cell products. In the present study, we addressed whether the commercial production program could provide a consistent product for liver cirrhosis therapy. We collected adipose tissue from three human donors by lipoaspirate and isolated ADSCs, which were expanded in culture to reach 1 × 10 8 cells (an approximately 1,000-fold expansion) within four passages. We then examined their morphology, chromosome stability, surface markers, and differentiation ability after culture. Next, we explored their therapeutic potential using a rat model of thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. Culture-expanded ADSCs were injected intrahepatically, and their biodistribution was tracked by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against human mitochondria. Finally, we tested for tumor development by subcutaneously injecting a 100-fold dose range of cultured ADSCs into immunocompromised mice. Taken together, we find that culture expansion of autologous ADSCs is a potentially suitable stem cell product for personalized cell-based therapy for patients with liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianning Chen ◽  
Tieyi Yang ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Jin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP), a common systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass, increasing bone fragility and a high risk of fracture. At present, the clinical treatment of OP mainly involves anti-bone resorption drugs and anabolic agents for bone, but their long-term use can cause serious side effects. The development of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has provided a new approach to the clinical treatment of various diseases, even with a hope for cure. Recently, the therapeutic advantages of the therapy have been shown for a variety of orthopedic diseases. However, these stem cell-based researches are currently limited to animal models; the uncertainty regarding the post-transplantation fate of stem cells and their safety in recipients has largely restricted the development of human clinical trials. Nevertheless, the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoporotic mice has drawn a growing amount of intriguing attention from clinicians to its potential of applying the stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach to OP in the future clinic. In the current review, therefore, we explored the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human OP treatment.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Youn Lee ◽  
Ran Kim ◽  
Onju Ham ◽  
Jihyun Lee ◽  
Pilseog Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Capacity

Despite development of medicine, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Over the past 10 years, various stem cells have been utilized in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs. CVDs are characterized by a broad range of pathological reactions including inflammation, necrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. However, the causes of CVDs are still unclear. While there is a limit to the currently available target-dependent treatments, the therapeutic potential of stem cells is very attractive for the treatment of CVDs because of their paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and immunomodulatory capacity. Various studies have recently reported increased therapeutic potential of transplantation of microRNA- (miRNA-) overexpressing stem cells or small-molecule-treated cells. In addition to treatment with drugs or overexpressed miRNA in stem cells, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles also have therapeutic potential because they can deliver the stem cell-specific RNA and protein into the host cell, thereby improving cell viability. Here, we reported the state of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of CVDs and the potential for cell-free based therapy.

scholarly journals Human Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells: A Promising Seed Cell for Clinical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7730
Author(s):  
Chen Qiu ◽  
Zhen Ge ◽  
Wenyu Cui ◽  
Luyang Yu ◽  
Jinying Li
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Cell Source

Perinatal stem cells have been regarded as an attractive and available cell source for medical research and clinical trials in recent years. Multiple stem cell types have been identified in the human placenta. Recent advances in knowledge on placental stem cells have revealed that human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) have obvious advantages and can be used as a novel potential cell source for cellular therapy and clinical application. hAESCs are known to possess stem-cell-like plasticity, immune-privilege, and paracrine properties. In addition, non-tumorigenicity and a lack of ethical concerns are two major advantages compared with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). All of the characteristics mentioned above and other additional advantages, including easy accessibility and a non-invasive application procedure, make hAESCs a potential ideal cell type for use in both research and regenerative medicine in the near future. This review article summarizes current knowledge on the characteristics, therapeutic potential, clinical advances and future challenges of hAESCs in detail.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document